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Experimental analysis of the molecular theory of rubber elasticity (1988)

Sanjuan, J. ; Llorente, M. A.

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (1988), S. 235-244

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ISSN: 0887-6266

Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics

Notes: Stress-strain and birefringence-strain experiments, on polybutadiene and poly(methyl-3,3,3, trifluoropropyl siloxane) elastomeric networks of various degrees of crosslinking have been carried out in order to evaluate the recent molecular theory of rubber elasticity of Erman and Flory, which is based on the idea of constraints imposed by entangled network chains on crosslink fluctuations. Previously published results on polyoxypylene and poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks have also been analyzed. In general, the theory describes the elastic behavior of all these systems satisfactorily. Stress-strain and birefringence data can be interpreted using the same set of parameters. The most important theoretical parameter κ, which is a measure of the severity of constraints, varies with the elastic modulus as predicted by theory. However, the relationship is not a universal one, as was originally suggested.

Additional Material: 5 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1988.090260202

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Chronostratigraphy of the Boltaña anticline and the Ainsa Basin (southern Pyrenees) (2012)

Mochales, Tania ; Barnolas, A. ; Pueyo, E.L. ; Serra-Kiel, J. ; Casas, A.M. ; Samsó, J.M. ; Ramajo, J. ; Sanjuán, J.

Geological Society of America (GSA)

In: GSA Bulletin 124: 1229-1250.

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Publication Date: 2012-07-01

Description: The Ainsa Basin (south-central Pyrenees) is an exceptional example of a syntectonic foreland basin where structures oblique to the Pyrenean trend are well preserved. The absence of a complete chronostratigraphic frame motivated us to perform a detailed magnetostratigraphic study in the Ainsa Basin, including the shallow-marine–continental transition. Three sections covering almost the entire Eocene sedimentary fill were sampled (Ara, Coscollar, and Mondot), covering 2450 m of the sedimentary pile, with more than 1000 demagnetized specimens (sample spacing of 2.7 m). Data from previous magnetostratigraphic studies (Eripol section) allow us to complete the Eocene record with an 840-m-long profile within the Bartonian–Priabonian interval overlying the sampled sequence. Characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) directions were effectively isolated between 300 and 500 °C. Magnetite is the main magnetic carrier, with variable iron sulfide content and occasional hematite. Fold tests indicate a prefolding magnetization. Biostratigraphy based on shallow benthic foraminifera (15 localities) and a locality with abundant charophyte gyrogonites help to constrain the local magnetostratigraphic record (20 reversals) between the early Ilerdian and the middle Priabonian. A global correlation based on a magnetostratigraphic composite section derived from this work allows us to propose a complete chronostratigraphic frame for the Ainsa Basin infill between 55 and 45 Ma. Accumulation rates range from 2 to 53 cm/k.y., responding to retrogradational to progradational features during the early Lutetian, and a progressive increase from the middle Lutetian onward related to overall continentalization of the basin. Westward migration of subsidence is associated with progressively younger synsedimentary structures nucleating westward of the older ones in the South Pyrenean Basin.

Print ISSN: 0016-7606

Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)

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Comparative analysis of the response of various land covers to an exceptional rainfall event in the central Spanish Pyrenees, October 2012 (2013)

N. Lana-Renault, E. Nadal-Romero, M. P. Serrano-Muela, B. Alvera, P. Sánchez-Navarrete, Y. Sanjuan, J. M. García-Ruiz

Wiley

In: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

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Publication Date: 2013-07-10

Description: ABSTRACT The hydrological and geomorphological effects of an exceptional rainstorm event that occurred in the central Spanish Pyrenees during 19-21 October 2012 were studied in five experimental catchments under various land covers: (i) subhumid badlands; (ii) dense forest; (iii) an abandoned farmland area recolonized by shrubs and forest patches; and (iv) subalpine grasslands. Hydrographs and sedigraphs demonstrated that vegetation cover is a major factor affecting the control of floods even during exceptional rainstorms, at least at the spatial scale at which the phenomenon was studied (catchment sizes: 0.3-2.8 km 2 ) and under dry catchment conditions. The combined precipitation over the two days (ca. 250 mm) was the greatest for any two-day event recorded since 1950 in the central-western Pyrenees for all but one of the stations in the study. Five pulses of most intense rainfall were recorded. The forested catchment did not react to the two most intense rainfall pulses, because of the very low antecedent level of the water table. The main peak flow occurred only when at least a part of the catchment was saturated. The abandoned farmland catchment had two small peak discharges at the beginning of the event, which were produced by infiltration excess overland flow from eroded areas close to the main stream. During the third most intense rainfall period a large part of this catchment contributed to runoff and a relatively high peak discharge was produced. The badland catchment reacted immediately from the beginning of the rainstorm, yielding very high discharges accompanied by high suspended sediment concentrations. The subalpine catchment showed a hydrograph mirroring the hyetograph, with brief but intense hydrological responses to increased precipitation, because of the marked gradients and the presence of bare rock in the headwaters. A high volume of bedload was carried during the peak discharge. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Print ISSN: 0197-9337

Electronic ISSN: 1096-9837

Topics: Geography , Geosciences

Published by Wiley

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