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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • Geodynamics and Tectonics  (1)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (4)
  • Oxford University Press  (1)
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (4)
  • Oxford University Press  (1)
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 1
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    Absolute plate motion of Africa around Hawaii-Emperor bend time (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-17
    Description: Numerous regional plate reorganizations and the coeval ages of the Hawaiian Emperor bend (HEB) and Louisville bend of 50–47 Ma have been interpreted as a possible global tectonic plate reorganization at ~chron 21 (47.9 Ma). Yet for a truly global event we would expect a contemporaneous change in Africa absolute plate motion (APM) reflected by physical evidence distributed on the Africa Plate. This evidence has been postulated to take the form of the Réunion-Mascarene bend which exhibits many HEB-like features, such as a large angular change close to ~chron 21. However, the Réunion hotspot trail has recently been interpreted as a sequence of continental fragments with incidental hotspot volcanism. Here we show that the alternative Réunion-Mascarene Plateau trail can also satisfy the age progressions and geometry of other hotspot trails on the Africa Plate. The implied motion, suggesting a pivoting of Africa from 67 to 50 Ma, could explain the apparent bifurcation of the Tristan hotspot chain, the age reversals seen along the Walvis Ridge, the sharp curve of the Canary trail, and the diffuse nature of the St. Helena chain. To test this hypothesis further we made a new Africa APM model that extends back to ~80 Ma using a modified version of the Hybrid Polygonal Finite Rotation Method. This method uses seamount chains and their associated hotspots as geometric constraints for the model, and seamount age dates to determine APM through time. While this model successfully explains many of the volcanic features, it implies an unrealistically fast global lithospheric net rotation, as well as improbable APM trajectories for many other plates, including the Americas, Eurasia and Australia. We contrast this speculative model with a more conventional model in which the Mascarene Plateau is excluded in favour of the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge rotated into the Africa reference frame. This second model implies more realistic net lithospheric rotation and far-field APMs, but fails to explain key details of the Atlantic Ocean volcanic chains. Both models predict a Canary plume influence beneath the Madeiras. Neither model, when projected via the global plate circuit into the Pacific, predicts any significant change in plate motion around chron 21. Consequently, Africa APM models do not appear to provide independent support for a chron 21 global reorganization.
    Keywords: Geodynamics and Tectonics
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensile stress measurements on linear and branches low-density polyethylene melts. Interpretation of results with a generalized Maxwell model (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 289-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic shear experiments in the linear range of deformation and extensional tests at constant strain rate have been carried out on a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) melt and on two branched low-density polyethylene (LDPE) melts with different amounts of long-chain branching. Both the dynamic shear moduli and the tensile stress obey the time-temperature superposition principle. A simple model based on a nonaffine generalized Maxwell model with two relaxation times is proposed to describe the rheological behavior in elongation of these melts. Close agreement between the model and the experimental data can be obtained by adjusting the two relaxation times and the “slip parameter” of entanglements. The variations of these parameters with strain rate and their relationship with molecular structure are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of styrene-co-methyl methacrylate random copolymers (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 29 (1991), S. 933-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Viscoelastic properties of styrene-co-methyl methacrylate random copolymers have been determined over a temperature range covering the glass transition, the rubbery plateau, and the terminal zone and compared with polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate homopolymers. Nonlinear behavior was observed in the variations of most of the physical and rheological characteristics with the methyl methacrylate content in the copolymer. Results are interpreted in terms of the rupture of polar-polar intermolecular interactions between ester groups due to the presence of styrene units.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1991.090290804
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensile stress and recoverable strain measurements on polystyrene melts. Interpretation of results in terms of rubberlike elasticity (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 25 (1987), S. 295-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Extensional tests at constant strain rate \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon $\end{document} have been carried out on polystyrene melts with different molecular weight distributions at various temperatures and strain rates. The true tensile stress is found to be well approximated by the sum of two contributions: (1) a neo-Hookean expression involving the recoverable strain and (2) a contribution rapidly reaching a steady-state value. Two experimental parameters can be defined: an elasticity modulus \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ G(\dot \varepsilon ) $\end{document} from (1) and a viscosity \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \eta _{\rm v} (\dot \varepsilon ) $\end{document} from (2). It is further shown that time-temperature equivalence applies not only to the stress but also to the recoverable strain and to G and ηv. The dependence of G and ηv on strain rate is then discussed. For high strain rates, G is close to the linear viscoelastic plateau modulus of PS melts and decreases with decreasing strain rate. The value of ηv is found to a good approximation to be equal to three times the shear viscosity taken at a shear rate equivalent to the elongational strain rate.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1987.090250204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between structure and rheological properties in the melt of polymers containing spherical inclusions (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 (1995), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: polymer blends ; melt rheology ; crosslinked rubber ; structured latex ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The linear viscoelastic behavior of model rubbertoughened polymer melts has been studied. The most significant influence of the dispersed crosslinked rubber phase on the melt rheology of the blends is the existence of a secondary plateau for the storage modulus G′ at low frequencies. This behavior was ascribed to a percolation phenomenon, leading to the formation of a threedimensional network of inclusions, and contributing to the elasticity at low frequencies of the blend. Two different systems were investigated: (a) a polystyrene matrix with crosslinked and structured latex particles and (b) silicon oil matrices with homogeneous crosslinked PMMA particles. An initial shearing history was found to influence the dynamic mechanical properties of the molten blends and in particular to lower the lowfrequency plateau value for G′. During a subsequent annealing, the plateau modulus increases again. These results are in agreement with the assumption of a particle network.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1995.220060508
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