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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (6)
  • Geological Society (of London)  (1)
  • 1
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    Metolachlor dense non-aqueous phase liquid source conditions and plume attenuation in a dolostone water supply aquifer (2018)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-23
    Description: This paper reports a long-term field investigation of a fractured dolostone aquifer that was penetrated by a dense non-aqueous phase liquid. High-resolution source zone characterization shows the evolution of deep penetration to the back-diffusion conditions seen at the present day. Metolachlor, a common herbicide, was released into the overburden overlying a fractured dolostone aquifer within a short time window (1978–81). In 2000, the plume front arrived at a municipal supply well located 930 m down-gradient, increasing to a maximum concentration of 2 μg l –1 . Groundwater monitoring with high-resolution, depth-discrete multi-level sampling systems since 1992 shows a clearly delineated bedrock plume. Numerous rock core samples show metolachlor in the low-permeability rock matrix at the bottom of the aquifer. The mass distribution and bedrock hydraulic head pattern strongly suggest that metolachlor entered the bedrock as a free-phase dense non-aqueous phase liquid penetrating to the aquifer bottom, preferentially accumulating in some horizontal fractures, dissolving quickly as a result of the rapid groundwater flow and then diffusing into the rock matrix, where back-diffusion sustains a dilute, persistent and stable plume. Strong plume retardation by matrix diffusion and sorption has greatly mitigated the impact on water quality in the down-gradient supply well, allowing for its continued use, while back-diffusion and degradation maintain a persistent, dilute plume managed by appropriate monitoring.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free-radical reactivity parameters of 2,6-dimethoxystyrene (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1309-1312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160521
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of concentration and second polymer on elution volumes in gel permeation chromatography (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1295-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Shifts have been observed in the elution volumes of solutions of polystyrene, polybutadiene, and mixtures of the two in gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran as solvent. Such shifts are examined in terms of the effect on the hydrodynamic volumes of concentration, of molecular weight, and of the presence of an incompatible polymer. Suitable concentration ranges to minimize these shifts have been found.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260421
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatibility of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) in benzene. Effects of molecular weight and temperature (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 1995-2006 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The incompatibility of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) in benzene was examined at 20.1°, 40.0°, and 60.2°C. The incipient cloud points of solutions of equal weights of the two polymers were determined by a novel photometric method. Polystyrene samples with weight-average molecular weights in the range of 3.27 × 105 to 6.43 × 104 and poly(methyl methacrylate) samples with weight-average molecular weights in the range of 8.97 × 105 to 8.76 × 104 were used. Models describing the dependence on molecular weight of the critical concentration of a ternary polymer-polymer-solvent system, presented by Fuchs and by Kuhn et al., were examined in light of the experimental data. A modified model is proposed which gives an improved correlation of these results.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070150817
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of ethylene oxide through polymer films (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34 (1987), S. 1835-1859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The transport of gaseous ethylene oxide (EtO) in several polymer films is studied using the carrier gas method of measurement. Permeability, solubility, and diffusion coefficients describing ethylene oxide (EtO) transport in polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, Teflon-FEP copolymer, and polyethylene films have been obtained over a 30 Celsius degree range at a low concentration of EtO using the carrier gas method of measurement. The results indicate that the diffusion of EtO in polyethylene is independent of penetrant concentration over the range of concentrations used. However, concentration-independent diffusion could not be verified directly for the other films studied. Two different techniques of determining diffusion coefficients were used, and within the precision of the data both yield the same result. An excess enthalpy of solution for the solubility of EtO in Teflon-FEP copolymer was calculated, an observation that suggests that dual-mode sorption may be taking place.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070340505
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma-ray induced polymerization of styrene in the presence of methanol (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 2291-2304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics and molecular weight distributions (MWD) of the gamma-ray induced polymerization of styrene in methanol were studied at 35°C, at low conversions and over a dose rate range of 2.76 × 103 to 2.74 × 104 rad/hr. The data obtained at low initial methanol content agreed with previously obtained results and the MWD of the polystyrene formed yielded a single unimodal peak with M̄n in the range of 35,000-480,000. However, at high initial methanol content and low dose rates, at least three peaks were clearly discernible over wide molecular weight distributions. The existence of these peaks is related to the kinetic data and the formation of three distinguishable regions in the polymerization system.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170131011
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic graft copolymerization of polystyrene onto poly-2,6-dimethoxystyrene by the termination reaction (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 7 (1969), S. 333-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly-2,6-dimethoxystyrene (P26) was used as the polymeric backbone and was obtained by a new synthetic route involving the Wittig reaction. The grafting reaction was studied by polymerizing styrene with stannic chloride as catalyst in the presence of various concentrations of preformed P26 in solution with carbon tetrachloride and nitrobenzene at 60, 45, 30, and 0°C. The product was fractionated with cyclohexane and the fractions were analyzed by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and density-gradient ultracentrifugation. The molecular termination constant of P26 at 30°C was 0.106 much larger than the value of 0.016 which had been obtained for poly-p-methoxystyrene at 0°C. The amount of grafting and grafting efficiency generally increased with increasing temperature, contrary to results using the cationic initiation reaction. Anomalous results were obtained at 0°C as the product was no longer completely soluble. The ratio of grafted to ungrafted polystyrene chains was proportional to the concentration of P26 and generally increased with temperature. The grafting reaction was competitive with the normal termination reaction, and the energy of activation of the grafting reaction was estimated to be larger by ca. 7 kcal/mole.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.150070129
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