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  • cetacean  (2)
  • Frontiers Media  (1)
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (1)
  • Taylor & Francis
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  • Frontiers Media  (1)
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (1)
  • Taylor & Francis
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-09-29
    Description: Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive, contactless tool for measuring the thermal radiation emitted from an object’s surface. Combined with advancements in remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS, commonly “drones”), IRT is being used for detection, counting, and physiological studies of marine mammals. Critically endangered North Atlantic right whales (NARWs, Eubalaena glacialis) were observed in Cape Cod Bay, United States in 2017–2018 with RPAS-based IRT. We discuss four applications of RPAS-based IRT to study the thermal physiology of large whales: 1) exploring patterns of cranial heat loss; 2) tracking subsurface individuals in real-time using thermal “footprints” – cold surface water anomalies resulting from fluke upstrokes; 3) diagnosing pathology or detecting natural changes in superficial blood circulation; and 4) measuring blowhole temperatures as a proxy for internal body temperatures and possibly health of individual whales. IRT of NARW rostra demonstrated that the peri-callosity epithelium radiates more heat than other superficial cranial tissues; we hypothesize that the source of this heat is the underlying corpus cavernosum maxillaris. Thermal footprints were most visible on calm, sunny days, likely due to thermal stratification of the upper water column. A diffuse patch of heat on the caudal dorsum of one NARW may have been indicative of superficial changes in blood flow, potentially associated with pathology or heat dissipation. Finally, we emphasize the need to properly calibrate IRT data before interpreting temperatures of blowholes, although we do believe this technology could be used to approximate near-core body temperatures in the future. RPAS-based IRT presents a new, important opportunity to study and monitor large whales, particularly endangered species like NARWs. Despite the challenges of using aerial IRT in aquatic environments, we believe its applications in marine mammal research will continue to diversify.
    Description: This project was funded by National Marine Fisheries Service grant, NA14OAR4320158 and the North Pond Foundation.
    Keywords: drone ; cetacean ; health ; temperature ; right whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Moore, M. J., Mitchell, G. H., Rowles, T. K., & Early, G. Dead cetacean? beach, bloat, float, sink. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 333, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00333.
    Description: Variably buoyant, dead Cetacea may float, or sink and later bloat to refloat if ambient temperature and pressure allow sufficient decomposition gas formation and expansion. Mortality can result from acute or chronic disease, fishery entanglement, vessel collision, noxious noises, or toxicant spills. Investigators often face the daunting task of elucidating a complex series of events, in reverse order, from when and where an animal is found, and to diagnose the cause of death. Various scenarios are possible: an animal could die at sea remaining there or floating ashore, or strand on a beach alive, where it dies and, if cast high enough, remain beached to be scavenged or decompose. An animal that rests low on a beach may refloat again, through increased buoyancy from decomposition gas and favorable tides, currents, and wind. Here we review the factors responsible for the different outcomes, and how to recognize the provenance of a cetacean mortality found beached, or floating at sea. In conclusion, only some carcasses strand, or remain floating. Negatively buoyant animals that die at depth, or on the surface, and sink, may never surface, even after decomposition gas accumulation, as in cold, deep waters gas may fail to adequately reduce the density of a carcass, precluding it from returning to the surface.
    Keywords: cadaver ; beach ; sink ; float ; fate ; cetacean
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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