Publication Date:
2017-04-04
Description:
During the years 2013–2014, the New Southeast Crater (NSEC) at the summit of Mount Etna produced frequent
episodes of lava fountaining (paroxysms), and its cone continued to grow at unprecedented rates. Many of the
episodes were of rather brief duration and violently explosive, producing mostly pyroclastic material and
minor volumes of lava. Other episodes, especially those since mid-December 2013,were characterized by violent
Strombolian activity without producing sustained lava fountains and significant amounts of tephra, but emitting
more voluminous lava flows. One episode of intense Strombolian and effusive activity that was possibly fed from
the NSEC conduit occurred from vents located approximately 1 km north of the crater, on the east flank of the
Northeast Crater, in July–August 2014. The evolution of the NSEC cone between 2012 and 2014was documented
by repeated GPS surveys carried out both froma distance and on the cone itself, by the acquisition of comparison
photographs, and by two aerophotogrammetric surveys. Fromthese surveys the highest point of the NSEC results
to have grown from 190 m (May 2012) to ̴215 m (October 2014) above the pre-cone surface reaching an elevation
of 3290 m, and its volumemore than doubled to ̴50.0±6.5 × 106m3, representing the 40% of the total (bulk)
volume of the volcanic products including pyroclastic fallout erupted in 2011–2014, which is 147.2 × 106 m3
(101.3 × 106m3 dense-rock equivalent). Thewhole of the 2011–2014 NSEC activity marks an unusually high frequency
of rather explosive, tephra-rich eruptive episodes compared to Etna's activity in past decades and centuries,
although the average magma production rate in this interval is close to the supposed long-term output rate
of the volcano. The latest eruptive episodes showa tendency of theNSEC coalescingwith the old Southeast Crater
cone, which therefore represents a miniature example of a growing compound volcano at the summit of Etna.
Description:
Published
Description:
175-186
Description:
1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
Description:
JCR Journal
Description:
restricted
Keywords:
Etna, Summit eruptions, Pyroclastic cone, Volcano growth, Aerophotogrammetry, Lava and tephra, volume,
;
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
Repository Name:
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Type:
article
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