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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (7)
  • crystal structures  (5)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (12)
  • Elsevier
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 5 (1963), S. 331-345 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: These experiments show that ABS can be adsorbed and desorbed from microbial cell surfaces. The adsorption equilibria between the free and adsorbed phases are primarily influenced by the pH of the system. The effects of ABS upon the biochemical activities of bacteria depended upon the amount of ABS adsorbed and the type of bacteria present. The behaviour of ABS is essentially the same whether in the presence of pure or mixed bacterial cultures. Two desorption experiments with soil from a reclaimed water spreading basin which has received sewage over a six month period showed that at least 82% of the ABS “loss” was recoverable from the soil. In all the experiments carried out in this study no evidence was obtained for the biochemical degradation of ABS.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 83-96 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pyrite single-crystal cubes were cut, polished. and x-rayed to produce orientations of (100), (110), (111), and (112). These crystallographically developed surfaces then were prepared to expose an area of 1 cm2, and the remainder of the crystal was coated with an acid-resistant silicone cement. Crystals with representative orientations then were leached in ferric sulfate solutions adjusted to a pH of 2.3 with H2SO4 containing up to 6 × 103 ppm of Fe3+ at 30 and 55°C. Leaching was also conducted in acid-bacterial lixiviants containing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans at 30°C and a thermophilic microorganism at 55°C. Surface corrosion and pitting associated with pyrite leaching were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Pyrite leaching in ferric sulfate solutions was observed to be different when compared to acid-bacterial leaching. Ferric sulfate leaching required nearly 2 × 103 ppm of Fe3+ at 30°C while acid-bacterial leaching at 30°C occurred without additions of Fe3+, and values of Fe3+ never exceeded 102 ppm. Because of precipitate formation, an accurate assessment of the role of crystallographic orientation on the leaching of pyrite is difficult.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 367-372 
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Luciferin ; luciferase ; luciferin-O-phosphate ; bioluminescence ; firefly ; Photinus pyralis ; protein blotting ; nucleic acid hybridization ; reporter gene ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A relatively simple, very sensitive bioluminescence-enhanced detection system for protein blotting and nucleic acid hybridization is described. The method utilizes antibodies conjugated with alkaline phosphatase or nucleotide probes complexed with alkaline phosphatase. Then the alkaline phosphatase takes part in a reaction by releasing D-luciferin (Photinus pyralis) from D-luciferin-O-phosphate. Liberated D-luciferin reacts with luciferase, ATP and oxygen under light emission. Light is measured using the Argus-100 a photon counting camera system or photographic films. Bound alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibodies or hybridized nucleotide probes can be visualized. The limit of detection is at present 5 to 50 fg of protein (IgG), corresponding, for example to 30 to 300 × 10-21 mol. This means a much higher sensitivity of the detection system in comparison to systems used at present. Experiments concerning nucleic acid hybridization and visualization of the emitted light by a photon counting camera (Argus-100) are under investigation.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Neutrophil function ; oxidative burst ; chemiluminescence ; diabetes mellitus ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this study neutrophil (PMN) phagocytic capacity was investigated using a conventional radiometric ingestion assay (IN) in comparison with PMN respiratory burst activity assessed by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LCL) in response to phorbolesters and LCL induction during phagocytosis of opsonized Staphylococous aureus (STLCL) in diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. PMN ingestion was measured with 3H-thymidine-labelled S. aureus in a kinetic radiometric assay. LCL and STLCL were assessed in a parallel detecting microtitre-plate luminometer (MTP-Reader). PMN of diabetic subjects showed a highly significant reduction of peak LCL in response to PMA as well as during phagocytosis of S. aureus (STLCL) compared to non-diabetic controls (p〈0.001 respectively). PMN ingestion in diabetic patients (51.8±4.6%) was significantly reduced compared to controls (78.3±6.2%) (p〈0.01). The in vitro data displayed impaired PMN oxidative burst activity at glucose concentrations ≥ 13.8mmol/L, whereas PMN IN was significantly reduced at glucose levels ≥27.75mmol/L. The control group showed a positive correlation of peak LCL response and IN (p〈0.05) but not of STCL and IN; in diabetic patients this was also true, but did not reach statistical significance. The data obtained in this study clearly demonstrated impaired PMN respiratory burst activity and markedly reduced phagocytic PMN functions in diabetic patients ex vivo and in vitro as measured by LCL and by ingestion of 3H-thymidine-labelled S. aureus suggesting inhibitory effects of elevated glucose concentrations on various PMN-functions, which might be of clinical importance concerning altered host defence.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple, rapid sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method is presented for isolating the α, α' and β subunits of rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase. The SDS-PAGE procedure can yield milligram amounts of α and β from a single preparative gel and also allows isolation of the α' isozyme free of α. Notably the method provides the purified subunits in a form amenable to structural analysis. Edman degradation of α and α' reveal identical NH2-terminal structures. Amino acid analysis of the electrophoretically purified α and β subunits are in good agreement with their deduced primary structures. The amino acid sequence of 488 residues in α and 713 residues in β were determined by gas phase Edman degradation. The data support the recently deduced primary structures of α (Zander et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1988, 85, 2929-2933) and of β (Kilimann et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1988, 85, 9381-9385).
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: ATPase ; Bacteria ; Sequence data analysis ; Elongation factor Tu ; Phylogeny ; Tree reconstruction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Comparative sequence analysis of small subunit rRNA is currently one of the most important methods for the elucidation of bacterial phylogeny as well as bacterial identification. Phylogenetic investigations targeting alternative phylogenetic markers such as large subunit rRNA, elongation factors, and ATPases have shown that 16S rRNA-based trees reflect the history of the corresponding organisms globally. However, in comparison with three to four billion years of evolution the phylogenetic information content of these markers is limited. Consequently, the limited resolution power of the marker molecules allows only a spot check of the evolutionary history of microorganisms. This is often indicated by locally different topologies of trees based on different markers, data sets or the application of different treeing approaches. Sequence peculiarities as well as methods and parameters for data analysis were studied with respect to their effects on the results of phylogenetic investigations. It is shown that only careful data analysis starting with a proper alignment, followed by the analysis of positional variability, rates and character of change, testing various data selections, applying alternative treeing methods and, finally, performing confidence tests, allows reasonable utilization of the limited phylogenetic information.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 607 (1992), S. 177-182 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Tin(IV) complexes ; syntheses ; IR-UV-VIS ; Mössbauer spectra ; crystal structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tin(IV) Complexes with Tridentate Diacidic LigandsBy template reactions including bis(acetylacetonato)-dichloro-tin(IV) and O-aminophenol as well as o-aminothiophenol, benzoylhydrazine, and thiobenzoylhydrazine the tin chelates of tridentate diacidic ligands containing ligator atoms were prepared. To characterize the compound, IR, UV-VIS and Mössbauer spectroscopy were used. Crystal structure analyses demonstrate the existence of disturbed octahedral structures.Bis[acetylacetonbenzoylhydrazonato(2-)]tin(IV): space group P21/c, Z = 4, 2501 observed unique reflections, R = 0.045. Lattice dimensions at 20°C: a = 992.3, b = 2405.5, c = 1071.8pm, β = 116.94°.Bis[acetylacetonthiobenzoylhydrazonato(2-)] tin(IV): space group P21/c, Z = 4, 3603 observed unique reflections, R= 0.029. Lattice dimensions at 20°C: a = 1581.5, b = 947.8, c = 1644.9pm, β = 90.32°.
    Notes: Durch Template-Reaktionen von Bis(acetylacetonato)-dichloro-zinn(IV) mit o-Aminophenol, o-Aminothiophenol, Benzoylhydrazin und Thiobenzoylhydrazin wurden die Zinnchelate dreizähniger diacider Liganden mit- Ligatoratomen dargestellt. Die Charakterisierung der Substanzen erfolgte durch IR-, UV-VIS-und Mößbauer-Spektroskopie. Die Röntgenkristallstrukturanalysen erweisen das Vorliegen verzerrt-oktaedrischer Strukturen.Bis[acetylacetonthiobenzoylhydrazonato(2-)] zinn(IV): Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 4, 2501 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 4,5%. Gitterabmessungen bei 20°C: a = 992, 3; b = 2405,5; c = 1071, 8pm, β=116,94°.Bis[acetylacetonbenzoylhydrazonato(2-)] zinn(IV): Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 4, 3603 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 2,9%. Gitterabmessungen bei 20°C: a = 1581, 5; b = 947,8; c = 1644,9pm, β=90,32°.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Vanadium Complexes ; syntheses ; EPR spec-tra, absorption spectra ; crystal structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vanadium Complexes with Tridentate Diacidic Ligands. The Crystal Structures of Bis[acetylacetonato-thiobenzoylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(IV), Methoxo-oxo-[salicylaldehyd-thiobenzoylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V), and Methoxo-oxo-[salicylaldehydbenzoylhydrazonato(2-)]methanol Vanadium(V)By template reactions of bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) and bis(salicylaldehydato)oxo-vanadium(IV), respectively, with benzoylhydrazine, thiobenzoylhydrazine, and 2-aminophenol the vanadium(IV) complexes V(LLL)2 of tridentate azomethine ligands LLL were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by EPR spectroscopy and by absorption spectroscopy. From the complex V(LLL)2 (1), in which LLL is acetyl-aceton-thiobenzoydrazonate(2-), the crystal structure analysis was solved. The vanadium atom in 1 is coordinated trigonal-prismatically by two N, 0 and S atoms. Furthermore, the 0x0 vanadium(V) complexes[VO(LLL)(OCH,)] (6) with LLL = salicylaldehyd-thio-benzoylhydrazonato(2-) and [VO(LLL)(OCH3)· -CH3OH] (7) with LLL = salicylaldehydbenzoylhydrazonato(2-) were identified by X-ray diffraction and by IR spectroscopy in the reaction products.Crystallographic data for 1, 6, and 7 see „Inhaltsübersicht“.
    Notes: Durch template-Reaktionen von Bis(acetylacetonato)-oxovanadium(IV) bzw. Bis(salicylaldehydato)-oxovanadium(IV) mit Benzoylhydrazin, Thiobenzoylhydrazin und 2-Aminophenol wurden die Vanadium(IV)-komplexe V(LLL)2 mit den dreizähnigen diaciden Azomethinliganden LLL synthetisiert. Die Komplexe werden durch ihre EPR-Spektren und durch die Absorptionsspektren charakterisiert; von dem Komplex V(LLL)2 (1) mit LLL = acetylaceton-thiobenzoylhydrazonato(2-) wurde eine Kristallstrukturanalyse angefertigt. Danach ist das Vanadiumatom trigonal-prismatisch von je zwei S-, O- und N-Atomen des Liganden LLL umgeben. In den Reaktionsprodukten wurden daneben röntgenstrukturanalytisch und IR-spektroskopisch die Oxovanadium(V)-komplexe [VO(LLL)(OCH3)] (6) mit LLL = salicylaldehyd-thiobenzoylhydrazonato(2-) und [VO(LLL)(OCH3)] · CH3OH (7) mit LLL = salicylaldehydbenzoylhydrazonato(2-) identifiziert.1: Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 4, 1205 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 4,8%. Gitterabmessungen bei 20°C: a = 923,1(2); b = 1156,2(2); c = 2341,3(5) pm; β = 101,30(3).6: Raumgruppe P21/n, Z = 4, 1872 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 4,4%. Gitterabmessungen bei 20°C: a = 742,2(1); b = 1148,0(1); c = 1787,8(2) pm, β = 96,48(1)°. Das Vanadiumatom in 6 ist verzerrt tetragonal-pyramidal koordiniert mit dem Oxoliganden in Apical-Position.7: Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 4, 992 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 5,9%. Gitterabmessungen bei 20°C: a = 816,6(2); b = 1698,6(3), c = 1224,1(2) pm; β = 104,20(3)°. Das Vanadiumatom in 7 ist verzerrt oktaedrisch koordiniert mit dem O-Atom des Methanol-Moleküls in trans-Stellung zum Oxoliganden.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 611 (1992), S. 158-164 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxo-sulfato-vanadates(V) ; syntheses ; crystal structures ; Raman spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation, Raman Spectra, and Crystal Structures of V2O3(SO4)2, K[VO(SO4)2], and NH4[VO(SO4)2]The oxo-sulfato-vanadates(V) V2O3(SO4)2, K[VO(SO4)2], and NH4[VO(SO4)2] have been prepared as crystals suitable for X-ray structure determination. In all structures sulfate acts as an unidentate ligand only toward a single vanadium atom. The structure of V2O3(SO4)2 consists of a threedimensional network of pairs of cornershared VO6 octahedra with one terminal oxygen atom each, and SO4 tetrahedra. All oxygen atoms of the sulfate ions are coordinated. NH4[VO(SO4)2] and K[VO(SO4)2] are isostructural. VO6 octahedra with one terminal oxygen atom and pairs of sulfate tetrahedra form infinite chains by corner sharing. The chains are weakly interlinked to layers. The sulfate ions are distorted towards planar SO3 molecules and single oxygen atoms attached to vanadium. This structural detail gives an explanation for the mechanism of the reversible reaction K[VO(SO4)2] ⇄ K[VO2(SO4)] + SO3 at 400°C. Raman spectra of the compounds have been recorded and interpreted with respect to their structures.Crystal data: V2O3(SO4)2, monoclinic, space group P21/a, a = 947.2(4), b = 891.3(3), c= 989.1(4) pm, β = 104.56(3)°, Z = 4, 878 unique data, R(Rw) = 0.039(0,033); K[VO(SO4)2], orthorhombic, space group P212121, a = 495.3(2), b = 869.6(9), c = 1 627(1)pm, Z = 4, 642 unique data, R(Rw) = 0,11(0,10); NH4[VO(SO4)2], orthorhombic, space group P212121, a = 495.3(1), b = 870.0(2), c = 1 676.7(4)pm, Z = 4, 768 unique data, R(Rw) = 0.088(0.083).
    Notes: Die Oxo-sulfato-vanadate(V)V2O3(SO4)4, K[VO(SO4)2] und NH4[VO(SO4)2] wurden dargestellt und ihre Strukturen röntgenographisch ermittelt. Die Struktur von V2O3(SO4)2 besteht aus einem dreidimensionalen Netzwerk von SO4-Tetraedern und Paaren eckenverknüpfter VO6-Oktaeder. Die Sauerstoffatome der Sulfationen sind an vier verschiedene Vanadinatome koordiniert. K[VO(SO4)2] und NH4[VO(SO4)2] sind isostrukturell. VO6-Oktaeder, mit einem endständigen Sauerstoffatom, und Paare von SO4-Tetraedern sind über Ecken zu Ketten verknüpft. Diese bilden über weitere gemeinsame Ecken Schichten. Die Sulfationen sind in Richtung planarer SO3- Moleküle und eines Sauerstoffatoms, das an Vanadium gebunden ist, verzerrt. Dies gibt eine Erklärung für den Mechanismus der bei 400°C reversiblen Reaktion K[VO(SO4)2] ⇄ K[VO2(SO4)] + SO3. Die Ramanspektren der genannten Verbindungen wurden gemessen und zugeordnet.Kristalldaten: V2O3(SO4)2, monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/a, a = 947,2(4), b = 891,3(3), c = 989,1(4)pm, β = 104,56(3)°, Z = 4, 878 unabhängige Reflexe, R(Rw) = 0,039(0,033); K[VO(SO4)2], orthorhombisch, Raumgruppe P212121, a = 495,3(2), b = 869,6(9), c = 1627(1) pm, Z = 4, 642 unabhängige Reflexe, R(RW) = 0,11(0,10); NH4[VO(SO4)2], orthorhombisch, Raumgruppe P212121, a = 495,3(1), b = 870,0(2), c = 1676,7(4) pm, Z = 4, 768 unabhängige Reflexe, R(Rw) = 0, 088(0,083).
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Vanadium(IV) complexes ; syntheses ; crystal structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions and Thermal Behaviour of Nonoxo Vanadium(IV) Complexes. Crystal Structures of Methoxo-oxo[thenoyltrifluoroacetone-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) and Methoxo-oxo[benzoylacetone-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V)The persistence of non-oxo vanadium(IV) complexes in dichlormethane/methanol/water solutions was studied by UV/VIS spectroscopy. The reaction products methoxo-oxo-[thenoyltrifluoroacetone-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) and methoxo-oxo[benzoylacetone-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) were isolated and characterized by X-ray analysis. The thermal behaviour of non-oxo vanadium(IV) complexes was checked.
    Notes: Die Beständigkeit oxofreier Vanadium(IV)-Komplexe mit dreizähnigen diaciden Liganden in Dichlormethan/Methanol/Wasser wurde UV/VIS-spektroskopisch untersucht. Als Reaktionsprodukte wurden Methoxo-oxo-[thenoyl-trifluoraceton-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) sowie Methoxo-oxo-[benzoylaceton-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) isoliert und röntgenstrukturanalytisch charakterisiert. Das thermische Verhalten der oxofreien Vanadium(IV)-Komplexe wurde analysiert.Methoxo-oxo-[thenoyltrifluoraceton-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]-vanadium(V), Raumgruppe P21/a2, Z = 4, 3 124 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 0,0579, Gitterabmessungen bei 25°C; a = 800,0(2) pm, b = 2 027,3(6) pm, c = 1 165,0(3) pm, β = 109,03(2)° Methoxo-oxo-[benzoylaceton-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 4, 2 312 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 0,031, Gitterabmessungen bei 25°C: a = 1 122,6(1) pm, b = 772,96(9) pm, c = 2 021,2(4) pm, β = 95,32(1)°.
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