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  • Copernicus  (3)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-09-21
    Description: Iceberg discharge from the Greenland Ice Sheet accounts for up to half of the freshwater flux to surrounding fjords and ocean basins, yet the spatial distribution of iceberg meltwater fluxes is poorly understood. One of the primary limitations for mapping iceberg meltwater fluxes, and changes over time, is the dearth of iceberg submarine melt rate estimates. Here we use a remote sensing approach to estimate submarine melt rates during 2011–2016 for 637 icebergs discharged from seven large marine-terminating glaciers fringing the Greenland Ice Sheet. We find that spatial variations in iceberg melt rates generally follow expected patterns based on hydrographic observations, including a general decrease in melt rate with latitude and an increase in melt rate with iceberg draft. We do not resolve coherent temporal variations in iceberg melt rates across all study sites, though we attribute a four-fold increase in iceberg melt rates from March to April 2011 near Jakobshavn Isbræ's terminus to rapid fjord circulation changes induced by the seasonal onset of iceberg calving. Overall, our results suggest that remotely-sensed iceberg melt rates can be used to characterize spatial and temporal variations in oceanic forcing near marine-terminating glaciers, including regions largely inaccessible for in situ study.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0440
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-04-17
    Description: Links between climate and glacier surges are not well understood, but are required to enable prediction of glacier surges and mitigation of associated hazards. Here, we investigate the role of snow accumulation and temperature on surge periodicity, glacier area changes, and timing of surge initiation since the 1930s for Donjek Glacier, Yukon, Canada. Snow accumulation measured in three ice cores collected at Eclipse Icefield, at the head of the glacier, indicate that a cumulative accumulation of 13.1–17.7 m w.e. of snow occurred in the 10–12 years between each of its last eight surges. This suggests that a cumulative accumulation threshold must be passed before the initiation of a surge event, although it remains unclear whether the relationship between cumulative snowfall and surging is due to the consistency in repeat surge interval and decadal average precipitation, or if it is indeed a prerequisite to surging. We also examined the 1968 to 2017 climate record from Burwash Landing, 30 km from the glacier, to determine whether a relationship exists between surge periodicity and an increase of 2.5 °C in mean annual air temperature over this period. No such relationship was found, although each of the past 8 surge events has been less extensive than the previous, with the terminus area approximately 7.96 km2 smaller after the 2012–2014 surge event compared to the ~ 1947 surge event. This study shows that the impacts of climate and surging is not yet understood and suggests that internal glacier processes may play a more important role in controlling glacier surge events.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0440
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-02-20
    Description: Iceberg discharge from the Greenland Ice Sheet accounts for up to half of the freshwater flux to surrounding fjords and ocean basins, yet the spatial distribution of iceberg meltwater fluxes is poorly understood. One of the primary limitations for mapping iceberg meltwater fluxes, and changes over time, is the dearth of iceberg submarine melt rate estimates. Here we use a remote sensing approach to estimate submarine melt rates during 2011–2016 for 637 icebergs discharged from seven marine-terminating glaciers fringing the Greenland Ice Sheet. We find that spatial variations in iceberg melt rates generally follow expected patterns based on hydrographic observations, including a decrease in melt rate with latitude and an increase in melt rate with iceberg draft. However, we find no longitudinal variations in melt rates within individual fjords. We do not resolve coherent seasonal to interannual patterns in melt rates across all study sites, though we attribute a 4-fold melt rate increase from March to April 2011 near Jakobshavn Isbræ to fjord circulation changes induced by the seasonal onset of iceberg calving. Overall, our results suggest that remotely sensed iceberg melt rates can be used to characterize spatial and temporal variations in oceanic forcing near often inaccessible marine-terminating glaciers.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0424
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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