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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and tacticity characterization of a novel series of liquid crystalline side chain polymers with oligo(ethylene oxide) spacers (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 2001-2009 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A novel series of liquid crystalline side chain polymers containing oligo(ethylene oxide) spacers was synthesized and characterized. These included acrylates, methacrylates, and methacrylate copolymers. Although all polymers were polymerized free radically, NMR tacticity studies showed a systematic variation of the observed tacticity of the methacrylate series, the isotactic content decreasing with increasing spacer length. The data indicate that the spacer length and mesogenic group play a role in determining microstructure during polymerization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880822
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and polymerization of 2-alkylanilines (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 2123-2127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: o-alklyaniline ; poly(o-alklyaniline) ; conducting polymer ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Alkylanilines with alkyl groups in the range of 4-15 carbon atoms were synthesized via a known method as well as via a more general path which should allow the introduction of a larger variety of substituted alkyl groups into the ortho position of aniline, e.g., alkenyl or OH, NH2, COOH, and phenyl functionality. Polymerization was found to be achievable according to a method previously described for unsubstituted aniline, i.e., chemically with Cu(ClO4)2 · 6H2O in acetonitrile. Intrinsic viscosities of the obtained poly(2-alkylaniline)s lay between 0.10 and 0.26 dL/g (97% H2SO4 at 30°C). The dc conductivity of the HCl salts decreased with increasing length of the alkyl side chains from 1 S/cm (polyaniline) over 3 X 10-4 S/cm [poly(2-butylaniline)] to 1 X 10-6 S/cm poly(tridecylaniline). Further characterization of the polymers were performed by means of UV/VIS/NIR-and-IR spectroscopy, in dilute solutions or as KBr pellets, respectively, and by solubility tests. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310818
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomass photochemistry: XII. Chemical and photochemical pretreatment of rice hull and its fungal degradation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 564-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320420
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomass photochemistry: XI. Photochemical pretreatment of cellulose and its fungal degradation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to study the single-cell proteins and cellulase production, fungal degradation of α-cellulose was tested. Photochemical pretreatment of α-cellulose at λ 〉 254 nm increases by over 100% the cellulase production by Chrysonilia sitophila (TFB strain). This is reflected in a larger production of soluble proteins in the filtrate with higher cellulase activity when compared with unirradiated cellulose. Single-cell protein production (insoluble proteins) was also improved after preirradiation of cellulose or even on rice hull as the only carbon source after inoculation with the spore of C. sitophila. This pretreatment is a valuable method for increasing the digestibility of lignocellulosic materials.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310306
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mixed-integer nonlinear programming algorithm for process systems synthesis (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 592-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of synthesizing processing systems via simultaneous structural and parameter optimization is addressed in this paper. Based on a superstructure representation for embedding alternative configurations, a general mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) framework is presented for the synthesis problem. An efficient outer-approximation algorithm is described for the solution of the underlying optimization problem, which is characterized by linear binary variables and continuous variables that appear in nonlinear functions. The proposed algorithm is based on a bounding sequence that requires the analysis of few system configurations, and the solution of a master problem that identifies new candidate structures. Application of the proposed algorithm is illustrated with the optimal synthesis of gas pipelines.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320408
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solution on activated carbon: Influence of pH and preozonization (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 15 (1992), S. 124-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption of p-nitrophenol (PNP) from an NaOH, H3PO4-buffered, aqueous solution on activated carbon was studied at pH 2, 7, and 8.5. Comparative studies were then carried out on ozonized carbon and ozonized PNP solution. In the latter case, PNP adsorption was performed from an ozonized solution, and also after exposing the activated carbon to the ozonized PNP solution for 24 h. At acid pH, PNP adsorption was found to be markedly higher than at neutral and weakly basic pH's. Ozonization of carbon affects the results only at pH 7 and 8.5. Ozonization of PNP led to a small decrease in adsorption, irrespective of the method of contect between carbon and ozonization reaction products. The rate was faster at acid than at basic pH, and the ozonization speeded up the adsorption slightly but only at pH 8.5. Application of a mathematical model indicated that mass transfer in bulk solution controls the rate of adsorption.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270150209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous optimization and heat integration of chemical processes (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 123-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure is proposed for simultaneously handling the problem of optimal heat integration while performing the optimization of process flow sheets. The method is based on including a set of constraints into the nonlinear process optimization problem so as to insure that the minimum utility target for heat recovery networks is featured. These heat integration constraints, which do not require temperature intervals for their definition, are based on a proposed representation for locating pinch points that can vary according to every set of process stream conditions (flow rates and temperatures) selected in the optimization path. The underlying mathematical formulations correspond to nondifferentiable optimization problems, and an efficient smooth approximation method is proposed for their solution. An example problem on a chemical process is presented to illustrate the economic savings that can be obtained with the proposed simultaneous approach. The method reduces to simple models for the case of fixed flow rates and temperatures.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320114
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast atom bombardment/collisional activation mass spectrometry of β-D-mannosyl-(1→4)-β-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl (1→N) urea and related compounds (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988), S. 95-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new compound, obtained during the isolation of oligosaccharides from the urine of two brothers affected with inherited β-mannosidase deficiency, has been investigated using fast atom bombardment ionization and MS/MS techniques. The compound could be characterized as an N-acetylglucosamine molecule linked to a hexose and a urea molecule.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290020508
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemically mediated polymerization of 2-pentadecylaniline confined to a planar liquid-liquid interface (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 2011-2021 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Spreading, isotherms and polymerization of 2-pentadecylaniline at a planar aqueous electrolyte-organic interface were examined by monitoring the interfacial pressure employing the Wilhelmy-plate method. These results indicate the presence of monomer confined to the interface. Application of a voltage across the interface using stainless steel electrodes results in polymerization to form an electroactive polymer. The interfacial polymerization appears to be effected by metal ions formed by oxidation of the anode that have diffused into the aqueous electrolyte. This phenomenon is dependent on the nature of the electrode material as successful polymerization was not observed with other electrode materials. The polymer formed was soluble in polar organic liquids, was green in its reduced state and blue in its oxidized state, when oxidized and reduced chemically or electrochemically as a thin film. Cyclic voltammetry of the polymer indicates one reversible redox process suggesting that there are only two different oxidation states available, i.e., the equivalent to leucoemeraldine cannot be formed with poly(2-pentadecylaniline) in a thin film. However, the fully reduced yellow leucoemeraldine can be formed in chloroform solution by hydrazine reduction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960620
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of coupling agents on the mechanical properties of polymer-impregnated mortars (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2151-2165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An investigation has been carried out for determining the effect of coupling agents on the mechanical properties of polymer-impregnated mortars. Mortar specimens were impregnated with methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer and α, α-azobis-isobutyronitrile initiator, and polymerized thermally in water. Three titanate coupling agents, KR-33CS, KR-55, and KR-138s, and one silane coupling agent, the A-174, were used for the investigation. Varying amounts of coupling agent were used in impregnating the mortars in situ or in pretreating the mortars with a solvent system. Bulk polymerization of MMA shows no appreciable influence of the coupling agents in the reaction kinetics; however, with the exception of KR-138S, all polymers obtained in the presence of coupling agents came out as insolble. Similar results were obtained for polymers extracted with acetone from mortars. The mechanical property results show an improvement of properties in mortars containing 5.0 vol% of KR-33CS and A-174 after impregnation in situ. A slightly better improvements of mechanical properties were obtained by pretreating the mortar specimens with acetone or toluene/xylene containing coupling agents. Microscopic observation of the fracture surface showed no noticeable difference in the surfaces prepared with and without coupling agents.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270626
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