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  • viscosity  (41)
  • high pressure  (23)
  • Seismology
  • Springer  (53)
  • Oxford University Press  (11)
  • Copernicus
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of polysaccharide slime by microbial mats in the hypersaline environment of a Western Australian solar saltfield (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 5 (1996), S. 103-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: cyanobacteria ; gypsum ; saltfield ; slime ; Synechococcus ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Of the many microorganisms present in the hypersline environment of the saltfield studied, the cyanobacteriumSynechococcus was found to be the major producer of polysaccharide slime. When dissolved in the brine, this slime caused elevated brine viscosities which impaired the quality of the salt crystallised from such brine.Synechococcus was present in benthic microbial mats throughout the 6 concentrating ponds of the saltfield, but it dominated in the ponds where brine density was above 1.10 g cm−3, corresponding to the saturation density of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). At such density,Synechococcus was always associated with copious amounts of slime. At lower density, the nature of the substratum over which the mat was growing affected the slime content and productivity of the mat, presumably relatively to its ability to supply nutrients to the mat. Under laboratory conditions, the addition of gypsum stimulated the growth ofSynechococcus in the presence of excess phosphate (〉15 mg L−1 PO4-P). Slime production however was not stimulated by high salinity, addition of (CaSO4·2H2O), NaSO4 or nitrate deficiency. Only as cultures entered a stationary phase of growth did slime production increase. It was concluded that a nutrient limitation was probably responsible for the activation of extracellular polysaccharide production, possibly as a means of disposing of excess photosynthetically fixed carbon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01995826
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of molecular weight on the rheological properties of poly(dimethylsiloxane) filled with fumed silica (1986)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 25 (1986), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Filled polymer ; viscosity ; normal stress ; stress growth ; stress relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The viscometric, stress relaxation, and stress growth rheological properties were measured for various molecular weight PDMS fluids filled with fumed silica. The stress growth function exhibited significant overshoot, when the continuous phase molecular weight was slightly greater than the entanglement molecular weight; however, significant overshoot peaks were not observed, when the continuous phase molecular weight was less than or much greater than the molecular weight between entanglements. The experimentally observed transient rheological properties are rationalized in terms of a molecular model, where interparticle interactions occur via entanglements of the polymer adsorbed on the silica surface. When the molecular weight of the adsorbed polymer is greater than the entanglement molecular weight, the strength of the interparticle interaction will increase substantially and the particle diffusivity will substantially decrease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01332133
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions at high temperatures: Needs, methods, and challenges (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 11 (1990), S. 399-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: aqueous solutions ; chemical industry ; Debye-Hückel limiting law ; excess properties ; geology ; Helmholtz free energy ; high pressure ; high temperature ; power industry ; standard states
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Needs exist for thermophysical data on aqueous solutions at high temperatures and pressures in many different areas of science and engineering. These needs are reviewed and references are given to recent relevant conference proceedings, reviews, and papers. Aspects and drawbacks are discussed of current methods, which are most often extensions to high temperatures of methods developed for liquid water. The challenges posed by engineering needs and by new phenomena resulting from experimental breakthroughs are discussed. Some examples are given of alternative approaches more suitable for highly compressible media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133570
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A vibrating-wire densimeter for liquids at high pressures: The density of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane from 298.15 to 348.15 K and up to 100 MPa (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 15 (1994), S. 229-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: density ; high pressure ; isooctane ; 2,2,4-trimethylpentane ; vibrating-wire densimeter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new apparatus for the measurement of liquid densities at high pressures is presented. The instrument is a development of a vibrating-wire densimeter described earlier and uses the buoyancy force exerted by the sample fluid on an immersed buoy to alter the tension of a wire from which it is suspended. The tension of the wire is related to its resonant frequency under steady-state transverse vibrations through a rigorous theoretical model which includes a complete analysis of the hydrodynamic effect of the fluid surrounding the wire. The present instrument uses a new design for the measuring cell with the purpose of relieving the degeneracy of perpendicular oscillation modes of the vibrating wire. The modifications lead to a significant increase in the precision of the results. Tests performed on the new apparatus and the operating procedure used, which requires the determination of one cell parameter from one density datum at atmospheric pressure, are described. New results for the density of liquid 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at temperatures from 298.15 to 348.15 K and pressures up to 100 MPa are presented. The data obtained have a precision of ±0.05% at a 2a level and an estimated accuracy of approximately ±0.1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01441584
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of an accurate vibrating-wire densimeter: Density and viscosity of liquids over wide ranges of temperature and pressure (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 17 (1996), S. 781-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: cyclohexane ; density ; liquid ; pVT ; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethanc (R134a) ; 2.2.4-trimelthylpentane ; vibrating-wire densimeter ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new vibrating-wire instrument for the meaasurement of the density of fluids at high pressures was described in a previous paper. The technique makes use of the buoyancy force on a solid sinker and detect, this force with a vibrating wire placed inside the measuring cell. Owing to the simple geometry of the oscillating element there exists a complete theoretical description of its resonance characteristics. enabling the calculation of the density of the fluid from their measurement. In the present paper a new method for the determination of the cell constants is outlined which permits the operation of the densimeter essentially as an absolute instrument. Furthermore. it is shown that the viscosity ol the fluid can be measured Simultaneously with the density. New results for three fluids are presented: for cyclohexane at temperatures from 298 to 348 K and pressures up to 40 MPa. for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane between 197 and 348 K at 0.1 MPa, and for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane from 197 to 298 K close to saturation. The sets of measurements where chosen with the intention of testing the performance of the apparatus. complementing previous work at higher pressures. The densities and viscosities measured exhibit the same accuracy for all of the three fluids over the entire temperature and pressure ranges and were obtained using the same set of cell parameters The precision of the densities is ±0.03% and their estimated accuracy is ±0.05%. File viscosities have a precision of ±0.6%, and an estimated accuracy of ±2%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01439190
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The viscosities and densities of selected organic compounds and mixtures of interest in coal liquefaction studies (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 7 (1986), S. 599-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: corresponding states ; decalin ; density ; m-cresol ; m-xylene ; 1-methylnaphthalene ; quinoline ; tetrahydrofuran ; tetralin ; thiophene ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Experimental measurements are presented for the density and viscosity of selected organic compounds and mixtures at ambient pressure (0.083 MPa) and at temperatures of 298, 318, 338, and 358 K. The compounds studied were decalin, 1-methylnaphthalene, tetralin, m-xylene, tetrahydrofuran, thiophene, quinoline 2,6-lutidine, and m-cresol. Measurements were also made on three mixtures of the compounds decalin, 1-methylnaphthalene, tetralin, m-xylene, and m-cresol. The experimental results are compared with predictions made using a modified corresponding states procedure called TRAPP. The density predictions for the individual compounds and mixtures are good in all cases. For the viscosity, however, the predictions are in reasonable agreement with experiment only for nonassociating compounds and mixtures at reduced densities less than 3. These results suggest that TRAPP may prove very useful as a screening test to distinguish between nonassociating and highly associating mixtures. Such a test would be extremely useful when dealing with mixtures of unknown composition, such as coal liquids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502393
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of shear viscosity and non-Newtonian behavior in the soft-sphere liquid (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 9 (1988), S. 1041-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: non-Newtonian phenomena ; pair correlation function ; relaxation time ; soft-sphere liquid ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We show that a shear rate-dependent viscosity coefficient, normal pressure differences, and shear dilatancy can be predicted in a soft-sphere liquid given only the equilibrium radial distribution function and a relaxation time. Calculations are made using the relaxation-time theory of Hess and Hanley, and the results are compared with simulation data from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133271
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The shear viscosity and mutual diffusion coefficients of binary mixtures using the modified Enskog Theory (1989)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 10 (1989), S. 963-971 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: argon ; diffusion ; Enskog theory ; helium ; krypton ; mixtures ; modified Enskog theory ; neon ; virial coefficients ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We use an extended form of the modified Enskog Theory (MET) to calculate viscosity and mutual diffusion coefficients for several binary mixtures. Second and third virial coefficients are required for the calculations. We find that the extended MET provides predictions of the shear viscosity for He-Ar and Ne-Ar mixtures with an accuracy of 2% at densities up to 6 mol · L−1. Extended MET values of mutual diffusion coefficients of binary mixtures in which the mole fraction of one component approaches zero were calculated for He-Ar and Kr-Ar mixtures. The MET values fall within 10–15% of the experimental data at densities up to 11 mol · L−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00503165
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophysical properties of solid and liquid beryllium (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 14 (1993), S. 427-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: beryllium ; electrical resistivity ; enthalpy ; high pressure ; high temperature ; isobaric expansion ; liquid metals ; sound velocity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A submillisecond resistive heating technique under high pressure (0.12 GPa) has been used to measure selected thermophysical properties of both solid and liquid beryllium. Data have been obtained between room temperature and 2900 K. Results on enthalpy, volume expansion, electrical resistivity, and sound velocity measurements are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566042
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure tensor and viscosity coefficients of a soft sphere liquid under shear (1983)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 4 (1983), S. 97-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: nonequilibrium molecular dynamics ; non-Newtonian effects ; radial distribution function ; Theological behavior ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract General properties and consequences of the distortion of the structure of a simple liquid subjected to a planar shear flow are reported. In particular, the orientational distribution of particles in the first coordination shell around a given particle is analyzed, and the effect of this distribution on the pressure tensor is discussed. The distorted distribution gives rise to a set of non-Newtonian viscosity coefficients reflecting the occurrence of normal pressure differences in the liquid. Numerical values of these viscosities are given for a soft sphere fluid at 7/8 of the freezing density using the technique of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. A wide range of shear rates is considered and all viscosity coefficients are found to be functions of the shear rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500134
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