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  • thermal conductivity  (40)
  • DSC  (23)
  • Seismology
  • Springer  (65)
  • Oxford University Press  (11)
  • Copernicus
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal investigation of PEG 4000 — oxazepam binary system (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 1743-1753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DSC ; HSM ; oxazepam ; PEG 4000 ; solid dispersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A thermal study using DSC and Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) was carried out to investigate the interaction in solid state of the binary system PEG 4000 — oxazepam, and to establish their phase diagram. The eutectic composition, which melting occurs at lower temperature as compared with the pure components, has been determined. The results obtained by DSC and HSM have indicated that PEG 4000 — oxazepam mixtures displays no obvious incompatibilities, and that the system shows a typical eutectic behaviour. However because of the closeness of the melting of PEG 4000 to the eutectic temperature, it was difficult to determine precisely the eutectic composition and temperature on the basis of DSC measurements alone. The use of heats of fusion corresponding to physical mixtures allowed an estimation of the eutectic composition at 6% w/w oxazepam. Additional information of temperature (57.6
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01980920
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal characterization of polyethylene glycols applied in the pharmaceutical technology using differential scanning calorimetry and hot stage microscopy (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 46 (1996), S. 291-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DSC ; pharmaceutical technology ; polymer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In the present study, the effect of the molecular weight and thermal treatments on commercial polyethylene glycols (PEG) samples used in the pharmaceutical processing technology, has been analyzed using DSC and HSM. The molecular weight of these polymers range from 1500 to 200000. Thermal investigations on the melting behavior of original PEG samples (as received from the manufacturer) showed only one single melting DSC endotherm effect before 373 K. This fact was associated to the presence of only one type of polymeric chain. Using standard conditions, PEG samples were solidified from the melt at 373 K, either by flash cooling (using liquid nitrogen and an ice bath) and by slow cooling, soaked and by slow cooling at room temperature. They were further studied by DSC. It was found that after cooling, PEG with molecular weight 1500 and 15000 showed DSC thermograms with a single endothermic peak. However, thermograms for PEG 4000 and 6000 produced a splitted melting endotherm. This fact was attributed to the presence of two types of chains, that are the folded and extended chains. Ageing time influences also the shape of the DSC endothermal effects. It was concluded that the endotherms obtained after heating these PEG indicate that the thermal history determine the structure (extended or folded chain type forms) and the degree of crystallinity, as evidenced by changes in heat of fusion values, melting points and structures after crystallization. The relationships between melting enthalpies and melting points, as deduced from DSC diagrams, with molecular weight of the polymers are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01979969
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and spectroscopic characterization of several derivatives containing a new organic ring system (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 50 (1997), S. 665-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DTA ; DSC ; hydantion ; new ring ; tropane ; X-ray
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several derivatives containing a new organic ring system, the tropane-6-spiro-5′-hydantoin structure (namely 8-alkyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1.] octane-6-spiro-5′-imidazoline-2′,4′-diones) have been characterized by thermal (DSC and simultaneous DTA-TG-DTG) and spectroscopic techniques (IR,1 H-NMR,13 C-NMR). X-ray powder diffraction and elemental analysis were applied for structural and molecular characterization. All the compounds melt in the range 160–250°C and undergo decomposition with progressive mass loss after the solid-liquid thermal transition with molecular degradation. It was found that tropane-6-spiro-5′-hydantoin derivatives with the hydantoin ring in β position are thermally less stable than those containing this ring in α position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01979038
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of DSC to characterize structural relaxation in thermosetting polymers (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 49 (1997), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: cross-linking degree ; DSC ; enthalpy relaxation ; epoxy resins ; physical aging ; reactive diluent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Structural relaxation in different epoxy-anhydride and epoxy-diamine resins has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry using annealing and cooling rate experiments. The annealing experiments lead to the determination of enthalpy loss,δH, at an equivalent annealing temperatureT a=T g-20, and for periods of annealing time, ta, between 1 h and 4 months. The variation ofδH with logta, defines a relaxation rate per decade,rrpd, which is very sensitive to changes of the epoxy network. The cooling rate experiments allow the determination of the apparent activation energy,δh *. The effect of the degree of crosslinking, the addition of a reactive diluent, which acts as flexibilizer, and the length of cross-link onrrpd and δh* was studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01987423
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A combined differential scanning calorimeter-optical video microscope for crystallization studies (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 49 (1997), S. 991-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: cryo-microscopy ; crystallization ; DSC ; ICE ; microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A simultaneous differential scanning calorimeter (DSC)-optical video microscope instrument has been developed. The instrument development included slight modifications to the sample head of a Perkin-Elmer DSC-7, along with the use of a CCD camera and magnifying lenses. The instrument permitted simultaneous following of optical and thermal events during isothermal and non-isothermal DSC experiments. The DSC curves were almost identical to those given by a standard DSC-7. The operational temperature range of the instrument is between −160 to 600°C. The capabilities of the DSC-video microscope are illustrated by examples of ice crystallization data in aqueous solutions of glycerol and dimethyl sulphoxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01996785
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction pathway and kinetics of the thermal decomposition of synthetic brochantite (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 49 (1997), S. 1467-1475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: CRTA ; DSC ; kinetics ; synthetic brochantite ; TG-DTA ; thermal decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The reaction pathway of the thermal decomposition of synthetic brochantite, Cu4(OH)6SO4, to copper(II) oxide was investigated through the detailed kinetic characterization of the thermal dehydration and desulferation processes. The dehydration process was characterized by dividing into two overlapped kinetic processes with a possible formation of an intermediate compound, Cu4O(OH)4SO4. The dehydrated sample, Cu4O3SO4, was found first to be amorphous by means of XRD, followed by the crystallization to a mixture of CuO and CuO-CuSO4 at around 776 K. The specific surface area and the crystallization behaviour of the amorphous dehydrated compound depend largely on the dehydration conditions. The thermal desulferation process is influenced by the gross diffusion of the gaseous product SO3, which is governed by the advancement of the overall reaction interface from the top surface of the sample particle assemblage to the bottom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983705
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature Modulated DSC. Theoretical interpretation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 333-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: base line ; DSC ; kinetics ; modeling ; thermodynamics ; TMDSC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The application of non-linear heating program to a heat-flux DSC apparatus has attracted much attention. From thermodynamics viewpoint, it is shown that the variation of enthalpy of a sample changing with temperature change is due, to both the true heat capacity of the sample and the enthalpy of some transformations occurring in the sample, characterized by its degree of advance. Using the simple assumption that the rate of the transformation is proportional to the distance from the thermodynamic equilibrium, an electrical model of the thermal event is given. Using the coupled cell model of the DSC apparatus, we show how to obtain the rate of transformation of the sample and heat capacity, which is directly related to the base line of the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010148200201
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Behaviour of Some Terpenoids (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 1353-1357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DSC ; terpenoids ; TG ; thermal behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The terpenoids acetyl sitosterol, lupeol, acetyl diosgenin and stigmasterol were studied. Comparison of the thermogravimetric curves and the activation energies of the terpenoids suggested the following sequence of thermal stability: acetyl sitosterol 〈 acetyl diosgenin 〈 lupeol 〈 stigmasterol. The DSC curves allowed determination of the melting points and the degrees of purity. Comparison of the TG and DSC curves revealed the presence of phase transitions without mass loss that were attributed to rearrangements in the terpenoid molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010110624198
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the Crystallization of an Aromatic Poly-ether-ketone (PK99) by Calorimetric and X-ray Analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 565-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystallization ; DSC ; PK99 ; rigid amorphous fraction ; WAXD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the crystallization behaviour of a new poly(aryl-ether-ether-ketone-ketone), PK99, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) is presented. Isothermal crystallization TG were obtained in the whole range between the glass transition temperature (T g) and the melting temperature (T m) as a consequence of the slow crystallization kinetics stemming from the closeness of these transitions. The calorimetric results, compared with WAXD data, were applied to determine the theoretical melting temperature and crystallization enthalpy. The DSC and WAXD data were combined in order to calculate the total amount of the crystallizable fraction of the polymer, and a model was proposed to explain the difference between the fractions of crystallinity observed with these techniques. The thermal and X-ray data were also correlated with different lamellar morphologies arising from the crystallization conditions. Finally, DSC experiments on the crystallized sample were used to detect the presence of a rigid amorphous phase which does not relax at T g.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010185905642
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caracterisation par analyse calorimetrique differentielle des complexes entre LiAlH4 et les ethers-couronnes 12-C-4, 15-C-5, dicyclohexano-18-C-6 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 833-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crown-ethers (CE) ; 12-C-4 ; 15-C-5 ; DC 18-C-6anti ; DC 18-C-6syn ; DSC ; LiAlH4-CE complexes ; glass-transition ; solvates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal behaviour of complexes [Li+-EC](AlH4)− withEC=12-C-4, 15-C-5, DC 18-C-6 (cis-anti-cis andcis-syn-cis isomers) was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). These complexes were prepared as solids from benzene solutions. Pure EC and several solvated species [Li+-EC](AlH4)−·nC6H6 (EC=15-C-5, DC 18-C-6syn) were also studied. DSC has revealed various phenomena. Solid-solid transitions were observed before melting for [Li+-EC](AlH4)− withEC=12-C-4 and 15-C-5. They are probably explained by small molecular modifications strongly dependent on the thermal history of the sample. A glass-transition was found for the pure crown-ether DC 18-C-6anti, the complex [Li+-EC](A1H4)− withEC=DC-18-C-6anti and the two solvates mentioned above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01981818
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