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  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 68C05 ; Polygons with fixed orientations ; computational geometry ; optimal algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Geometrische Objekte, die durch Geradenstücke mit wenigen, festgelegten Orientierungen begrenzt sind, spielen in vielen Anwendungsbereichen eine wichtige Rolle, so etwa beim Entwurf höchstintegrierter Schaltkreise (VLSI). Probleme, die nur Rechtecke betreffen, sind als ein einfachster Fall wegen ihrer Bedeutung beim VLSI-Entwurf bereits untersucht worden. Die Rechtecke repräsentieren Transistoren, Zellen, oder großere Funktionseinheiten. Eine wirklichkeitsgetreuere Repräsentation hierfür sind jedoch Polygone. In der vorliegenden Arbeit beschreiben wir ein allgemeines Verfahren zur Zerlegung einer Menge von Polygonen mit festen Orientierungen mit dem Ziel, beim VLSI-Entwurf wichtige Probleme der algorithmischen Geometrie zu lösen. Die Zerlegung ist sehr einfach und kann schnell berechnet werden; sie erlaubt die anschließende Lösung, von Problemen mit Hilfe von Algorithmen für rechteckige Objekte. Dieser Ansatz führt zu einigen effizienten und einigen optimalen Algorithmen. Wir illustrieren diese Technik im einzelnen am, Problem, die Zusammenhangskomponenten einer Menge von Polygonen zu bestimmen; wir beschreiben eine optimale Lösung dieses Problems. Dann zeigen wir die breite Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens und leiten exemplarisch eine Lösung des Problems ab, alle Paare sich schneidender Polygone zu bestimmen.
    Notes: Abstract Objects with fixed orientations play an important role in many application areas, for instance VLSI design. Problems involving only rectilinearly oriented (rectangular) objects, as a simplest case, have been studied with the VLSI design application in mind. These objects can be transistors, cells or macros. In reality, they are more suitably represented by polygons rather than just rectangles. In this note we describe how to perform a general decomposition of a set of polygons with fixed orientations in order to solve various computational geometry problems which are important in VLSI design. The decomposition is very simple and efficiently computable, and it allows the subsequent application of algorithms for the rectilinear case, leading to some very efficient and some optimal solutions. We illustrate the technique in detail at the problem of finding the connected components of a set of polygons, for which we derive an optimal solution. The wide applicability of the method is then demonstrated at the problem of finding all pairs of intersecting polygons, yielding an optimal solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graphs and combinatorics 16 (2000), S. 117-126 
    ISSN: 1435-5914
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Let G be a multigraph, g and f be integer-valued functions defined on V(G). Then a graph G is called a (g, f)-graph if g(x)≤deg G(x)≤f(x) for each x∈V(G), and a (g, f)-factor is a spanning (g, f)-subgraph. If the edges of graph G can be decomposed into (g, f)-factors, then we say that G is (g, f)-factorable. In this paper, we obtained some sufficient conditions for a graph to be (g, f)-factorable. One of them is the following: Let m be a positive integer, l be an integer with l=m (mod 4) and 0≤l≤3. If G is an -graph, then G is (g, f)-factorable. Our results imply several previous (g, f)-factorization results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 3 (1973), S. 3-13 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An X-ray diffraction study of nupharidine hydrobromide has been carried out in order to obtain an unequivocal solution to the question of the N-oxide configuration. Nupharidine hydrobromide (C15H24BrNO2) crystals are orthorhombic, space groupP212121 withz = 4. The unit cell constants at 22 ± 3 ° area = 13·419(2),b = 13·668(4),c = 8·731(2) Å (CuKα1, λ = 1·54051 Å). Three-dimensional intensity data, to the limit 2θ = 145 ° for CuKα1, were measured on a GE XRD-490 automatic diffractometer equipped with Ni-Co balanced filters for monochromatization. The crystal structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by least squares to anR of 0·06 for 1960 reflections. X-ray analysis clearly established that (a) the quinolizidine N-oxide system is built of twocis-fused chairs, (b) the methyl and the furan substituents occupy the equatorial position and (c) the absolute configuration indicated by the chemical methods is in agreement with the X-ray work. The stereochemical aspects of the Polonovski elimination reaction in the conversion of (+) nupharidine to Δ6-dehydrodeoxynupharidine has been studied in the light of these X-ray results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BIT 17 (1977), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: Optimal α-β binary trees ; balances of binary trees ; total weighted path lengths ; variable-length codes ; data set allocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we consider a special kind of binary trees where each right edge is associated with a positive numberα and each left edge with a positive numberβ(α ≦ β). Givenα, β and the number of nodesn, an optimal tree is one which minimizes the total weighted path length. An algorithm for constructing an optimal tree for givenα, β, n is presented, based on which bounds for balances and total weighted path lengths of optimal trees are derived.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BIT 23 (1983), S. 436-455 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A parameterized binary search tree callediR tree is defined in this paper. A user is allowed to select a level of balance he desires. SR tree is a special case ofiR tree wheni=1. There are two new concepts in SR trees: (1) local balancing scheme that balances the tree locally; (2) consecutive storage for brother nodes that reduces pointer space. Although we may introduce empty nodes into the tree, we can show that only 1/8 of the nodes may be empty on the average, so it may still be advantageous in cases when record sizes are small. Insertion (and deletion) into SR trees can be done in timeh + O(1) whereh is the height of the tree. The average searching time for SR trees is shown to be 1.188 log2 k wherek is the number of keys. Generalization of the results of SR trees toiR in general is also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BIT 23 (1983), S. 456-471 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: Analysis of algorithms ; convexity ; rectilinear polygons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study the class of rectilinear polygons, calledX – Y polygons, with horizontal and vertical edges, which are frequently used as building blocks for very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuit layout and wiring. In the paper we introduce the notion of convexity within the class ofX – Y polygons and present efficient algorithms for computing theX – Y convex hulls of anX – Y polygon and of a set ofX – Y polygons under various conditions. Unlike convex hulls in the Euclidean plane, theX – Y convex hull of a set ofX – Y polygons may not exist. The condition under which theX – Y convex hull exists is given and an algorithm for testing if the given set ofX – Y polygons satisfies the condition is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BIT 24 (1984), S. 387-390 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract iR trees are parameterized binary search trees which rebalance themselves locally. In our previous work the cases fori=1, 2 were studied. This note extends the result to arbitraryi. In particular, we derive a formula for the average number of rotations/reorganizations involved in an insertion and consequently a formula for the average number of comparisons for a successful search iniR trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 316 (1984), S. 35-41 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An exploratory study of¯p-nucleus scattering at low and medium energies (〈200 MeV) is presented using optical potentials which are representative of those either derived from¯p-atomic data or calculated theoretically. The elastic differential cross sections are sensitive to the potential characteristics. Some indicative cases of inelastic scattering were also examined. Reaction cross sections are discussed and compared to recent measurements.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 311 (1983), S. 323-328 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Double differential cross sections for the inclusive production of neutrons from64Zn,65Cu and89Y bombarded with 26.0 MeV protons have been measured with time-of-flight techniques. The data reduction is discussed with respect to the influence of background corrections in the continuous part of the spectra, and a short comparison with preequilibrium model calculations is presented, showing good agreement with predictions of both, the hybrid and the geometry-dependent hybrid model including multiple particle emission. The question of how to treat pairing remains open.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 275 (1975), S. 175-181 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The energy spectra of protons and neutrons emitted in proton induced reactions on the targets103Rh,159Tb, and169Tm were measured at a bombarding energy of 18 MeV and at a variety of emission angles. Angle-integrated emission spectra were calculated and compared with preequilibrium model predictions. The general validity of the extended Griffin model with a systematic empirical set of model parameter values was verified. Evidence was obtained for the conservation (partial or complete) of isospin as a quantum number and for the possible utility of including a pairing energy shift in the calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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