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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new function for an old structure: The “Timbal Muscle” in cicada females (1993)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 80 (1993), S. 324-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141906
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A preliminary investigation of siliceous microfossil succession in late Quaternary sediments from Lake Baikal, Siberia (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 18 (1997), S. 189-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Lake Baikal ; Russia ; paleolimnology ; diatoms ; chrysophyte cysts ; climate change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Siliceous microfossil assemblage succession was analyzed in a 100 m sediment core from Lake Baikal, Siberia. The core was recovered from the lake's central basin at a water depth of 365 m. Microfossil abundance varied greatly within the intervals sampled, ranging from samples devoid of siliceous microfossils to samples with up to 3.49 × 1011 microfossils g-1 sediment. Fluctuations in abundance appear to reflect trends in the marine δ18O record, with peak microfossil levels generally representing climate optima. Microfossil taxa present in sampled intervals changed considerably with core depth. Within each sample a small number of endemic diatom species dominated the assemblage. Changes in dominant endemic taxa between sampled intervals ranged from extirpation of some taxa, to shifts in quantitative abundance. Differences in microfossil composition and the association of variations in abundance with climate fluctuations suggest rapid speciation in response to major climatic excursions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007924310688
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale structure of magnetospheric plasma (1995)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 16 (1995), S. 363-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Keywords: Magnetosphere ; plasma ; structure ; entry boundary ; geopause ; region-1 vortices ; lowenergy layer ; adiabacity boundary ; injection port
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent investigations of magnetospheric plasma structure are summarized under the broad categories of empirical models, transport across boundaries, formation, and dynamics of the plasma sheet. This report reviews work in these areas during the period 1991 to 1993. Fully three-dimensional empirical models and simulations have become important contributors to our understanding of the magnetospheric system. Some new structural concepts have appeared in the literature: the ‘entry boundary’ and ‘geopause’, the plasma sheet ‘region 1 vortices’, the ‘low-energy layer’, the ‘adiabaticity boundary’ or ‘wall region’, and a region in the tail to which we refer as the ‘injection port’. Traditional structural concepts have also been the subject of recent study, notably the plasmapause, the magnetopause, and the plasma sheet. Significant progress has been made in understanding the nature of plasma sheet formation and dynamics, but the acceleration of electrons to high energy remains somewhat mysterious.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01044573
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Centrifugal trapping in the magnetotail (1995)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 13 (1995), S. 242-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Particles leaving the neutral sheet in the distant magnetotail at times display adiabatic trajectory sequences characterized by an inflection toward the equator and subsequent mirroring in its vicinity. We demonstrate that this low-latitude mirroring results primarily from a centrifugal deceleration due to the fast direction-changing E×B drift. This effect which we refer to as “centrifugal trapping” appears both in guiding centre and full particle treatments. It thus does not directly relate to nonadiabatic motion. However, pitch angle scattering due to nonadiabatic neutral sheet interaction does play a role in reducing the parallel speed of the particles. We show that centrifugal trapping is an important mechanism for the confinement of the slowest (typically below the equatorial E×B drift speed) plasma sheet populations to the midplane vicinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-995-0242-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental controls on the photosynthesis and respiration of a boreal lichen woodland: a growing season of whole-ecosystem exchange measurements by eddy correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Oecologia 102 (1995), S. 443-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Boreal woodland ; Ecosystem physiology ; Photosynthesis model ; Biosphere-atmosphere exchange ; Picea mariana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange by eddy correlation, incident photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD), soil temperature, air temperature, and air humidity were made in a black spruce (Picea mariana) boreal woodland near Schefferville, Quebec, Canada, from June through August 1990. Nighttime respiration was between 0.5 and 1.5 kg C ha−1 h−1, increasing with temperature. Net uptake of carbon during the day peaked at 3 kg C ha−1 h−1, and the daily net uptake over the experiment was 12 kg C ha−1 day−1. Photosynthesis dropped substantially at leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) greater than 7 mb, presumably as a result of stomatal closure. The response of ecosystem photosynthesis to incident PPFD was markedly non-linear, with an abrupt saturation at 600 μmol m−2 s−1. This sharp saturation reflected the geometry of the spruce canopy (isolated conical crowns), the frequently overcast conditions, and an increase in VPD coincident with high radiation. The ecosystem light-use efficiency increased markedly during overcast periods as a result of a more even distribution of light across the forest surface. A mechanistic model of forest photosynthesis, parameterized with observations of leaf density and nitrogen content from a nearby stand, provided accurate predictions of forest photosynthesis. The observations and model results indicated that ecosystem carbon balance at the site is highly sensitive to temperature, and relatively insensitive to cloudiness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341356
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long, accurate time series measurements of radial velocities of solar-type stars (1994)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 212 (1994), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have been measuring changes in the radial velocities (RV's) of solar-type stars to search for gravitational perturbations by planets. We transmit violet starlight through a Fabry-Perot etalon interferometer and sense changes in Doppler shift from changes in the fluxes of light on the slopes of stellar absorption lines. Our data now span 6 years. Our observations of the Sun showed earlier that both our technique and the profiles of solar photospheric violet absorption lines can be stable enough to reveal planetary perturbations. We now carry this validation to the spectra of other near-solar-type stars. Annual averages of our RV's ofσ Draconis andβ Virginis are stable to ±6 m s−1. The slope of our five-year series of RV's ofξ Bootis A is consistent with the star's well-determined visual astrometric orbit aboutξ Bootis B. The Fabry-Perot technique of Doppler shift measurement is fully capable of detecting perturbations due to planets with masses and orbits similar to those of Jupiter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984531
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The small-scale outflow structure of embedded sources in taurus (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 224 (1995), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: jets and outflows ; reflection nebulae ; TMC1 ; TMC1A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High resolution interferometric COJ=1−0 observations of the outflows from two young embedded sources, TMC1 and TMC1A, show the high-velocity gas to have a conical structure, with a constant opening angle of ∼ 45° extending to within 1000 AU of the central stars. The correspondence of near-infrared reflection nebulosity atK band with blueshifted CO emission in both objects suggests the lobes are partially evacuated, as do position-velocity diagrams from single-dish COJ=2−1 data. We suggest that the outflows are driven by jets which impart momentum to the ambient medium through shocks, rather than through the entrainment of molecular material along the edges of the jet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667831
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mid-ir imaging polarimetry and circumstellar magnetic fields (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 224 (1995), S. 521-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: circumstellar matter ; magnetic fields ; polarization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have obtained diffraction-limited images of the mid-infrared emission and polarization patterns in a number of southern-sky objects. By mapping the polarization produced in absorption or emission by aligned aspherical dust grains, we have been able to trace the detailed spatial structure of magnetic fields in the warm circumstellar material of young molecular-outflow sources and HII regions, in the expanding dust shell of the mass-losing star Eta Carinae, and in the inner parsec of the Galactic Centre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667935
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central projections of fibers in the auditory and tensor nerves of cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae) (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 203 (1979), S. 35-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CNS projections ; Auditory nerves ; Tensor nerves ; Cicada ; Insects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The auditory and tensor nerves of cicadas are mixed nerves containing both afferent and efferent elements. In 17-year cicadas, and in Okanagana rimosa, the auditory nerve contains afferents from body hairs, from the detensor tympani-chordotonal organ, and some 1300–1500 afferents from the hearing organ. Within the fused metathoracic-abdominal ganglionic complex the receptors from both the auditory and tensor nerves form a neuropilar structure that reveals the metameric organization of this complex. A few fibers run anteriorly, projecting into the meso and prothoracic ganglia. Within the ganglionic complex a division of auditory nerve afferents into a dense intermediate and a more diffuse ventral neuropile is observed. In addition, a dorsal motor neuropile is outlined by arborizations of the timbal motor neuron. This neuron is one of several efferent cell types associated with the auditory nerve, and there is an indication that several efferent fibers innervate the timbal muscle. There is anatomical evidence for a possible neuronal coupling between the bilaterally symmetrical large timbal motor neurons. In general, central projections from the auditory and tensor nerves support evidence of a structural “layering” within the CNS of insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234327
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virulence characteristics of a new race of the parasitic angiosperm, Striga gesnerioides, from southern Benin on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 72 (1993), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Striga gesnerioides ; Vigna unguiculata ; cowpea ; parasitic angiosperm ; breeding for resistance ; parasite variation ; races
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An in vitro growth system was used to determine the virulence of two samples of Striga gesnerioides from Zakpota in southern Benin. Cowpea variety B301, previously considered resistant to all races of S. gesnerioides, was susceptible to both samples of the parasite. Two other cowpea varieties, 58–57 and IT81D-994, were totally resistant. Resistance in 58–57 was associated with a hypersensitive necrosis of infected roots, whilst IT81D-994 supported production of small S. gesnerioides tubercles with stems which failed to develop. Striga gesnerioides from southern Benin is the fourth race of the parasite to be identified, and the first with virulence on variety B301. The implications for breeding cowpeas with resistance to S. gesnerioides are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034156
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