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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Neurosciences. ; Immunology. ; Psychiatry. ; Neuroscience. ; Immunology. ; Psychiatry.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- A Brief History of Immunological Research into Psychosis and Pathways for Immune Influence of the Brain.-Basic Concept of Microglia Biology and Neuroinflammation in Relation to Psychiatry -- Epidemiological Studies of Prenatal and Childhood Infection and Schizophrenia -- Schizophrenia, Cytokines and Other Systemic Inflammatory Mediators [to include oxidative stress and lymphocyte alterations] -- Association between Schizophrenia, Microbial Infection and Microbiota -- Autoantibodies and psychosis -- Effect of Infection on Cognition in Schizophrenia and Healthy People -- Role of Infection, Autoimmunity, Atopic Disorders and the Immune System in Schizophrenia: Evidence from Epidemiological and Genetic Studies -- Microglial Activation and Psychotic Disorders: Evidence from Pre-clinical and Clinical Studies -- Early-Life Adversity, Systemic Inflammation, and Co-Morbid Physical and Psychiatric Illnesses of Adult Life -- Inflammation, Antipsychotic Drugs and Evidence for Effectiveness of Anti-inflammatory Agents in Schizophrenia.
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive summary of the cutting edge scientific evidence regarding the role of immune system in the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. It illustrates the role of inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia drawing on both basic science and clinical research. The chapters provide up-to-date summaries of immunological risk factors for schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, and underlying mechanisms as informed by neuroimaging, genetic, clinical and animal experimental studies. In addition, the book will illuminate the scope for immunological treatment for schizophrenia. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 244 p. 10 illus., 8 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030391416
    Series Statement: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 44
    DDC: 612.8
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: Anatomy. ; Medical education. ; Neuroanatomy. ; Materials Microscopy. ; Anatomy. ; Medical Education. ; Neuroanatomy. ; Microscopy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Past and Current Learning and Teaching Resources and Platforms -- Chapter 2. Developing a Flipped Classroom for Clinical Anatomy: Approaches to Pre-class Recordings and a Novel Approach to In-Class Active Learning -- Chapter 3. An Overview of Traditional and Advanced Visualization Techniques Applied to Anatomical Instruction Involving Cadaveric Dissection -- Chapter 4. Technology-Enhanced Preclinical Medical Education (Anatomy, Histology and Occasionally, Biochemistry): A Practical Guide -- Chapter 5. Integration of Gross Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology in a Pre-matriculation Curriculum: A Triple-Discipline Approach -- Chapter 6. Methods for Assessing Students’ Learning of Histology: A Chronology over 50 Years! -- Chapter 7. Using Stereoscopic Virtual Presentation for Clinical Anatomy Instruction and Procedural Training in Medical Education -- Chapter 8. Creating Virtual Models and 3D Movies Using DemoMaker for Anatomical Education -- Chapter 9. Teaching Cellular Architecture: The Global Status of Histology Education.
    Abstract: Curricula in the health sciences have undergone significant change and reform in recent years. The time allocated to anatomical education in medical, osteopathic medical, and other health professional programs has largely decreased. As a result, educators are seeking effective teaching tools and useful technology in their classroom learning. This edited book explores advances in anatomical sciences education, such as teaching methods, integration of systems-based components, course design and implementation, assessments, effective learning strategies in and outside the learning environment, and novel approaches to active learning in and outside the laboratory and classroom. Many of these advances involve computer-based technologies. These technologies include virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, digital dissection tables, digital anatomy apps, three-dimensional (3D) printed models, imaging and 3D reconstruction, virtual microscopy, online teaching platforms, table computers and video recording devices, software programs, and other innovations. Any of these devices and modalities can be used to develop large-class practical guides, small-group tutorials, peer teaching and assessment sessions, and various products and pathways for guided and self-directed learning. The reader will be able to explore useful information pertaining to a variety of topics incorporating these advances in anatomical sciences education. The book will begin with the exploration of a novel approach to teaching dissection-based anatomy in the context of organ systems and functional compartments, and it will continue with topics ranging from teaching methods and instructional strategies to developing content and guides for selecting effective visualization technologies, especially in lieu of the recent and residual effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the book covers several anatomical disciplines, including microscopic anatomy/histology, developmental anatomy/embryology, gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, radiological imaging, and integrations of clinical correlations. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 212 p. 77 illus., 74 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031367274
    Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1431
    DDC: 611
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Sustainability. ; Economics. ; Power resources. ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Sustainability. ; Political Economy of Energy. ; Energy Policy, Economics and Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Society, Energy and the Natural World -- Energy and Our Lives -- Pandemic Overview -- Our conversation with Mother Nature -- The math of our energy-dependent existence -- How to keep the Planet Human-friendly -- How do we get to where we need to be? -- Your Home and Lifestyle -- Cars, Tools and Mobility -- Communities lead the Way -- Your Country; Sustainable, Resilient and Secure -- How to invest for minimum disruption and maximum benefit -- How to drive change -- How to enjoy a sustainable lifestyle.
    Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic is a repeating biophysical shock yet one for which our current socio-economic structure was not prepared. Climate change, scarcity, depletion of natural resources, and the inevitable transition to renewable energy are one time events. Taken together, they present an existential threat to human society. This book is a guide to navigating these megatrends, which confront us now but whose consequences will unfold over decades. By presenting clear options on the path to a renewable energy future, this book gives readers a broad perspective as well as detailed, well-illustrated examples to weigh in making decisions which will secure stability and prosperity for their families, their communities and their nations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIII, 418 p. 154 illus., 137 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030917821
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-07-30
    Description: The aim of this study was to assess whether epidemics of sexually transmitted infections caused by poorly transmittable agents corresponded to self-reported sexual activity in a distinct population. To exemplify this, a model was used to investigate whether HIV infection incidences corresponded to the extent of sexual activity as assessed by a questionnaire-based study. The model suggested between 97 and 486 sexual contacts per German individual during a sexually active lifetime based on the annual HIV incidence of 680 among the heterosexual population reported by the German National Health Authority. This is in line with the estimated 296 sexual contacts during one’s lifetime, which was indicated by questionnaire respondents. The model confirms the correspondence of self-reported sexual activity with HIV incidence as reported by the German National Health Authority. Accordingly, HIV incidence- and prevalence-based modeling of sexual activity in a population provides crude estimations in situations where a range of uncertainty is acceptable. The model’s veracity is limited by a number of assumptions necessitated by the paucity of data. Nevertheless, the model may be suitable in settings where severe reporting bias has to be expected for legal or socio-cultural reasons.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-07-06
    Description: A feeding experiment was carried out with late-lactating cows over 12 weeks to evaluate the feeding value of a basic diet with maize and grass silage (MS, GS) when combined with varying portions of concentrate in the ration (20% and 60% on a dry matter basis) and to test the effects on health and performance, the transfer of important Fusarium toxins to blood and milk, the total and Shiga toxin (stx)-forming E. coli counts, and the presence of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) genes in rectal fecal samples. MS was contaminated by a broader spectrum of fungal and other metabolites compared to GS. MS contained higher concentrations of the important Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). Blood and milk levels of DON and ZEN residues generally reflected the differences in exposure at a low level. Feeding of MS with 60% concentrate feed induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) associated with a marked drop in dry matter intake, fat corrected milk yield and a fat to protein ratio in milk of lower than 1. The SARA-associated higher ruminal LPS concentration did not affect the circulating concentrations of haptoglobin as an indicator of systemic inflammation. Lower rumen pH values in both MS-fed groups were associated with lower pH values, higher absolute E. coli counts and increased proportions of stx-positive E. coli in rectal feces. BoNT genes A, B, C, D, E and F remained undetectable in any of the fecal samples suggesting that feedstuffs were virtually free of the corresponding C. botulinum strains. In conclusion, maize feedstuff (silage, grains, starch-containing byproducts)-dominated rations for dairy cows should be avoided to reduce adverse effects on health and food safety.
    Electronic ISSN: 2624-862X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-02-21
    Description: Dairy cows are metabolically challenged during the transition period. Furthermore, the process of parturition represents an energy-consuming process. The degree of negative energy balance and recovery from calving also depends on the efficiency of mitochondrial energy generation. At this point, L-carnitine plays an important role for the transfer of fatty acids to the site of their mitochondrial utilisation. A control (n = 30) and an L-carnitine group (n = 29, 25 g rumen-protected L-carnitine per cow and day) were created and blood samples were taken from day 42 ante partum (ap) until day 110 post-partum (pp) to clarify the impact of L-carnitine supplementation on dairy cows, especially during the transition period and early puerperium. Blood and clinical parameters were recorded in high resolution from 0.5 h to 72 h pp. L-carnitine-supplemented cows had higher amounts of milk fat in early lactation and higher triacylglyceride concentrations in plasma ap, indicating increased efficiency of fat oxidation. However, neither recovery from calving nor energy balance and lipomobilisation were influenced by L-carnitine.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-2615
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-10-10
    Description: Equity markets play a pivotal role in the sustainability of developing countries, such as China. The literature on the detection of herding biases is confined to the aggregate level (firms, sector/industry and market). The present study adds to the behavioral finance literature by addressing the surprisingly unnoticed phenomena of the behavioral impact of herding bias on firm value (FV) at the firm level, using the sample of A-Shares listed firms at the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (SSE and SZSE) under panel fixed effect specification. Initially, we detect the existence of investors and managers herding (IHR and MHR) biases at firm-level, and later, we examine their impact (distinct and interactive) upon the FV. The empirical results document the presence of IHR and MHR bias at market, sector and firm-level in both equity markets, which potentially drive the FV, while the impact is more pronounced during the extreme trading period. The findings are robust under different time intervals, and industry classification, therefore, offers useful policy implications to understand the behavioral dynamics of investors and managers.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-12-22
    Description: During late gestation and early lactation, many proliferative processes and metabolic adaptions are involved in homeorhesis. An adjusted supply of oxygen is a precondition for an optimized cellular energy metabolism whereby erythrocytes play a central role. Endogenous L-carnitine modulates the mitochondrial fatty acid utilization for generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As it might be insufficient around calving due to increased need, L-carnitine supplementation is frequently recommended. Thus, the present study addressed the interplay between the red hemogram, platelets, oxidative stress indices, and L-carnitine supplementation of dairy cows around calving. German Holstein cows were assigned to a control (n = 30) and an L-carnitine group (n = 29, 25 g of rumen-protected L-carnitine per cow and per day), and blood samples were taken from day 42 ante partum (ap) until day 110 postpartum (pp), with a higher sampling frequency during the first three days pp. The time courses of the erythrogram parameters reflected the physiological adaptations to the oxygen need without being influenced by L-carnitine supplementation. Erythrocytic antioxidative enzymatic defence paralleled the relative development of polycythemia ap, while non-enzymatic total plasma antioxidative capacity continuously increased pp. In contrast to erythrocytes, the platelet counts of the L-carnitine supplemented cows varied at significantly higher levels. This can be interpreted as a result of a membrane-stabilizing effect of L-carnitine.
    Electronic ISSN: 2624-862X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-08-15
    Description: Mexican-heritage children often achieve less physical activity (PA) than their counterparts and are at greater risk for associated comorbidities. Child PA is greatly influenced by their parents, yet researchers have rarely involved fathers in community health promotion. The purpose of this study is to examine Mexican-heritage fathers’ perceptions of responsibilities and self-reported activities. Promotoras recruited fathers (n = 300) from colonies on the Texas–Mexico border and administered Spanish-language surveys including paternal responsibilities, father PA, and PA co-participation. Two researchers coded responses. Open-ended items were coded and cross-tabulations between responsibilities and activities with children were examined. Fathers reported feeling monetary responsibilities most often. Fathers reported engaging in more activities with their sons than daughters; however, fathers engaged in very few activities specifically with their children. Feeling responsible for family expenses was associated with paternal PA co-participation with family and children. This study adds clarity to the role of Mexican-heritage fathers in child PA. Findings highlight potential areas for intervention including supporting fathers to take an active role in their children’s PA.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-08-31
    Description: Satellite remote sensing and model data play an important role in research and applications of tropical meteorology and climatology over vast, data-sparse oceans and remote continents. Since the first weather satellite was launched by NASA in 1960, a large collection of NASA’s Earth science data is freely available to the research and application communities around the world, significantly improving our overall understanding of the Earth system and environment. Established in the mid-1980s, the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), located in Maryland, USA, is a data archive center for multidisciplinary, satellite and model assimilation data products. As one of the 12 NASA data centers in Earth sciences, GES DISC hosts several important NASA satellite missions for tropical meteorology and climatology such as the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). Over the years, GES DISC has developed data services to facilitate data discovery, access, distribution, analysis and visualization, including Giovanni, an online analysis and visualization tool without the need to download data and software. Despite many efforts for improving data access, a significant number of challenges remain, such as finding datasets and services for a specific research topic or project, especially for inexperienced users or users outside the remote sensing community. In this article, we list and describe major NASA satellite remote sensing and model datasets and services for tropical meteorology and climatology along with examples of using the data and services, so this may help users better utilize the information in their research and applications.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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