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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface pits in the family esocidae.This work was supported by a grant from the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, and grant A-1705 from the National Research Council of Canada.This paper is part of dissertation submitted by the senor author in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Ph.D. in the Department of Zoology, University of Toronto. I. Structure and types (1973)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 141 (1973), S. 307-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Esox americanus and Esox niger (Esocidae) there are two types of surface pits, sensory and nonsensory. Both types of pits are morphologically very similar and are associated with modified (cardioid) scales. The pits are distinguished by the presence and absence respectively of neuromasts. Ultrastructure of the neuromasts indicates that they are basically similar to previously described neuromasts. However, the hair cells have crystalline-like deposits in the nuclear region. The nonsensory pit contains a small group of distinct epidermal cells, called central cells. These cells occupy a central position in the pit, similar to that of the neuromasts in the sensory pit. The central cells are unlike any cell types described for fishes, and on an ultrastructural basis no function can be ascribed to them and the significance of the nonsensory pit is unknown.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051410306
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface pits in the family esocidae.This work was supported by a grant from the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, and grant A-1705 from the National Research Council of Canada.Part of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in the Department of Zoology, University of Toronto. II. Epidermal dermal interaction and evidence for aplasia of the lateral line sensory system (1973)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 141 (1973), S. 321-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Esox americanus and Esox niger (esocidae) possess two types of surface pits, sensory and nonsensory. The pits are morphologically very similar and both are associated with modified (cardioid) scales. The pits are distinguished by neuromasts in the sensory and central cells in the nonsensory pit.Neuromasts and central cells are responsible for the formation and maintenance of respectively the pit and cardioid scale. This supports an extension of the epidermal co-participation hypothesis that epidermal cells control the form of dermal structures in addition to contributing to composition.The central cells are similar in structure to induced primordial cells of regenerating neuromasts.The development of primordial cells may be arrested and the cells maintained in a static condition during which time they still influence the dermal tissues and maintain a pit and cardioid scale. Essentially this represents the experimental conversion of a sensory pit into a nonsensory pit. This evidence is taken in support of the hypothesis that the nonsensory pit and central cells represent an aplasic condition of the lateral line system.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051410307
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [N-Alkyl-(2-pyridyl)methanimine]copper(I) Complexes: Characterisation and Application as Catalysts for Atom-Transfer Polymerisation (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 1799-1806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Atom-transfer polymerisation ; Methyl methacrylate ; Copper(I) ; Schiff base ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and characterisation of a series of novel bis(imine)copper(I) complexes and their use in atom-transfer polymerisation of methyl methacrylate is described. Several N-alkyl-(2-pyridyl)methanimines (alkyl = n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, n-propyl) and N-(n-propyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)ethanimine as ligands have been fully characterised. Three bis[N-alkyl-(2-pyridyl)methanimine]copper(I) complexes, [Cu{(C5H4N)CH=N(iBu)}2][BF4], [Cu{(C5H4N)C(CH3)=N(nPr)}2][PF6], and [Cu{(C5H4N)CH=N(sBu)}2][BF4] have been structurally characterised; all having a distorted tetrahedral arrangement of co-ordinating nitrogen atoms surrounding the metal centre. All of the catalysts were found to be effective atom-transfer polymerisation catalysts for the polymerisation of MMA in hydrocarbon solution. However, it was discovered that the performance of the catalysts containing n-alkyl substituents was superior to those containing branched alkyl substituents. The presence of branching in the alkyl substituent results in a reduction of reaction rate and a corresponding broadening of the polydispersity index.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerisation of methyl methacrylate with tert-butyllithium and triisobutylaluminium in toluene: mechanism of initiation and termination by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 16 (1995), S. 725-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using triisobutylaluminium/tert-butyllithium in hydrocarbon at 0°C and -78°C has been investigated by matrixassisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). Although the system gives extremely good control over molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution, initiation of polymerization can be complicated by formation of small amounts of tert-butyl isoprenyl ketone (1), and termination of polymerization can occur by end cyclisation of the end unit of 3. Both complications in initiation and termination can be avoided by suitable reaction conditions. Incorporation of 1 is suppressed by increasing the alkylaluminium content and by higher temperature. Termination by cyclisation has been found to occur over much longer time scales than propagation and can therefore be avoided by controlled termination after the appropriate reaction time.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030161004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of methacrylic multi-arm star copolymers by “arm-first” group transfer polymerisation (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 871-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Methacrylic star polymers were synthesized by the “arm-first” method of star polymer formation by the addition of difunctional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, to living linear poly(methyl methacrylate) as prepared by group transfer polymerisation (GTP). The effects of living polymer concentration and ratio of difunctional monomer to living polymer are discussed, and show how macromolecular design and control may be imposed on the number of arms and molecular weight of the star polymer. Diluting the difunctional crosslinking monomer with monomer has been examined with the view to establishing funtionalisation of the star core.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1997.021980317
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conductive composites past, present, and future (1985)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 25 (1985), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Conductivity of plastics and polymeric composites is reviewed. The use of various conductivity-enhancing fillers, such as graphite, metallized glass, or stainless steel fibers are discussed. Properties of composites containing rapid-solidified aluminum flakes are of particular interest.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760250815
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  • 7
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    Land use efficiency: anticipating future demand for land-sector greenhouse gas emissions abatement and managing trade-offs with agriculture, water, and biodiversity (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-05
    Description: Competition for land is increasing and policy needs to ensure the efficient supply of multiple ecosystem services from land systems. We modeled the spatially-explicit potential future supply of ecosystem services in Australia's intensive agricultural land in response to carbon markets under four global outlooks from 2013 – 2050. We assessed the productive efficiency of greenhouse gas emissions abatement, agricultural production, water resources, and biodiversity services and compared these to production possibility frontiers (PPFs). While interacting commodity markets and carbon markets produced efficient outcomes for agricultural production and emissions abatement, more efficient outcomes were possible for water resources and biodiversity services due to weak price signals. However, when only two objectives were considered as per typical efficiency assessments, efficiency improvements involved significant unintended trade-offs for the other objectives, and incurred substantial opportunity costs. Considering multiple objectives simultaneously enabled the identification of land use arrangements that were efficient over multiple ecosystem services. Efficient land use arrangements could be selected that meet society's preferences for ecosystem service provision from land by adjusting the metric used to combine multiple services. To effectively manage competition for land via land use efficiency, market incentives are needed that effectively price multiple ecosystem services. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    The effectiveness and resilience of phosphorus management practices in the Lake Simcoe Watershed, Ontario, Canada (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-27
    Description: Uncertainty surrounding future climate makes it difficult to have confidence that current nutrient management strategies will remain effective. This study used monitoring and modelling to assess current effectiveness (% phosphorus reduction), and resilience (defined as continued effectiveness under a changing climate) of best management practices (BMPs) within 5 catchments of the Lake Simcoe watershed, Ontario. The model INCA-P was used, and monitoring data used to calibrate and validate a series of management scenarios. To assess current BMP effectiveness, models were run over a baseline period 1985-2014 with and without management scenarios. Climate simulations were run (2070-2099), and BMP resilience calculated as the % change in effectiveness between the baseline and future period. Results demonstrated that livestock removal from water courses was the most effective BMP, while manure storage adjustments were the least. Effectiveness varied between catchments, influenced by the dominant hydrological and nutrient transport pathways. Resilience of individual BMPs was associated with catchment sensitivity to climate change. BMPs were most resilient in catchments with high soil water storage capacity, and small projected changes in frozen-water availability and in soil moisture deficits. Conversely, BMPs were less resilient in catchments with larger changes in spring melt magnitude and in overland flow proportions. Results indicated that BMPs implemented are not always those most suited to catchment flow pathways, and a more site-specific approach would enhance prospects for maintaining P reduction targets. Furthermore, BMP resilience to climate change can be predicted from catchment physical properties and present day hydrochemical sensitivity to climate forcing.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Sensitivity of physical lake processes to climate change within a large Precambrian Shield catchment (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-13
    Description: Potential future changes in lake physical processes (e.g. stratification and freezing) can be assessed through exploring their sensitivity to climate change, and assessing the current vulnerability of different lake types to plausible changes in meteorological drivers. This study quantifies the impacts of climate change and sensitivity of lake physical processes within a large (5100 km 2 ) Precambrian Shield catchment in south-central Ontario. Historic regional relationships are established between climate drivers, lake morphology, and lake physical changes through generalised linear modelling (GLM); and are used to quantify likely changes in timing of ice phenology and lake stratification across 72 lakes under a range of future climate models and scenarios. In response to projections of increased temperature (ensemble mean of +3.3 °C), both earlier ice-off and onset of summer stratification were projected, with later ice-on and fall turnover compared to the baseline. Process sensitivity to climate change varied by lake type; shallower lakes with a smaller volume (less than 15 m deep and less than 0.05 km 3 ) were more sensitive to processes associated with lake heating (stratification onset and ice-off), and deeper lakes with a larger surface area (greater than 30 m deep and greater than 1000 ha) were more sensitive to processes associated with lake cooling (fall turnover and ice-on). These results indicate that whereas small lakes are vulnerable to climate warming due to changes that occur in spring and summer, larger lakes are particularly sensitive during the fall. The findings suggest that lake morphology and associated sensitivity should be considered in the development of sustainable lake management strategies.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Species vulnerability to climate change: impacts on spatial conservation priorities and species representation (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Climate change may shrink and/or shift plant species ranges thereby increasing their vulnerability and requiring targeted conservation to facilitate adaptation. We quantified the vulnerability to climate change of plant species based on exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity and assessed the effects of including these components in complementarity-based spatial conservation prioritisation. We modelled the vulnerability of 584 native plant species under three climate change scenarios in an 11.9 million hectare fragmented agricultural region in southern Australia. We represented exposure as species’ geographic range under each climate change scenario as quantified using species distribution models. We calculated sensitivity as a function of the impact of climate change on species’ geographic ranges. Using a dispersal kernel, we quantified adaptive capacity as species’ ability to migrate to new geographic ranges under each climate change scenario. Using Zonation , we assessed the impact of individual components of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) on spatial conservation priorities and levels of species representation in priority areas under each climate change scenario. The full vulnerability framework proved an effective basis for identifying spatial conservation priorities under climate change. Including different dimensions of vulnerability had significant implications for spatial conservation priorities. Incorporating adaptive capacity increased the level of representation of most species. However, prioritising sensitive species reduced the representation of other species. We conclude that whilst taking an integrated approach to mitigating species vulnerability to climate change can ensure sensitive species are well-represented in a conservation network, this can come at the cost of reduced representation of other species. Conservation planning decisions aimed at reducing species vulnerability to climate change need to be made in full cognisance of the sensitivity of spatial conservation priorities to individual components of vulnerability, and the trade-offs associated with focussing on sensitive species.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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