ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Brassica rapa ; B. juncea ; consumption rate ; glucosinolates ; growth rate ; indolyl ; isothiocyanate ; Mamestra configurata ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mamestra configurata (Walker) (Lep., Noctuidae) larvae were fed excisedBrassica juncea (commercial brown mustard) orB. rapa cv. Tobin (Canola) foliage of three plant growth stages-rosette (stage 2), stem elongation (stage 3) and flowering (stage 4). Relative consumption rates (RCRi) were not significantly different between the plant species. Within theB. juncea treatments, there were no significant growth stage differences in RCRi. However, withinB. rapa, RCRi increased with advancing plant growth stage. Larvae fedB. juncea foliage had significantly reduced relative growth rates (RGRi) compared to larvae fedB. rapa foliage. Within theB. juncea treatments, RGRi decreased with advancing plant growth stage. There were no significant growth stage differences in RGRi in theB. rapa treatments. RGRi was inversely proportional to the levels of isothiocyanate-releasing glucosinolates in theB. juncea treatments. RCRi was inversely proportional to the levels of indolyl glucosinolates in theB. rapa treatments. Levels of total phenols and catechols inB. juncea did not show any trend which could be related to growth stage effects in the insect nutritional indices. InB. rapa, levels of phenols and catechols in stage 3 and 4 foliage were lower than that of stage 2 foliage. Analyses of total nitrogen in field-grown plants showed reductions in percent nitrogen from rosette to flowering stage foliage. The response ofM. configurata to different growth stages of its host plants are discussed in relation to changing levels of allelochemicals and nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 81 (1996), S. 307-313 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: feeding deterrents ; desensitization ; habituation ; azadirachtin ; neem ; Spodoptera litura ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The deterrence of azadirachtin, in its pure form and as a constituent of neem seed extract, to fifth instar Spodoptera litura (Fab.) larvae, was measured using cabbage, Brassica oleraceae (L.) var. capitata, leaf disc assays. Paired-choice assays, in which larvae could choose between feeding on a treated (1.3 ng azadirachtin per square cm leaf area) or an untreated leaf disc for 2 h, were conducted at 24 h intervals throughout the fifth instar. In addition, no-choice assays, in which larvae could feed on only one leaf disc (10 ng azadirachtin per square cm leaf area) for 1.5 h, were conducted consecutively over a six hour period at the beginning of the fifth instar. The effects of hunger and habituation on desensitization in our no-choice tests were partitioned. After repeated exposures, larvae became desensitized to pure azadirachtinal in both choice and no-choice tests, but did not desensitize to neem containing the same absolute amount of azadirachtin in choice tests. Hunger was responsible for approximately one third of the desensitization response in the no-choice tests. Sensitivity to azadirachtin was independent of age within the fifth instar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 77-84 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphididae ; Azadirachta indica ; azadirachtin ; development ; moulting ; neem ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Neem,Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.), seed oil (NSO) applied to leaf discs at a concentration of 1.0% resulted in 94% to 100% mortality of second instar nymphs of currant-lettuce aphid,Nasonovia ribis-nigri (Mosley), and green peach aphid,Myzus persicae (Sulzer), after nine days. The equivalent amount of pure azadirachtin (AZA) (≈40 ppm), the principle active ingredient of neem, was as effective as NSO. The survival of adult aphids was unaffected by NSO or AZA, but the survival of offspring from treated adultM. persicae andN. ribis-nigri was reduced significantly. The lethal concentration of AZA resulting in 50% mortality of second instar nymphs of nine species of aphids ranged from 2.4 ppm forM. persicae on pepper to 635.0 ppm for the strawberry aphid,Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), on strawberry. ForM. persicae, the growth regulating effect of AZA was influenced by the host plant and the nymphal instar treated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 76 (1995), S. 115-120 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: neem seed extracts ; neem oils ; noctuid moths ; oviposition deterrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Applications of three concentrations of oil-free neem seed extracts (Azadirachta indica A. Juss; Meliaceae) to cabbage plants in cages did not deter oviposition by individuals of three species of noctuid moths,Trichoplusia ni, Peridroma saucia, andSpodoptera litura. The concentrations used corresponded to 10, 50, and 100 ppm of the main active ingredient, azadirachtin. The total number of eggs laid per female, female longevity, and median day of oviposition were not affected. Sprays of the neem oil-based insecticide Margosan-O R , and a 1% aqueous emulsion of a refined neem seed oil similarly had no effect on any of the parameters studied. However, a 1% crude oil emulsion significantly reduced the proportion of eggs laid byS. litura on treated plants. Our results suggest that literature reports of significant neem-based oviposition deterrence toS. litura are the result of compounds that are removed by higher levels of processing and thus not likely to be found in most commercial neem seed formulations. Sprays consisting of highly processed neem seed extracts, used at concentrations that provide larval control, are unlikely to be generally effective as oviposition deterrents to noctuid pests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 87-93 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: chromenes ; benzofurans ; natural insecticides ; Asteraceae ; Peridroma saucia ; Noctuidae ; structure-activity relations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Chromene (Benzopyrane), die in einer Vielzahl von Gattungen aus der Familie der Asteraceae vorkommen, erwiesen sich als insektizid gegenüber frischgeschlüpften Raupen von Peridroma saucia. Die getesteten Substanzen wurden dabei als Film an den Innenwänden von Glass-Scintillationsgefäßen in Konzentrationen bis zu 1 μmol/Gefäß appliziert und die Raupen über 24 h in diesen Gefäßen gehalten. Den Chromenen biogenetisch ähnliche Benzofurane, die oft gemeinsam in Asteraceen gefunden werden, weigten im Vergleich keine oder nur schwache insektizide Wirkungen. Von sieben natürlich vorkommenden und vier durch Partialsynthesen getesteten Chromenen erwies sich das bekannte Allatocidin Precocen II als die aktivste Verbindung. Der LD 50-Wert dieses Chromens betrug 0.134 μmol/Scintillationsgefäß oder 0.67 μg/cm2. Das weitaus häufigere Chromen desmethoxyencecalin wies im Vergleich einen LD 50-Wert von 0.98 μg/cm2 in diesem Biotest auf. Struktur/Aktivitätsuntersuchungen der getesteten Chromene zeigten, daß die Anwesenheit einer OH-Gruppe an den Positionen C-7 und C-11 zu einer deutlichten Aktivitätsminderung führte. Hydrierung der heterocyclischen Doppelbindung, die einen völligen Verlust der allatociden Wirkung von Precocenen bewirkt, verringerte die Kontakttoxizität der Chromene auf 50% der ursprünglichen Aktivität. Ein kurzer Kontakt (24 h) von zwei Tage alten Peridroma-Raupen des ersten Larvenstadiums mit den Chromenen resultierte in einer signifikanten Verringerung des nachfolgenden Wachstums der Raupen auf künstlicher Diät. Die deutlichsten Struktur/Aktivitätsbeziehungen, die in der vorliegenden Arbeit ermittelt wurden, lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: 1) Die Gegenwart eines Furanringes statt eines Pyranringes (Chromen) bewirkt einen zumeist vollständigen Verlust an insektizider Wirkung; 2) die Gegenwart eines OH-Substituenten führt zu einer drastischen Abnahme an Aktivität. Eine Übersicht der bisher vorliegenden Daten sowie laufender Untersuchungen zeigt, daß Chromene ein breites Spektrum an insektizider Wirkung besitzen.
    Notes: Abstract Chromenes (benzopyrans), common to many genera of the Asteraceae, are lethal to the neonate variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Hübner, when presented on the inner walls of glass vials at concentrations of 1.0 μmol/vial or less. Closely related benzofurans, including some from the same plants, are relatively inactive at these concentrations. The most potent of seven naturally-occurring and four derived chromenes is the well known allatocidin, precocene II, with an LD50 of 0.134 μmol/vial or 0.67 μg/cm2. A more widely distributed chromene, desmethoxyencecalin, is also relatively toxic with an LD50 of 0.98 μg/cm2. Structure-activity comparisons of the chromenes tested in this study suggest that the presence of a free hydroxyl group at either C-7 or C-11 significantly diminishes activity. Saturation of the 3,4 double bond, which destroys the allatocidal activity of the precocenes, diminishes, but does not alleviate, contact toxicity of chromenes to cutworm larvae. Brief exposure (24 h) of 2-day-old larvae to chromene residues significantly inhibits subsequent larval growth. The degree of chronic growth inhibition (sublethal toxicity) from five different chromenes is highly correlated to their lethal potencies to neonate larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: growth inhibition ; phytochemical prospecting ; Meliaceae ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Peridroma saucia ; Orthoptera ; Acrididae ; Melanoplus sanguinipes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Thirty-one species in twenty genera of the plant family Meliaceae were assayed for the production of growth-inhibiting phytochemicals, using the generalist herbivorePeridroma saucia. Most species were inhibitory when methanolic extracts were incorporated into artificial diets at concentrations at or below those occurring naturally. In general members of the subfamily Melioideae were more inhibitory than members of the Swietenioideae. Extracts of deciduous species with short leaf lifetimes were significantly more inhibitory than those of evergreen species with longer leaf lifetimes. In a smaller sample of species, evergreen species showed a trend towards having tougher leaves than deciduous species. These results support the resource availability hypothesis of Coleyet al. (1985), and suggest that life history attributes may be of some value in selecting plants for phytochemical prospecting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 57 (1976), S. 81-93 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Meiosis has been studied in five European and four South American species of Briza. The various species have different chiasma frequencies and different patterns of chiasma localisation. Population studies show that there are significant differences in mean plant chiasma frequency between populations of B. maxima whereas B. media and B. spicata do not show interpopulation differences. B. media is shown to have diploid and autotetraploid races and the distribution of these chromosome races in Europe has been plotted. The South American species studied are all bivalent forming tetraploids and would therefore appear to have an allopolyploid origin. Interchange heterozygosity has been found in B. media and B. elatior, different populations of B. media have been shown to be heterozygous for different interchanges. These topics are discussed in relation to the regulation of recombination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 49 (1975), S. 299-308 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome numbers have been determined and karyotypes studied in several species of the genus Briza L. Nuclear DNA amounts have also been determined for some of the species and show a considerable variation between the species. The evolution of the karyotypes, particularly that of B. minor, is discussed and an attempt made to relate nuclear DNA content to karyotypes, breeding systems and habit in the different species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Gasterosteus aculeatus ; Poecilia reticulata ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Gene families ; Mhc organization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In tetrapods, the functional (classical) class I and class II B loci of the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) are tightly linked in a single chromosomal region. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that in the zebrafish, Danio rerio, order Cypriniformes, the two classes are present on different chromosomes. Here, we show that the situation is similar in the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, order Gasterosteiformes, the common guppy, Poecilia reticulata, order Cyprinodontiformes, and the cichlid fish Oreochromis niloticus, order Perciformes. These data, together with unpublished results from other laboratories suggest that in all Euteleostei, the classical class I and class II B loci are in separate linkage groups, and that in at least some of these taxa, the class II loci are in two different groups. Since Euteleostei are at least as numerous as tetrapods, in approximately one-half of jawed vertebrates, the class I and class II regions are not linked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 59 (1976), S. 73-81 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract B chromosomes have been found in populations of Briza spicata, B. elatior and both diploid and tetraploid races of B. media. In B. media the B chromosomes show non-Mendelian inheritance with an accumulation mechanism on the male side. At meiosis B chromosomes have no apparent effect on chiasma frequency in either B. media or B. elatior. F1 hybrids of B. media and B. elatior, in the absence of B chromosomes, have high chiasma frequencies but with the addition of B chromosomes there is a considerable reduction in the chiasma frequency of these plants. In the F1 hybrids there is a very marked dosage effect of B chromosome number on chiasma frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...