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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuromedin U-immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the small intestine of the pig and its coexistence with substance P and CGRP (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuromedin U (NMU) ; Substance P (SP) ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Enteric nervous system ; Nerve plexus ; Small intestine ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the small intestine of the pig, neuromedin U (NMU)-immunoreactivity was mainly confined to the nerve plexus of the inner submucosal and mucosal regions. After colchicine treatment, a high number of immunoreactive nerve cell bodies was observed in the plexus submucosus internus (Meissner), whereas only a low number was found in the plexus submucosus externus (Schabadasch). The plexus myentericus as well as the aganglionic nerve meshworks in the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers almost completely lacked NMU-immunoreactivity. Double-labeling experiments demonstrated the occurrence of distinct NMU-containing neuron populations in the plexus submucosus internus: (1) relatively large type-II neurons revealing immunoreactivity for NMU and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and/or substance P (SP); (2) a group of small NMU- and SP-immunoreactive neurons; (3) a relatively low number of small neurons displaying immunoreactivity for NMU but not for SP. Based on its distributional pattern, it is concluded that NMU plays an important role in the regulation and control of mucosal functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239453
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein immunohistochemistry for defining the structure and topographical relationship of the different enteric nerve plexuses in the small intestine of the pig (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuron-specific enolase ; S-100 protein ; Enteric nervous system ; Small intestine ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological and topographical features of the intramural enteric nervous system in the small intestine of the pig has been studied on whole mounts by means of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein immu-nohistochemistry. A clear visualization of the myenteric plexus allows the recognition of its characteristic morphology, including the thin tertiary plexus coursing within the smooth muscle layers. In the tela submucosa two ganglionated plexuses, each with its own specific characteristics, can clearly be demonstrated: (1) the plexus submucosus externus (Schabadasch) located near the inner surface of the circular muscle layer at the abluminal side of the submucosal vascular arcades, and (2) the plexus submucosus internus (Meissner) close to the outer surface of the lamina muscularis mucosae at the luminal side of the submucosal vascular arcades. Due to the possibility to trace clearly the perivascular plexuses of these vascular arcades by use of immunohistochemical techniques with antibodies to NSE and S-100 protein, the two submucosal nerve plexuses can be demonstrated with exceptional clarity. This is the first report of an investigation of the intramural nerve plexuses of the small intestine of the pig using the NSE and S-100 immunostaining methods, which is sufficiently detailed to substantiate the characteristic topography and structure of the two submucosal plexuses and their relation to the smooth muscle layers and perivascular plexuses. The level of NSE immunoreactivity for enteric neurons displays great variation, a substantial proportion of the type-II neurons appearing strongly stained. Although little is known of the specific function of these enzymes, proposals are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224719
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinct distribution of CGRP-, enkephalin-, galanin-, neuromedin U-, neuropeptide Y-, somatostatin-, substance P-, VIP- and serotonin-containing neurons in the two submucosal ganglionic neural networks of the porcine small intestine (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 367-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Submucosal plexuses ; Enteric nervous system ; Small intestine ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In addition to differences between the two submucosal ganglionic neural networks, i.e., the plexus submucosus externus (Schabadasch) and the plexus submucosus internus (Meissner), with respect to the occurrence and distribution of serotonin as neurotransmitter, immunocytochemistry also revealed a distinct distribution for various neuropeptides in these two plexuses. Immunoreactivity for galanin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, neuromedin U, enkephalin, somatostatin and neuropeptide Y was found in varicose and non-varicose nerve fibres of both submucosal ganglionic plexuses, albeit with a distinct distributional pattern. The difference in neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator content between both neural networks became even more obvious when attention was focussed on the immunoreactivity of the nerve cell bodies for these substances. Indeed, neuropeptide Y, enkephalin-and somatostatin-immunoreactive neuronal perikarya as well as serotonergic neuronal cell bodies appear solely in the plexus submucosus externus. Neuromedin U-immunoreactive perikarya, mostly coexisting with substance P, are observed in large numbers in the plexus submucosus internus, whilst they are rare in the plexus submucosus externus. Double-labelling immunostaining for substance P with CGRP and galanin revealed a different coexistence pattern for the two submucosal ganglionic plexuses. The differing chemical content of the neuronal populations supports the hypothesis that the existence of the two submucosal ganglionic plexuses, present in most large mammals including man, not only reflects a morphological difference but also points to differentiated functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318639
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of neurons in the porcine caudal mesenteric ganglion projecting to the vas deferens and seminal vesicle (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vas deferens ; Seminal vesicle ; Neuopeptides ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Caudal mesenteric ganglion ; Retrograde tracing ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Combined retrograde tracing (using fluorescent tracer Fast Blue) and double-labelling immunofluorescence were used to study the distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of neurons in the porcine caudal mesenteric ganglion projecting to the vas deferens and seminal vesicle. The distribution and immunohistochemical properties of neurons projecting to both organs were similar. As revealed by retrograde tracing, Fast Blue-positive neurons were located within the left and right ganglia, with a distinct predominance in the ipsilateral one. In the ipsilateral ganglion, the majority of the neurons were located caudally, along the dorso-lateral ganglionic border, suggesting a somatotopic organization of the ganglion. Immunohistochemistry revealed four populations of retrogradely labelled neurons (from the largest to the smaller one): tyrosine hydroxylase-positive/neuropeptide Y-negative (TH+/NPY-), TH+/NPY+, TH-/NPY-, TH-/NPY+. With respect to their surrounding nerve fibres, two subpopulations of the dye-labelled neurons could be distinguished. The small one consisted of solitary neurons receiving a strong calcitonin gene-related peptide- and Leu5-enkephalin-, and a less intense vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive innervation. The remaining neurons were poorly supplied by singular nerve fibres containing some of the investigated peptides. We conclude that the caudal mesenteric ganglion should be considered as a prominent source of adrenergic and/or NPY-positive innervation for the porcine male reproductive tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319133
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of neurons in the porcine caudal mesenteric ganglion projecting to the vas deferens and seminal vesicle (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Vas deferens ; Seminal vesicle ; Neuropeptides ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Caudal mesenteric ganglion ; Retrograde tracing ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Combined retrograde tracing (using fluorescent tracer Fast Blue) and double-labelling immunofluorescence were used to study the distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of neurons in the porcine caudal mesenteric ganglion projecting to the vas deferens and seminal vesicle. The distribution and immunohistochemical properties of neurons projecting to both organs were similar. As revealed by retrograde tracing, Fast Blue-positive neurons were located within the left and right ganglia, with a distinct predominance in the ipsilateral one. In the ipsilateral ganglion, the majority of the neurons were located caudally, along the dorso-lateral ganglionic border, suggesting a somatotopic organization of the ganglion. Immunohistochemistry revealed four populations of retrogradely labelled neurons (from the largest to the smaller one): tyrosine hydroxylase-positive/neuropeptide Y-negative (TH+/NPY−), TH+/NPY+, TH−/NPY−, TH−/NPY+. With respect to their surrounding nerve fibres, two subpopulations of the dye-labelled neurons could be distinguished. The small one consisted of solitary neurons receiving a strong calcitonin gene-related peptide- and Leu5-enkephalin-, and a less intense vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive innervation. The remaining neurons were poorly supplied by singular nerve fibres containing some of the investigated peptides. We conclude that the caudal mesenteric ganglion should be considered as a prominent source of adrenergic and/or NPY-positive innervation for the porcine male reproductive tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050459
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