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  • Springer  (500)
  • Springer Nature  (91)
  • Cell Press  (61)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International  (23)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
  • Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The suitability of restriction fragment length polymorphisms as genetic markers in maize (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1986), S. 765-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays L ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ; Genetic mapping ; B-A translocations ; Recombinant inbreds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Strain identification in Zea mays by restriction fragment length polymorphism should be feasible due to the high degree of polymorphism found at many loci. The polymorphism in maize is apparently higher than that currently known for any other organism. Five randomly selected maize inbred lines were examined by Southern filter hybridization with probes of cloned low copy sequences. Typically, several alleles could be distinguished among the inbred lines with any one probe and an appropriately selected restriction enzyme. Despite considerable polymorphism at the DNA level, 16 RFLP markers in three inbred lines of maize were examined for six to 11 generations and found be stable. Mapping of RFLP markers in maize can be accelerated by the use of B-A translocation stocks, which enable localization of a marker to chromosome arm in one generation. The use of recombinant inbred lines in further refinement of the map is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276416
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNase I hypersensitivity and expression of the Shrunken-1 gene of maize (1987)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 8 (1987), S. 251-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chromatin structure ; DNase I hypersensitivity ; gene expression ; sucrose synthetase ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The local chromatin structure of the Shrunken-1 (Sh) gene of maize was probed by analyzing DNase I hypersensitivity. Sh encodes the gene for sucrose synthetase, a major starch biosynthetic enzyme, which is maximally expressed in the endosperm during seed maturation. In addition to general DNase I sensitivity, specific DNase I hypersensitive sites were identified in endosperm chromatin that mapped near the 5′ end of the Sh gene. The pattern of hypersensitive sites and their relative sensitivity were altered in other non-dormant tissues that produce little or no enzyme. However, some changes in chromatin structure appear to be independent of Sh gene expression and may reflect general alterations associated with plant development. The chromatin structure of several sh mutations, induced by Ds controlling element insertions, was also analyzed. Although the insertions perturbed expression of the gene, there were no notable effects on local chromatin structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015033
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Barbara McClintock: Nobel prize in physiology/medicine (1983)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0968-0004
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4326
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 4
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    Ds controlling elements of maize at the shrunken locus are large and dissimilar insertions (1982)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0092-8674
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4172
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Components of phototaxis of the nematode Mermis nigrescens (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 167 (1990), S. 245-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Undulatory locomotion ; Scanning motion ; Directed turn ; Orientation ; Phototaxis ; Klinotaxis ; Photomovement ; Nematode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gravid females of Mermis are positively phototaxic at the time of their migration to egglaying sites in vegetation on which their grasshopper hosts feed. On a horizontal felt surface, segments of the path traced by the tail are oriented approximately towards a source of monochromatic light in the 350–540 nm region, but are not oriented at longer wavelengths and in the dark. The components of this phototaxis include locomotion by the posterior 4/5 of the body, orientational bending of the neck region while the anterior is held above the substrate, and a scanning motion (bending) of the head region (anterior 2 mm). Like other nematodes and snakes, propulsion is associated with posteriorly propagated body waves, but unlike other animals known, the waves tend to lie perpendicular to a felt surface, and unlike other nematodes, contact with the surface is on the female's ventral surface. The body waves are initiated by the motion of the anterior 1/5 (15 mm) of the body, the average orientation of which determines the path of the following 4/5. During phototaxis, the anterior tip is swung both sideways and vertically about the direction towards the light source. The tip motion is a result of a scanning motion of the head and a slower orientational bending of the neck. The base of the head appears to be actively directed towards the source by the bending of the neck. This behavior can resolve two light sources positioned 120° apart but not 90° apart. The scanning motion of the head is independent of neck orientation and appears to enhance the probability of discovering the direction of a new source. Discovery is followed by a directed turn of the base of the head towards the source which is initiated by the bending of the neck. Locomotion of the body follows the path of the anterior through the turn and phototaxis is thus initiated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188117
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intragenomic DNA sequence homologies in the chicken and other members of the classAves: DNA re-association under reduced stringency conditions (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 15 (1980), S. 291-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Avian genome evolution ; Intragenomic DNA sequence homology Reduced-stringency DNA reassociation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the intragenomic DNA sequence homologies of twelve species of birds representing five orders, and emphasizing Galliformes. This study differs in two important ways from the classical approaches taken in constructing and evaluating phylogenies based on DNA sequence similarities. Comparisons are made on the basis of sequence homologieswithin genomes of related birds, rather than between genomes. DNA is reassociated at 50°C in 0.5M phosphate buffer; these conditions allow formation and detection of duplexes containing more mismatch than would normally be permitted using more stringent conditions, affording an opportunity to observe more ancient sequence homologies. Thermal stability profiles of DNA duplexes formed under these conditions are the basis of comparison; three general patterns were observed. This approach emphasizes differences in sequence composition between genomes while the more traditional method of intergenomic tracer DNA hybridization at higher stringency emphasizes sequence similarities. No correlation was found between taxonomic position and intragenomic sequence composition, either within or between lineages. The thermal stability profiles of DNA duplexes formed within avian genomes did not reflect the biological similarities inferred from morphology, karyotype, and studies of interspecific hybridization. While all of the differences observed could have occurred over geological time, it was surprising that the genomes of the domestic chicken and the Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus) differ in their sequence compositions. It appears that amplification/reduction events and/or positional changes occur rather often during evolution of a lineage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01733136
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning motion, ocellar morphology and orientation mechanisms in the phototaxis of the nematode Mermis nigrescens (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 167 (1990), S. 257-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Scanning motion ; Shadowing ; Ocellus ; Mechanism ; Orientation ; Phototaxis ; Klinotaxis ; Photomovement ; Transverse phototaxis ; Nematode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The putative ocellus of Mermis females consists of a hollow cylinder of dense hemoglobin pigmentation located in the anterior tip. The exact location of the photoreceptive nerve endings, however, is unknown. During phototaxis a continual bending or scanning motion of the head (anterior 2 mm) causes the orientation of the tip to swing about the direction of the source. By turning off (shuttering) the light source whenever the tip orientation was to one side of the source direction, the average orientation of the base of the head, and eventually the body orientation, was caused to be biased about 28° to the opposite side. Because the shuttering was synchronized with the scanning motion, the scanning motion must be involved in the maintenance of orientation to light. The direction of the bias rules out a two-signal comparison mechanism of orientation and demonstrates that a deviation of the tip from the source direction must decrease, rather than increase, the illumination of the photoreceptors. These findings, and the ocellar morphology, require that the photoreceptors be located inside the hollow tube of pigmentation where they can be shadowed by the pigment during deviations of the tip. Focusing by the curved anterior end should cause a similar modulation of the illumination at this location. The occasional episodes of transverse phototaxis can be explained by the leakiness of the pigment walls to transverse illumination. Analysis of the motion of the anterior in the presence and absence of shuttering indicates that the orientation of the base of the head, due to the motion of the neck, is controlled by the signals generated during one or more cycles of the scanning motion of the head. The orientation may be regulated by the phase relationship between the photoreceptor signal and putative proprioceptive signals that indicate the bending in the head.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188118
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The promoter region of the carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III gene ofSqualus acanthias (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 43 (1996), S. 602-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Squalus acanthias ; Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase ; Promoter ; Rana catesbeiana ; TATA box ; TACAAA ; C/EBP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III (CPSase III) ofSqualus acanthias (spiny dogfish) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes glutamine-dependent formation of carbamoyl phosphate for urea synthesis. In this paper we report the results of cloning a 10-kb segment of genomic DNA which includes the region flanking the 5′ end of the spiny dogfish CPSase III gene. A total of 1,295 base pairs of sequence straddling the start codon was obtained. Primer extension experiments revealed that the transcription start site is the G located 114 residues upstream of the translation start codon ATG. The first exon has 240 base pairs, including the 5′ untranslated region, the coding sequence for the signal peptide (38 amino acids), and the four N-terminal amino acids of the mature enzyme. The boundary of the first exon and the first intron of the CPSase III gene is concordant with that of rat and frog (Rana catesbeiana) CPSase I, which have been suggested to have evolved from CPSase III. The putative TATA box sequence, TACAAA, is located at position −31 with an uncommonly found C at the third position. Two C/EBP binding site sequences, ATTCTGCAAG (−405 to −397) and GTGCAGTAAG (−168 to −160), were identified in the promoter region, which suggests that spiny dogfish CPSase III might be subjected to transactivation of transcription by C/EBP-related proteins, as has been reported for rat CPSase I. The preparation and binding of a recombinant RcC/EBP-1 protein (theR. catesbeiana homolog of the mammalian C/EBPα) to the two spiny dogfish C/EBP binding sequences are described. Two putative heatshock binding elements were also identified in the promoter region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02202108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Promoter Region of the Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthetase III Gene of Squalus acanthias (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 43 (1996), S. 602-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words:Squalus acanthias— Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase — Promoter —Rana catesbeiana— TATA box — TACAAA — C/EBP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III (CPSase III) of Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes glutamine-dependent formation of carbamoyl phosphate for urea synthesis. In this paper we report the results of cloning a 10-kb segment of genomic DNA which includes the region flanking the 5′ end of the spiny dogfish CPSase III gene. A total of 1,295 base pairs of sequence straddling the start codon was obtained. Primer extension experiments revealed that the transcription start site is the G located 114 residues upstream of the translation start codon ATG. The first exon has 240 base pairs, including the 5′ untranslated region, the coding sequence for the signal peptide (38 amino acids), and the four N-terminal amino acids of the mature enzyme. The boundary of the first exon and the first intron of the CPSase III gene is concordant with that of rat and frog (Rana catesbeiana) CPSase I, which have been suggested to have evolved from CPSase III. The putative TATA box sequence, TACAAA, is located at position −31 with an uncommonly found C at the third position. Two C/EBP binding site sequences, ATTCTGCAAG (−405 to −397) and GTGCAGTAAG (−168 to −160), were identified in the promoter region, which suggests that spiny dogfish CPSase III might be subjected to transactivation of transcription by C/EBP-related proteins, as has been reported for rat CPSase I. The preparation and binding of a recombinant RcC/EBP-1 protein (the R. catesbeiana homolog of the mammalian C/EBPα) to the two spiny dogfish C/EBP binding sequences are described. Two putative heat-shock binding elements were also identified in the promoter region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02202108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of collagen and mineral to the elastic anisotropy of bone (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Acoustic microscopy ; Bone ; Collagen fiber ; Elastic anisotropy ; Mineral crystal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It has long been thought that collagen fibers within the bone matrix are deposited in an aligned pattern that channels mineral growth. If this model of bone structure is correct, both organic and inorganic phases of bone should have similar elastic anisotropy. Using an acoustic microscope, we measured longitudinal and transverse acoustic velocities of cortical specimens taken from 10 dog femurs before and after removal of either the mineral (using 10% EDTA) or collagen phases (using 7% sodium hypochlorite) and calculated longitudinal (CL) and transverse (CT) elastic coefficients. The anisotropy ratio (CL/CT) decreased significantly after demineralization (1.61 before versus 1.06 after, P〈0.0001, paired t-test). However, there was no significant change after decollagenization (1.51 before versus 1.48 after, P=0.617, paired t-test). We conclude that the orientation of mineral crystals is the primary determinant of bone anisotropy, and the collagen matrix within osteonal bone has little directional orientation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299319
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