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  • Canadian Science Publishing  (5)
  • 1
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    Tissue chemistry of Abiesbalsamea and Betulapapyrifera var. cordifolia from subalpine forests of northeastern United States (1982)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-01
    Description: The concentrations of N, P, Ca, Mg, K, and Na are reported for leaf, twig, wood, bark, and root tissues for balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) and heart-leaved paper birch (Betulapapyrifera var. cordifolia (Reg.) Fernald), the dominant tree species in subalpine forests of the Appalachian Mountains of northeastern United States. The N concentrations of birch leaves (2.79%) and especially current fir needles (2.48%) were high relative to comparable data in the literature. Ca and Mg concentrations of fir needles and birch leaves were relatively low, while the concentrations of P and K were typical. These chemical relationships generally, but not consistently, reflected the nutrient status of the forest floor and mineral soil in this environment. We believe that the foliar nitrogen values are partly a result of the chemical nature of the precipitation and cloud droplets impinging on these forests.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 2
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    Concrete Frost along an Elevational Gradient in New Hampshire (1975)
    Canadian Science Publishing
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    Publication Date: 1975-12-01
    Description: The occurrence and duration of concrete frost were observed at 28 forested sites along an elevational gradient on a New Hampshire mountain. The presence of concrete frost was determined with an aluminum probe on 17 dates between November 1973 and June 1974. Concrete frost was found at all sample points in soils of coniferous forest ecosystems above 950-m elevation from mid-November to mid-May; some concrete frost remained into early June. Concrete frost occurred at most sample points in soils of transition zone forests that were composed of mixed hardwoods and conifers for 4 months, in soils of northern hardwoods forests for 2 months, and in soils of successional fir stands at low elevations for 4 months. Winter weather conditions and differences in leaf litter insulation probably accounted for the variation of soil frost beneath these forest types.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 3
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    Forest turnover and the dynamics of bole wood litter in subalpine balsam fir forest (1985)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: A chronosequence of three stands of balsam fir was sampled in 1974 and 1982; during these 8 years, recruitment was absent so mortality alone accounted for an 18–30% decrease in live tree density. In a mature 78-year-old stand, the mass of bole wood on the forest floor was 1.4 kg•m−2 compared with an estimated aboveground live and dead bole biomass of 17.2 kg•m−2. During 5 years of repetitive sampling, annual bole input to the forest floor was episodic and variable in time and space, ranging from 3 to 365 g•m−2•year−1. A mass balance model was used to characterize the changes in wood litter on the forest floor. If most of the live trees die within a short period of time, bole input would occur in a pulse event and cause a peak in wood litter mass, which would then decline over time (and with stand maturation) as decomposition prevails. The assumption of steady-state conditions for wood litter is not valid; rather the mass of wood litter will wax and wane through time. Over a landscape, spatial patterns in the abundance of wood litter reflect a stand's history; old mature stands would have little wood litter while young regenerating stands would have large amounts. A maximum value for wood litter would be found in a stand located immediately behind a fir wave. Natural disturbances from wind and avalanches lead to contrasting patterns with high and low wood litter values, respectively. About 41% of forest turnover in the balsam fir zone is initiated from natural disturbance and fir waves.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 4
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    Decomposition of red spruce and balsam fir boles in the White Mountains of New Hampshire (1982)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-01
    Description: Decomposition rates for red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) and balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) boles on the forest floor were determined for midelevation forests of the White Mountains from a chronosequence of previously logged stands. Density changes in wood and bark were described using a negative exponential model, yielding decay constants of 0.033 and 0.029/year for spruce and fir wood, respectively. The two species were not statistically different in terms of mass loss. Bole diameter had no influence on the decay rate of red spruce. Fir boles in midelevation forests decayed significantly faster than those in high-elevation forests measured in another study. Net accumulation of N, P, Ca, and Mg occurred in the wood of both species. N accumulated in bark, but P, Ca, and Mg behavior was variable. Na and K behavior was similar in the wood and bark of both species, with Na release concomitant with mass loss, while K was lost faster than mass. C:N ratios declined, and N:P ratios converged on a value of ca. 20, in the wood and bark of both species.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 5
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    Organic matter and major elements of the forest floors and soils in subalpine balsam fir forests (1981)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-01
    Description: Forest floors, fallen branches and fallen tree boles were sampled in 13 balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) stands in the subalpine zone (1220–1450 m) of the White Mountains in New Hampshire, U.S.A. These 13 stands were distributed in three sites of contrasting exposure, slope, and rockiness. Soil pits were excavated in three of the stands representing each of the three sites. The ash-free dry weights and major elemental contents of the forest floor and dead wood were compared along chronosequences following natural disturbances, between sites, and with other forest types. No significant trends in these components were found along chronosequence comparisons. For sites that are dissimilar in terms of physical position on the landscape and in the appearance of the trees, compensating biotic and abiotic factors apparently underlie the convergence in forest floor and soil characteristics, thereby eliminating site differences as well. The forest floor is massive; ash-free dry weight averages 92 200 kg•ha−1. Total soil profile ash-free weight is 323 600 kg•ha−1. The forest floor and mineral soil horizons are unusually rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, with weighted average ash-free nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of 2.42 and 0.23%, respectively, in the forest floor. Total nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the forest floor are 2300 and 217 kg•ha−1, respectively. The weight and nitrogen and phorphorus contents of the fir forest floor are greater than that found in other regional forests and coniferous forests in general.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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