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  • Articles  (12)
  • Cambridge University Press  (12)
  • Geosciences  (8)
  • Ethnic Sciences  (2)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (2)
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  • Articles  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myers, Ramon H.: The Chinese Peasant Economy: Agricultural Development in Hopei and Shantung, 1890–1949 : Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1970 (1975)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 9 (1975), S. 279-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00005060
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    The sugars and albuminoids of oat straw (1922)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1922-07-01
    Description: The newer knowledge of nutrition shows that cereals and seed products are deficient in calcium, sodium, chlorine, and unknown substances, called fat-soluble A and water-soluble B sometimes referred to as “vitamines” or “accessory food factors.”McCollum(1) in America, has gone the length of proving bj actual experiment that cows and their calves can be raised to perfection on nothing but the complete maize plant, although maize grain is well known as a very incomplete food. In spite of his demonstration, and in spite of the obvious fact that nothing could be more like grass than an entire cereal plant and therefore suited to herbivora, very few practical or theoretical agriculturists recognise that straw is the most likely thing in the world to correct for the deficiencies of grain feeding. The difficulty is to get straw that is eatable. The practical farmer, when he happens to get a good sample, accepts it as a gift of fate and is content to turn it into profit for himself as soon as he can. The object of the enquiry, or rather the series of enquiries of which this forms a part, is to adopt the more scientific mode of procedure and endeavour to find out what differences of feeding value naturally occur in oat straw, and which of the conditions needed for high feeding value could be repeated at will, and what light such investigation threw on the old question of why farmers in some districts can fatten cattle on swedes and straw whilst in other districts it is found impossible. Oat straw is plentiful in this country and is probably well supplied with the so-called food accessories, that is the things that the grains lack; the problem at issue is how to get more of the eatable kind and less of the uneatable kind. Provided that the straw is eaten in fair quantity, the possible diminution of growth power, by partial destruction of vitamines due to keeping straw in the stack, is of no practical importance because of the large amount of the straw.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 3
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    Status and trends of Adélie penguin populations in the Ross Sea region (1990)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-01
    Description: Aerial reconnaissance and photography were used in the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica to determine the breeding locations of Adelie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae, and to count the numbers of nests occupied during the early incubation period. From 1981 to 1987, all islands and sea coasts between 158°E and 175°E were searched, and 11 previously unreported breeding rookeries were discovered. Thirty-eight Adé1ie rookeries are now known from the region, with a total of about 1,082,000 breeding pairs — almost half the world population. Some rookeries were photographed in all, or most, of the seven seasons to study the pattern of natural fluctuations in Adelie populations, and comparisons have been made with earlier counts. Populations at nearly all rookeries have increased in size over the last 10–20 years. Possible reasons for this, and for annual fluctuations in numbers breeding, include seasonal variations in. sea ice and weather conditions, and longer-term climatic change.
    Print ISSN: 0032-2474
    Electronic ISSN: 1475-3057
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Geography
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 4
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    The Last Interglacial Ocean (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1984-02-01
    Description: The final effort of the CLIMAP project was a study of the last interglaciation, a time of minimum ice volume some 122,000 yr ago coincident with the Substage 5e oxygen isotopic minimum. Based on detailed oxygen isotope analyses and biotic census counts in 52 cores across the world ocean, last interglacial sea-surface temperatures (SST) were compared with those today. There are small SST departures in the mid-latitude North Atlantic (warmer) and the Gulf of Mexico (cooler). The eastern boundary currents of the South Atlantic and Pacific oceans are marked by large SST anomalies in individual cores, but their interpretations are precluded by no-analog problems and by discordancies among estimates from different biotic groups. In general, the last interglacial ocean was not significantly different from the modern ocean. The relative sequencing of ice decay versus oceanic warming on the Stage 6/5 oxygen isotopic transition and of ice growth versus oceanic cooling on the Stage 5e/5d transition was also studied. In most of the Southern Hemisphere, the oceanic response marked by the biotic census counts preceded (led) the global ice-volume response marked by the oxygen-isotope signal by several thousand years. The reverse pattern is evident in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, where the oceanic response lagged that of global ice volume by several thousand years. As a result, the very warm temperatures associated with the last interglaciation were regionally diachronous by several thousand years. These regional lead-lag relationships agree with those observed on other transitions and in long-term phase relationships; they cannot be explained simply as artifacts of bioturbational translations of the original signals.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 5
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    Late Wisconsinan Glaciation Models of Northern Maine and Adjacent Canada (1981)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-01
    Description: Surficial stratigraphic units of Aroostook County, Maine, have been mapped and formal stratigraphic names for these units are proposed. Evidence exists for at least two distinct glacial phases which are represented by three tills. Two of these tills were deposited penecontemporaneously either as the result of coalescing ice sheets or as the result of the thermal regime existing within a single ice sheet. The oldest till is named the St. Francis and is correlated with the Chaudière Till of southeastern Quebec. The other tills are named the Mars Hill and Van Buren tills, respectively, and are correlated with the Lennoxville till of southeastern Quebec. Interbedded stratified sediments associated with the St. Francis till are correlated with the Gayhurst Formation. Stratified sediments associated with Van Buren and Mars Hill tills are correlated with post Lennoxville sediments of Quebec. Granite-gneiss erratics of Canadian Shield provenance in the Van Buren till indicate advance of the Laurentide ice into northern Maine during late Wisconsinan time. Moraines in southern Aroostook County with associated outwash and eskers record general recession from coastal Maine. Recession occurred after the formation of the Pineo Ridge moraine in Maine and the St. Antonin-Highland Front moraine complex in Quebec. The Caribou-Winterville moraine complex in northern Maine marks the boundary between the penecontemporaneously deposited Van Buren and Mars Hill surface tills and is correlated with the Grand Falls moraine at Grand Falls, New Brunswick.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 6
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    Late Pleistocene Paleo-Oceanography of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea: Benthic Foraminiferal Evidence (1982)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-01
    Description: Fluctuations in benthic foraminiferal faunas over the last 130,000 yr in four piston cores from the Norwegian Sea are correlated with the standard worldwide oxygen-isotope stratigraphy. One species, Cibicides wuellerstorfi, dominates in the Holocene section of each core, but alternates downcore with Oridorsalis tener, a species dominant today only in the deepest part of the basin. O. tener is the most abundant species throughout the entire basin during periods of particularly cold climate when the Norwegian Sea presumably was ice covered year round and surface productivity lowered. Portions of isotope Stages 6, 3, and 2 are barren of benthic foraminifera; this is probably due to lowered benthic productivity, perhaps combined with dilution by ice-rafted sediment; there is no evidence that the Norwegian Sea became azoic. The Holocene and Substage 5e (the last interglacial) are similar faunally. This similarity, combined with other evidence, supports the presumption that the Norwegian Sea was a source of dense overflows into the North Atlantic during Substage 5e as it is today. Oxygen-isotope analyses of benthic foraminifera indicate that Norwegian Sea bottom waters warmer than they are today from Substage 5d to Stage 2, with the possible exception of Substage 5a. These data show that the glacial Norwegian Sea was not a sink for dense surface water, as it is now, and thus it was not a source of deep-water overflows. The benthic foraminiferal populations of the deep Norwegian Sea seem at least as responsive to near-surface conditions, such as sea-ice cover, as they are to fluctuations in the hydrography of the deep water. Benthic foraminiferal evidence from the Norwegian Sea is insufficient in itself to establish whether or not the basin was a source of overflows into the North Atlantic at any time between the Substage 5e/5d boundary at 115,000 yr B.P. and the Holocene.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 7
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    Late Pleistocene interactions of East and West Antarctic Ice-flow Regimes: evidence from the McMurdo Ice Shelf (1996)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-01
    Description: We present new interpretations of deglaciation in McMurdo Sound and the western Ross Sea, with observationally based reconstructions of interactions between East and West Antarctic ice at the last glacial maximum (LGM), 16000, 12000, 8000 and 4000 BP. At the LGM, East Antarctic ice from Mulock Glacier split; one branch turned westward south of Ross Island but the other branch rounded Ross Island before flowing southwest into McMurdo Sound. This flow regime, constrained by an ice saddle north of Ross Island, is consistent with the reconstruction of Stuiver and others (1981a). After the LGM, grounding-line retreat was most rapid in areas with greatest water depth, especially along the Victoria Land coast. By 12000 BP, the ice-now regime in McMurdo Sound changed to through-flowing Mulock Glacier ice, with lesser contributions from Koettlitz, Blue and Ferrar Glaciers, because the former ice saddle north of Ross Island was replaced by a dome. The modern flew regime was established ∼4000 BP. Ice derived from high elevations on the Polar Plateau but now stranded on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, and the pattern of the Transantarctic Mountains erratics support our reconstructions of Mulock Glacier ice rounding Minna Bluff but with all ice from Skelton Glacier ablating south of the bluff. They are inconsistent with Drewry’s (1979) LGM reconstruction that includes Skelton Glacier ice in the McMurdo-Sound through-flow. Drewry’s (1979) model closely approximates our results for 12000-4000 BP. Ice-sheet modeling holds promise for determining whether deglaciation proceeded by grounding-line retreat of an ice sheet that was largely stagnant, because it never approached equilibrium flowline profiles after the Ross Ice Shelf grounded, or of a dynamic ice sheet with flowline profiles kept low by active ice streams that extended northward from present-day outlet glaciers after the Ross Ice Shelf grounded.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1430
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5652
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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  • 8
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    Analysis of Bone “Collagen” Extraction Products for Radiocarbon Dating (2013)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-01
    Description: Archaeological bones are now routinely dated in many radiocarbon laboratories through the extraction of “collagen.” Methods for “collagen” extraction vary, and several laboratories now apply an ultrafiltration step after gelatinization to extract the higher molecular weight (usually 〉10 or 30kDa) fraction for dating, thereby removing low molecular weight contaminants. Ultrafiltration has been demonstrated to result in products that are easier to handle and have more acceptable C:N ratios, and in some instances can result in significantly improved (generally older) 14C dates when compared to non-ultrafiltered products from the same bone. Although it has been suggested that ultrafiltration removes potential contaminants such as short-chain degraded collagen and other peptides and amino acids, fulvic acids, and salts, there remains little published evidence to support this. This paper presents data from a pilot study investigating the most suitable techniques with which to study the products of the routine “collagen” extraction procedures employed at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU) (modified Longin followed by ultrafiltration). The preliminary data demonstrates that the final product of “collagen” extraction at ORAU appears to be an aggregate consisting of a range of proteins of different molecular weights, including collagen, as well as some other organic matter and inorganic species. Ultrafiltration is removing some, but not all, of the
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 9
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    Recent accumulation variability in northwest Greenland from ground-penetrating radar and shallow cores along the Greenland Inland Traverse (2014)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-01
    Description: Accumulation is a key parameter governing the mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet. Several studies have documented the spatial variability of accumulation over wide spatial scales, primarily using point data, remote sensing or modeling. Direct measurements of spatially extensive, detailed profiles of accumulation in Greenland, however, are rare. We used 400 MHz ground-penetrating radar along the 1009 km route of the Greenland Inland Traverse from Thule to Summit during April and May of 2011, to image continuous internal reflecting horizons. We dated these horizons using ice-core chemistry at each end of the traverse. Using density profiles measured along the traverse, we determined the depth to the horizons and the corresponding water-equivalent accumulation rates. The measured accumulation rates vary from ~0.1 m w.e. a–1 in the interior to ~0.7 m w.e. a–1 near the coast, and correspond broadly with existing published model results, though there are some excursions. Comparison of our recent accumulation rates with those collected along a similar route in the 1950s shows a ~10% increase in accumulation rates over the past 52 years along most of the traverse route. This implies that the increased water vapor capacity of warmer air is increasing accumulation in the interior of Greenland.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1430
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5652
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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  • 10
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    Effects of dietary phosphorus and nitrogen deficiencies on the intake, growth and metabolism of lambs (1993)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-01
    Description: SUMMARYThe effects of dietary deficiencies of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) were studied in 28 lambs allotted to seven treatments for 18 weeks. The lambs in four treatments were offered roughage-based diets ad libitum containing high (H) or low (L) levels of P (4·13 or 0·98 g/kg dry matter (DM)) and N (108 or 68 g crude protein/kg DM). The lambs in the remaining three treatments were fed the same quantities of DM of the HNHP diet as the lambs receiving the three deficient diets (HNLP, LNHP and LNLP). A dietary deficiency of P caused a reduced DM intake and liveweight gain, lower yields of N and DM in carcass muscle and reduced DM, N and P contents of bone. A dietary deficiency of N resulted in reductions in DM intake, liveweight gain, DM digestibility, N balance, and in carcass muscle and bone DM and N. The deficiencies of N and P were not additive in lowering food intake but were additive in reducing the mineralization of the bones. The DM intake of the lambs offered their diets ad libitum was closely correlated to the log of the plasma inorganic P and urea N concentrations (R =0·72). Feeding lambs with restricted quantities of diet HNHP resulted in higher liveweight gains and DM and N digestibilities than when any of the deficient diets were offered. Measurement of the N content of the lambs by a neutron capture gamma ray analysis technique showed that the changes were occurring progressively over the experimental period. The P content of the metatarsal bone, measured by a neutron activation technique, showed progressive changes. Although the faecal endogenous losses of P were related to P intake, high urinary losses were observed in those lambs which had their food intake limited by low dietary N alone, or had their food intakes restricted. The total endogenous P losses of the lambs were most closely dependent upon the DM intake and plasma inorganic P together. The efficiency of P absorption was high (〉 0·75) in all lambs except for those given the HNHP diet ad libitum. The glucose entry rate was reduced in the lambs offered diets deficient in either N or P. Mechanisms by which the N and P deficiencies reduce DM intake are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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