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  • Articles  (263)
  • Springer  (131)
  • Wiley  (104)
  • Cambridge University Press  (28)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free-electron laser for infrared SEW characterization surfaces of conducting and dielectric solids and nm films on them (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 67 (1998), S. 667-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 07.65.Gj; 42.65.Ky; 78.66.-w
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 , BaF2, MgO, LiNbO3 were determined. The nonlinear spectroscopy applications of SEW–FEL techniques to studies of a second-harmonic generation (SHG) on crystal surfaces in the regime of counterpropagating SEWs – the frequency dependence of efficiency and the influence of a thin film deposition on a quartz surface – are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050838
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman-Rayleigh-LIF measurements of temperature and species concentrations in the Delft piloted turbulent jet diffusion flame (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 95-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.62.Fi; 82.40.Py
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We report a series of Raman-Rayleigh-LIF measurements in two turbulent natural-gas jet diffusion flames produced by the Delft piloted jet diffusion flame burner. The main objective of the Raman-Rayleigh-LIF measurements was to obtain detailed information on the major species concentrations in the flames. The measurements provide simultaneous data on temperature, the concentrations of the major species and the radicals OH and NO and mixture fraction. The application of the Raman technique in the undiluted natural-gas flames proves to be very challenging because of the high fluorescence interference levels. The interference contributions to the recorded Raman signals are identified and subtracted using empirical correlations between the Raman signals and the signals on fluorescence interference monitor channels. The calibration and data reduction of the Raman-Rayleigh and LIF signals are discussed in detail. The resulting dataset compares excellently with data from previous experiments. Because the Raman-Rayleigh-LIF data provide quantitative concentrations and accordingly quantitative mixture fractions, they form a valuable and useful extension of the existing database for the Delft piloted jet diffusion flame burner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400000278
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic behavior of photoablation products of corneal tissue in the mid-IR: a study with FELIX (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 68 (1999), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 79.20.D; 87.50.H; 41.60.C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 2 . Dynamic parameters such as the extension of the ablation cloud, the initial velocity and momentum of the ablated particles as well as the ablation threshold, the ablated mass, and the particle size were investigated. The ablation plume was made visible with a stroboscopic technique. For a fluence of 3.1 J/cm2 the average initial velocity of the ejected particles was deduced from the extension of the plume to range from 120–400 m/s. Measurements of the recoil momentum using a sensitive pendulum led to values between 0.5 and 2.0 mm g/s. All measured properties were related to the spectroscopically determined absorption coefficient of cornea αcornea. Where absorption due to proteins is high (at λ=6.2 and 6.5 μm), ablated mass, velocity and recoil momentum behave according to αcornea. For the first time, variations of the ablation plume from pulse to pulse were observed. Those, as well as the particle size, not only depend on the absorption coefficient, but also on the predominant absorber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050595
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of novel metabolic pathways for the degradation of chloroaromatic compounds (1997)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 (1997), S. 159-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: aromatic pathways ; chlorobenzenes ; evolution ; genes ; plasmids ; pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chlorobenzenes are substrates not easily metabolized by existing bacteria in the environment. Specific strains, however, have been isolated from polluted environments or in laboratory selection procedures that use chlorobenzenes as their sole carbon and energy source. Genetic analysis indicated that these bacteria have acquired a novel combination of previously existing genes. One of these gene clusters contains the genes for an aromatic ring dioxy-genase and a dihydrodiol dehydrogenase. The other contains the genes for a chlorocatechol oxidative pathway. Comparison of such gene clusters with those from other aromatics degrading bacteria reveals that this process of recombining or assembly of existing genetic material must have occurred in many of them. Similarities of gene functions between pathways suggest that incorporation of existing genetic material has been the most important mechanism of expanding a metabolic pathway. Only in a few cases a horizontal expansion, that is acqui sition of gene functions to accomodate a wider range of substrates which are then all transformed in one central pathway, is observed on the genetic level. Evidence is presented indicating that the assembly process may trigger a faster divergence of nearby gene sequences. Further ‘fine-tuning’, for example by developing a proper regulation, is then the next step in the adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000166400935
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of denitrification activity but not of mRNA induction in Paracoccus denitrificans by nitrite at a suboptimal pH (1997)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: denitrification ; pH ; nitrite reductase ; Paracoccus denitrificans ; mRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of pH on the denitrification activity of a continuous culture of Paracoccus denitrificans was studied in relation to the presence of nitrite. After a transition from aerobic to anaerobic conditions at the suboptimal pH of 6.8, P. denitrificans was not able to build up a functional denitrification pathway. Nitrite accumulated in the medium as the predominant denitrification product. Although the nitrite reductase gene was induced properly, the enzyme could not be detected at sufficient amounts in the culture. These observations indicate that either translation was somehow inhibited, or once synthesized nitrite reductase was inactivated, possibly by the high concentrations of nitrous acid (HNO2. Interestingly, when a P. denitrificans culture which was grown to steady-state under anaerobic conditions was then exposed to suboptimal pHs, cells exhibited a reduced overall denitrification activity, but neither nitrite nor any other denitrification intermediate accumulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000342125891
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration-Dependent Changes of PCB Patterns in Fish-Eating Mammals: Structural Evidence for Induction of Cytochrome P450 (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 33 (1997), S. 298-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Data sets on CB concentrations in fish-eating mammals from five laboratories were combined to test and refine a pharmacokinetic model. Clear differences in PCB patterns were observed between species. The ability to metabolize chlorobiphenyl (CB) congeners with vicinal H-atoms only in the ortho- and meta-positions and with one ortho-chlorine substituent generally increased in the order otter 〈 cetaceans (harbor porpoise, common dolphin) 〈 phocid seals (harbor and grey seal), but the metabolism of congeners with vicinal H-atoms in the meta- and para-positions and with two ortho-chlorines increased in the order cetaceans 〈 seals 〈 otter. Both categories of congeners are probably metabolized by different families of cytochrome P450 (1A and 2B) of which levels apparently differed between the cetaceans, the pinnipeds, and the otter. Within-species CB patterns differed in a concentration-dependent manner. The induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes offers the most likely explanation for this phenomenon, but starvation could have a similar effect on occasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900257
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of interfacial regions by sum-frequency generation with a free-electron laser (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 41.60.Cr; 42.60.By; 42.65.Ky
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  The use of a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) allows the study of (non)linear optical properties of materials over unsurpassed large spectral intervals. As an example, we report on the use of a FEL as the infrared source in spectroscopic infrared–visible Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG). Employing the extremely wide tunability of the Free-Electron Laser for Infrared eXperiments (FELIX) at Rijnhuizen, we have studied the frequency dependence of the nonline ar susceptibility for sum- frequency generation in gallium phosphide between 20 and 32 μm in great detail. We have developed a short-pulse visible laser system that is highly synchronous with FELIX thereby creating a two-color setup that can be broadly applied. Resonantly enhanced SFG in alpha-quartz has been used to study the relative timing stability of FELIX and the synchronized picosecond-laser system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050079
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the Parathyroid Hormone Receptor and Correlation with Other Osteoblastic Parameters in Fetal Rat Osteoblasts (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 58 (1996), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: PTH receptor — Osteocalcin — Alkaline phosphatase.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Primary fetal rat calvarial cell cultures were examined for the expression of different osteoblastic parameters at the single cell level and in the whole population. The presence of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor was studied by employing receptor autoradiography. After 3 days of culture, 10% of the cells expressed the PTH receptor. Immunolocalization of osteocalcin in 3-day-old cell cultures was found to be strongly correlated with the presence of the PTH receptor. Alkaline phosphatase (APase) localization in 3-day-old cultures correlated with only 69% of the PTH receptor expressing cells. Our results show that in 3-day-old rat calvarial cell cultures, only about 10% of the cells show markers of osteoblastic differentiation. The presence of the PTH receptor is strongly correlated with the presence of osteocalcin, but less with the presence of APase, indicating that it is the mature osteoblast that expresses the PTH receptor. After 7 days of culture, most receptor labeling, APase, and osteocalcin expression was found in multilayered areas of cells (nodules).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900017
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement and application of an infrared image restoration filter to improve the accuracy of surface temperature measurements of cubes (1999)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 26 (1999), S. 86-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  This paper presents the experimental investigation of the application of an image restoration technique aimed at improving the accuracy of infrared surface temperature measurements of cubes placed in a vertical channel flow. These cubes, used to determine distributions of the local heat transfer coefficient, show large spatial temperature gradients. The image restoration technique, developed to correct the spatial image degradation, is based on the two-dimensional Optical Transfer Function constructed from line spread functions (LSF). The benefit of the application of the infrared image restoration technique is verified with temperature measurements acquired from a second independent technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050267
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence Quenching of Auramine in Fluid Solutions: A Femtosecond Spectroscopy Study (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of fluorescence 10 (2000), S. 155-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4994
    Keywords: Fluorescent probe ; ultrafast spectroscopy ; barrierless twisting ; charge shift
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The quenching of Auramine fluorescence in ethanol is studied by two ultrafast spectroscopy techniques. The gain band, probed by transient absorption spectroscopy, vanishes in a few picoseconds, while a transient absorption band rises and the ground-state repopulation is delayed. In up-conversion experiments, nonexponential wavelength-dependent fluorescence decays are observed. The average decay times increase with the wavelength and the reconstructed instantaneous spectrum exhibits a few hundred-wavenumber red shift and a broadening while its intensity drops. The previously proposed relaxation model, involving a barrierless internal twisting motion toward a transient dark state, is further examined. In particular, the extinction coefficients of the transient state are extracted from the differential absorption spectra. The band is found to lie in the same wavelength range as the dimethylaniline cation radical. This result is discussed as a possible support for an internal twisting process involving a charge shift.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009495109948
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