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  • Organic farming  (2)
  • Springer  (2)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Institute of Physics
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  • Springer  (2)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Institute of Physics
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of an augmented nitrification assay to elucidate the effects of a spring barley crop and manures on temporal variations in rates (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 378-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Nitrification ; Manures ; Organic farming ; Controlling factors ; Augmented nitrification assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of crop plants and farmyard or poultry manure applications on temporal variations in nitrification rates were measured in a field experiment. In order to elucidate factors which may have been governing such rates, an augmented nitrification assay was applied. The basis of the assay was to measure nitrification rates under circumstances where substrate, i.e. ammonium-ion, and water and spatial constraints had been removed. Nitrification rates showed marked temporal variation, of over one order of magnitude, throughout the growing season. Nitrification rates were also similarly increased when substrate and spatial constraints were removed, but distinct temporal variations still persisted. The pattern of such variations varied according to assay conditions in the augmented nitrification assay. Barley plants had a statistically significant effect on nitrification rates, positive early in the growing season and negative at the end. Manures stimulated nitrification, with poultry manure having a greater effect than farmyard manure, and there was evidence for a relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic activity. Factors other than ammonium-ion concentration and water or spatial restrictions must also regulate nitrification rates in mineral soils; these could include population size or interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050261
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of animal manure application and crop plants upon size and activity of soil microbial biomass under organically grown spring barley (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 372-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial biomass ; Organic farming ; Soil respiration ; Farmyard manure ; Poultry manure ; Hordeum vulgare ; Barley ; Fumigation extraction ; technique ; Fumigation incubation technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Temporal behaviour of microbial biomass C, N and respiration was measured under barley crops in two experiments on successive years in a recently converted organic production system in Scotland. Soils were fertilised with farmyard manure or poultry manure. Control soils received no manure at the start of the growing season. The effects of plants was also investigated by maintaining fallow subplots. C-flush values approximately doubled over the growing season in both years of the trial, showing a decline to pre-sowing values between the two seasons. This occurred in all soils, whether manured or not, or planted or fallow. Manure tended to increase the C-flush in the 2nd year only. N-flush in the 2nd year showed no increase in planted control plots but did increase in fallow soils. Manures significantly increased the N-flush. Respiration rates were stimulated by the presence of plants. Respiration rates were measured from soils taken from the field at post-sowing, mid-season and post-harvest occasions and incubated under constant conditions for up to 1 year. Here there was evidence that the effects of sampling and adjusting the moisture status could be as great upon microbial activity as the addition of the manures. C-flush also showed a consistent and persistent increase in these incubated soils. This suggests that the fundamental C-supplying characteristics of these soils was such that the biomass was moving towards a new equilibrium value fuelled by the relatively recent introduction of the organic farming regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050260
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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