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  • Copernicus  (487)
  • Cambridge University Press  (229)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (215)
  • 1
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    Structurally controlled hazard mapping of Southern Leyte, Philippines (2015)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-01
    Description: The 2006 Guinsaugon landslide in St. Bernard, Southern Leyte is one of the largest known landslides in the Philippines in recent history. It consists of a 15–20 million m3 rockslide-debris avalanche from an approximately 675 m high mountain weakened by continuous movement of the Philippine fault. The catastrophic Guinsaugon landslide killed 1221 people and displaced 19 000 residents over its 4.5 km path. To investigate the present day morphology of the scar and potential failure that may occur, analysis of a 5 m resolution IfSAR-derived Digital Elevation Model was conducted using Coltop3D and Matterocking software, leading to the generation of a landslide hazard map for the province of Southern Leyte in Central Philippines. The dip and dip-direction of discontinuity sets that contribute to gravitational failure in mountainous areas of the province were identified and measured using a lower Schmidt-Lambert color scheme. After measurement of the morpho-structural orientations, potential sites of failure were analyzed. Conefall was then utilized to compute the extent of rock mass runout. Results of the analysis show instability in the scarp area of the 2006 Guinsaugon landslide and in adjacent slopes because of the presence of steep discontinuities that range from 45–60°. Apart from the 2006 Guinsaugon landslide site, runout models simulated farther rock mass extent in its adjacent slopes, revealing a high potential for fatal landslides to happen in the municipality of St. Bernard. Concerned agencies may use maps produced in the same manner as this study to identify possible sites where structurally-controlled landslides can occur. In a country like the Philippines, where fractures and faults are common, this type of simulated hazard maps would be useful for disaster prevention and facilitate disaster risk reduction efforts for landslide-susceptible areas.
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 2
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    Long-term regional precipitation disparity in northwestern China and its driving forces (2014)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-04
    Description: Subject to the unique physical setting of northwestern China (NW China), precipitation in the region is characterized by salient regional differences. Yet, the long-term regional precipitation disparity in NW China still remains insufficiently-explored. In the present study, we base on historical documentation to reconstruct the precipitation indices of two macro regions in NW China between AD580–1979 to address the following issues: (1) determine the multi-decadal to centennial regional precipitation disparity in NW China, a topic which has not been systematically examined in previous paleo-climate/paleo-environment studies; and (2) find the major driving forces behind it. Wavelet analysis, which is ideal for analyzing non-stationary systems, is applied. Our results show that there is significant regional discrepancy of precipitation change in NW China over extended period. Although there is significant association between the regional precipitation disparity in NW China and various modes of atmospheric circulation, the association is characterized by a regime shift during the transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. Most importantly, the low-frequency cycle of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation is found to be the most prominent pacemaker of regional precipitation disparity in NW China at the multi-decadal to centennial timescales. Our findings help to demonstrate which atmospheric circulation is primarily responsible for the long-term regional precipitation disparity in NW China, which may have important implications for water resource management in NW China in the near future.
    Print ISSN: 1814-9340
    Electronic ISSN: 1814-9359
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 3
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    Relative roles of local disturbance, current climate and palaeoclimate in determining phylogenetic and functional diversity in Chinese forests (2013)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-05
    Description: The main processes underlying the generation and maintenance of biodiversity include both local factors such as competition and abiotic filtering and regional forces such as palaeoclimate, speciation and dispersal. While the effects of regional and local drivers on species diversity are increasingly studied, their relative importance for other aspects of diversity, notably phylogenetic and functional diversity is so far little studied. Here, we link data from large Chinese forest plots to data on current and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate as well as local disturbance regimes to study their relative roles in determining woody plant phylogenetic and functional diversity in this important hotspot for woody plant diversity. Local disturbance was the best predictor of functional diversity as represented by maximum canopy height (Hmax), probably reflecting the dominant role of competition for light in determining the forest Hmax structure. In contrast, the LGM-present anomaly in temperature was the factor with the strongest explanatory power for phylogenetic diversity, with modern climate also important. Hence, local contemporary and regional historical factors have highly contrasting importance for the geographic patterns of the functional and phylogenetic aspects of Chinese forest woody plant diversity. Importantly, contemporary factors are of overriding importance for functional diversity, while palaeoclimate has left a strong signature in the phylogenetic diversity patterns.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 4
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    Relative roles of local disturbance, current climate and paleoclimate in determining phylogenetic and functional diversity in Chinese forests (2014)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-10
    Description: The main processes underlying the generation and maintenance of biodiversity include both local factors such as competition and abiotic filtering and regional forces such as paleoclimate, speciation and dispersal. While the effects of regional and local drivers on species diversity are increasingly studied, their relative importance for other aspects of diversity, notably phylogenetic and functional diversity is so far little studied. Here, we link data from large Chinese forest plots to data on current and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate as well as local disturbance regimes to study their relative roles in determining woody plant phylogenetic and functional diversity in this important hotspot for woody plant diversity. Local disturbance was the best predictor of functional diversity as represented by maximum canopy height (Hmax), probably reflecting the dominant role of competition for light in determining the forest Hmax structure. In contrast, the LGM–present anomaly in temperature was the factor with the strongest explanatory power for phylogenetic diversity, with modern climate also important. Hence, local contemporary and regional historical factors have highly contrasting importance for the geographic patterns of the functional (as represented by variation in maximum canopy height) and phylogenetic aspects of Chinese forest's woody plant diversity. Importantly, contemporary factors are of overriding importance for functional diversity, while paleoclimate has left a strong signature in the phylogenetic diversity patterns.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Electric Fields on the Boiling Points of Liquids (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 198 (1963), S. 181-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Beckmann thermometer used by Katti and Chaudhri was replaced by a thermometer graduated in deg. C reading to a tenth of a degree. This enabled us to read the actual temperature. It was immediately noticed that with the previously used experimental arrangement the temperature recorded by the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/198181a0
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  • 6
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    Snow density retrieval using SAR data: algorithm validation and applications in part of North Western Himalaya (2013)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-03
    Description: The current study has been done using Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to estimate the dry snow density in Manali sub-basin of Beas River located in state of Himachal Pradesh, India. SAR data from Radarsat-2 (RS2), Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT), Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) and Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)-Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) have been used. The SAR based inversion models were implemented separately for fully polarimetric RS2, PALSAR and dual polarimetric ASAR Alternate polarization System (APS) datasets in Mathematica and MATLAB software and have been used for finding out dry snow dielectric constant and snow density. Masks for forest, built area, layover and shadow were considered in estimating snow parameters. Overall accuracy in terms of R2 value and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was calculated as 0.85 and 0.03 g cm−3 for snow density based on the ground truth data. The retrieved snow density is highly useful for snow avalanche and snowmelt runoff modeling related studies of this region.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0440
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 7
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    Theoretical simulation of O+ and H+ densities in the Indian low latitude F-region and comparison with observations (2002)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-31
    Description: The O+ and H+ ion density distributions in the Indian low latitude F-region, within ± 15° magnetic latitudes, are simulated using a time dependent model developed on the basis of solution of the plasma continuity equation. The simulated ion densities for solar minimum June and December solstices are then compared with ionosonde observations from the period 1959–1979 and measurements made by the Indian SROSS C2 satellite during 1995–1996 at an altitude of ~ 500 km. The simulated O+ density has a minimum around pre-sunrise hours and a maximum during noontime. H+ density is higher at nighttime and lower during the day. The simulations reproduced the well-known equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) observed in electron density at the peak of the F2-region in the Indian low latitude sector during solar minimum. In situ measurement of O+ density by the SROSS C2, however, showed a single peak of ionization around the equator.Key words. Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere; modeling and forecasting)
    Print ISSN: 0992-7689
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0576
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malay Reservations and Malay Land Ownership in Semenyih and Ulu Semenyih Mukims Selangor (1976)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 10 (1976), S. 509-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Scant attention has been paid to the study of ownership of agricultural land in Peninsular Malaysia, and the dearth of research on this important topic is largely due to the lack of source materials and the difficulty of collecting such materials. A major source of information on land ownership is the land titles which are filed in the Registration of Titles Office (for lots of land exceeding 4 ha.) in the State capitals, and in the Land Office (for lots below 4 ha.) in the district capitals, and the potentiality of these records for geographic investigation has barely been tapped. The registration of land ownership in Peninsular Malaysia is based on the Torrens System which represents ‘a system of registration of transactions with interests in land whose declared object is, under Government authority, to establish and certify to the ownership of an absolute and indefeasible title to land and to simplify its transfer’. Under this system, land alienation involves cadastral surveys to delineate the boundaries of individual parcels of land, to each of which a non-recurring identification number is assigned. All details relating to the size, date of registration, land-use conditions, and transactions for each parcel of land are entered in the land registers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00014931
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MERLIN observations of superluminal radio sources (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 788-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Powerful extragalactic radio sources may all be members of a single family in which those showing superluminal behaviour are the ones in which a relativistic jet is directed towards the observer. The superluminal sources are shown to have extended radio structures the form of which is consistent ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/299788a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mating and song sharing in the great tit (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 297 (1982), S. 60-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We recorded the songs of all the breeding male great tits (between 18 and 33 birds in a year) in Marley Wood, Oxford, during 1975-80. Most of the breeding adults and all their young were individually ringed throughout the study. The recordings were made before and during the breeding season ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/297060a0
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