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  • 1
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    Impact of horizontal resolution on global ocean–sea ice model simulations based on the experimental protocols of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (OMIP-2) (2020)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Geoscientific Model Development, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 13(9), pp. 4595-4637, ISSN: 1991-9603
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-05
    Description: This paper presents global comparisons of fundamental global climate variables from a suite of four pairs of matched low- and high-resolution ocean and sea ice simulations that are obtained following the OMIP-2 protocol (Griffies et al., 2016) and integrated for one cycle (1958–2018) of the JRA55-do atmospheric state and runoff dataset (Tsujino et al., 2018). Our goal is to assess the robustness of climate-relevant improvements in ocean simulations (mean and variability) associated with moving from coarse (∼ 1∘) to eddy-resolving (∼ 0.1∘) horizontal resolutions. The models are diverse in their numerics and parameterizations, but each low-resolution and high-resolution pair of models is matched so as to isolate, to the extent possible, the effects of horizontal resolution. A variety of observational datasets are used to assess the fidelity of simulated temperature and salinity, sea surface height, kinetic energy, heat and volume transports, and sea ice distribution. This paper provides a crucial benchmark for future studies comparing and improving different schemes in any of the models used in this study or similar ones. The biases in the low-resolution simulations are familiar, and their gross features – position, strength, and variability of western boundary currents, equatorial currents, and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current – are significantly improved in the high-resolution models. However, despite the fact that the high-resolution models “resolve” most of these features, the improvements in temperature and salinity are inconsistent among the different model families, and some regions show increased bias over their low-resolution counterparts. Greatly enhanced horizontal resolution does not deliver unambiguous bias improvement in all regions for all models.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Salinification in the South China Sea since late 2012 : a reversal of the freshening since the 1990s (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 45 (2018): 2744-2751, doi:10.1002/2017GL076574.
    Description: Salinification has occurred in the South China Sea from late 2012 to the present, as shown by satellite Aquarius/Soil Moisture Active Passive data and Argo float data. This salinification follows a 20 year freshening trend that started in 1993. The salinification signal is strongest near the surface and extends downward under the seasonal thermocline to a depth of 150 m. The salinification occurs when the phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation switches from negative to positive. Diagnosis of the salinity budget suggests that an increasing net surface freshwater loss and the horizontal salt advection through the Luzon Strait driven by the South China Sea throughflow contributed to this ongoing salinification. In particular, a decrease in precipitation and enhanced Luzon Strait transport dominated the current intense salinification. Of particular interest is whether this salinification will continue until it reaches the previous maximum recorded in 1992.
    Description: Major State Research Development Program of China Grant Number: 2016YFC1402603; National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Numbers: 41776025, 41476014, 41776026, 41676018; NOAA Climate Program Office MAPP Program Grant Number: NA15OAR4310088; NSF Physical Oceanography Program Grant Number: 1537136; National Science Foundation Grant Number: ICER‐1663704; Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou; Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography Grant Number: LTOZZ1601
    Description: 2018-09-05
    Keywords: South China Sea ; Salinification ; Argo floats ; Aquarius/SMPA ; PDO
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Variability of the Iceland‐Scotland overflow water transport through the Charlie‐Gibbs fracture zone : results from an eddying simulation and observations (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123 (2018): 5808-5823, doi:10.1029/2018JC013895.
    Description: Observations show that the westward transport of the Iceland‐Scotland overflow water (ISOW) through the Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ) is highly variable. This study examines (a) where this variability comes from and (b) how it is related to the variability of ISOW transport at upstream locations in the Iceland Basin and other ISOW flow pathways. The analyses are based on a 35‐year 1/12° eddying Atlantic simulation that represents well the main features of the observed ISOW in the area of interest, in particular, the transport variability through the CGFZ. The results show that (a) the variability of the ISOW transport is closely correlated with that of the barotropic transports in the CGFZ associated with the meridional displacement of the North Atlantic Current front and is possibly induced by fluctuations of large‐scale zonal wind stress in the Western European Basin east of the CGFZ; (b) the variability of the ISOW transport is increased by a factor of 3 from the northern part of the Iceland Basin to the CGFZ region and transport time series at these two locations are not correlated, further suggesting that the variability at the CGFZ does not come from the upstream source; and (c) the variability of the ISOW transport at the CGFZ is strongly anticorrelated to that of the southward ISOW transport along the eastern flank of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, suggesting an out‐of‐phase covarying transport between these two ISOW pathways.
    Description: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant Number: NA15OAR4310088; U.S. National Science Foundation Grant Numbers: 1537136, OCE‐0926656
    Description: 2019-02-20
    Keywords: Iceland‐Scotland overflow water ; Charlie‐Gibbs fracture zone ; Variability ; Volume transport ; Eddying simulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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