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  • Springer  (25)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (2)
  • Society for Sedimentary Geology  (2)
  • Mineralogical Association of Canada
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbonic anhydrase and C4 photosynthesis: a transgenic analysis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyses the first reaction in the C4 photosynthetic pathway, the conversion of atmospheric CO2 to bicarbonate in the mesophyll cytosol. To examine the importance of the enzyme to the functioning of the C4 photosynthetic pathway, Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze, a C4 dicot, was genetically transformed with an antisense construct in which the cDNA encoding a putative cytosolic CA (CA3) was placed under the control of a constitutive promoter. Some of the primary transformants had impaired CO2 assimilation rates and required high CO2 for growth. The T1 progeny of four primary transformants were used to examine the quantitative relationship between leaf CA activity and CO2 assimilation rate. CA activity was determined in leaf extracts with a mass spectrometric technique that measured the rate of 18O exchange from doubly labelled 13C18O2. Steady-state CO2 assimilation rates were unaffected by a decrease in CA activity until CA activity was less than 20% of wild type when they decreased steeply. Transformants with less than 10% of wild-type CA activity had very low CO2 assimilation rates and grew poorly at ambient CO2 partial pressure. Reduction in CA activity also increased the CO2 partial pressure required to saturate CO2 assimilation rates. The present data show that CA activity is essential for the functioning of the C4 photosynthetic pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2003.01157.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High light enhances the expression of low-CO2-inducible transcripts involved in the CO2-concentrating mechanism in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relative abundances of key gene transcripts encoding proteins involved in inducible inorganic carbon (Ci) transport in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 were quantified by real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction under conditions of varying Ci and light levels. Significant increases in CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM)-related transcript abundance were observed only in cells aerated with CO2-free air for 30 min in the light, but not in the dark, relative to illuminated cells grown at high CO2 levels (high-Ci cells). Cells were incubated under precisely defined conditions in a cuvette attached to a mass spectrometer to allow for the measurement of photosynthetic gas exchange rates, [Ci] and [O2], in combination with quantitative analysis of transcripts. Under conditions of increasing irradiance and low [Ci], or under conditions of decreasing [Ci] at constant irradiance, the abundances of cmpA (encoding part of the BCT1 HCO3– transporter), ndhF3 (encoding subunit of high-affinity CO2 uptake system) and sbtA (encoding Na+-dependent HCO3– transporter) transcripts tended to increase, relative to illuminated cells grown at high-CO2. The cmpA transcript appeared to be less responsive to decreasing [Ci] than either ndhF3 or sbtA. The induction of cmpA and ndhF3 transcripts was completely inhibited by 10 µm 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) compared to untreated control cells. This inhibitor had no effect on sbtA expression. In the presence of 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone (DCBQ), the expression of the cmpA transcript tracked the apparent rate of O2 evolution from photosystem II closely as the irradiance was increased, reaching maximum levels of expression approximately 16-fold higher than control cells. Under the same conditions, the ndhF3 transcript increased by two- to three-fold, whereas the sbtA transcript did not respond to this treatment. The regulation of CCM induction in this strain is discussed in relation to current hypotheses on the sensing of Ci limitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01175.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interatomic potentials for CaCO3 polymorphs (calcite and aragonite), fitted to elastic and vibrational data (1992)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 19 (1992), S. 80-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Calcite and aragonite have been modeled using rigid-ion, two-body Born-type potentials, supplemented by O-C-O angular terms inside the CO3 groups. A shell model has also been developed for calcite. Atomic charges, repulsive parameters and force constants have been optimized to reproduce the equilibrium crystal structures, the elastic constants and the Raman and infrared vibrational frequencies. The rigid-ion potential RIM (atomic charges:z O= -0.995e,z C = 0.985e,z Ca = 2.0e) fitted to calcite properties is able to account for those of aragonite as well. Experimental unit-cell edges, elastic constants, internal and lattice frequencies are reproduced with average relative errors of 2.1, 5.5, 2.4, 15.1% for calcite and of 0.2, 19.4, 2.5, 11.8% for aragonite, respectively. The RIM potential is suitable for thermodynamic and phase diagram simulations in the CaCO3 system, and is discussed and compared to other potentials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198605
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The energetics of interaction between oxygen vacancies in sillimanite: A model for the mullite structure (1992)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 19 (1992), S. 196-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A microscopic model is introduced to discuss the modulated structure of mullite. The oxygen vacancies of this aluminosilicate are known to play a central role. In particular, a single vacancy strongly orders its surrounding Al/Si tetrahedral sites. It is shown in this work that if two oxygen vacancies approach too closely to one another, their Al/Si “dressing” overlap. This situation results in repulsive interaction. The field of interaction between the vacancies is estimated with the use of an atomistic computer simulation. We use a Bragg-Williams type of theory to dicuss the ordering pattern of the vacancies. Due to “frustration” between the two dominant repulsive interactions, our model predicts a modulated phase transition in agreement with observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic ordering around the oxygen vacancies in sillimanite (1992)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 18 (1992), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Computer simulation is used to investigate the short range ordering around an isolated oxygen vacancy in sillimanite. The static lattice energy with the use of empirical potentials is calculated, for different Al/Si distributions around a vacancy in a supercell of sillimanite. A parametrisation of the total energy is built up and used to deduce the best Al/Si ordering around the oxygen vacancy. It is found that a strong ordering about the vacancy occurs. In the ab-plane two sets of aluminium cluster are found besides the vacancy, surrounded above and below by silicon atoms, a configuration that promotes local charge balance. By placing two vacancies on sites directly adjacent to the same oxygen, the central oxygen site is bonded to four cations: this situation is found to be energetically unfavourable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199418
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab initio study of MgSiO3 C2/c enstatite (1995)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 22 (1995), S. 453-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have used a newly developed ab initio constant-pressure molecular dynamics with variable cell shape technique to investigate the zero temperature behaviour of high pressure clinoenstatite (MgSiO3-C2/c) from 0 up to 30 GPa. The optimum structure at 8 GPa, as well as structural trends under pressure, compare very well with experimental data. At this pressure, we find noticeable “fluctuations” in the chain configuration which suggests the structure is on the verge of a mechanical instability. Two distinct compressive behaviours then appear: one below and another above 8 GPa. This phenomenon may be related to the observed transition to a lower symmetry P21/c phase which involves a reconfiguration of the silicate chains, and suggests that the C2/c structure at low pressures found here, may be an artifact of the dynamical algorithm which preserves space group in the absence of symmetry breaking fluctuations. Comparison with calculations in other magnesium silicate phases, indicates that the size and shape of the silicate units (isolated and/or linked tetrahedra and octahedra) are generally well described by the local density approximation; however, the weaker linkages provided by the O-Mg-O bonds, are not as well described. This trend suggests that, as in the recently studied case of H2O-ice, the structural properties of more inhomogeneous systems, like enstatite, may be improved by using gradientcorrected density functionals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200323
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dislocations in CaTiO3 perovskite deformed at high-temperature: a transmission electron microscopy study (1996)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 23 (1996), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dislocation configurations in natural single crystals of CaTiO3 perovskite deformed in high-temperature creep were examined and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Screw dislocations with Burgers vector [100]pc and [011]pc, dissociated on the $$(01\bar 1)_{{\text{pc}}} $$ plane, form rectangular networks with extended four-fold nodes in the shape of octagons, a configuration never observed in any of the previously investigated perovskites, except CaGeO3. Screw dislocations with Burgers vector [101]pc and $$(\bar 101)_{{\text{pc}}} $$ , on the (010)pc plane, react to form a twist wall; the dislocations with Burgers vector [002] produced by the reaction decompose into two perfect dislocations [001]pc. This results in a new configuration, never observed before, with three-fold nodes at the corners of rectangles. Both the octagonal extended nodes and the junctions decomposed into perfect dislocations are seen in samples deformed indifferently by slip on {100}pc or {110}pc planes, but they seem to appear only above 1520 K, in the cubic phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199499
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodic ab initio Hartree-Fock study of trigonal and orthorhombic phases of boric oxides (1997)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 24 (1997), S. 423-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The structure and electronic properties of trigonal and orthorhombic boric oxide (B2O3) are studied using periodic ab initio Hartree-Fock method. The optimised structural parameters for two B2O3 polymorphs are in good agreement with experimental data. The analyses of their electronic structures provide insights into the chemical nature of the B–O bond and the way in which it changes with the coordination number around boron and oxygen. Our quantum-chemical study suggests that the orthorhombic form is more ionic than the trigonal form and that the coordination number of boron around oxygen plays a more dominant role than that of oxygen around boron in B2O3 crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050056
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation phenomena in pleonaste bearing titanomagnetites (1979)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 69 (1979), S. 355-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Transmission electron microscopy revealed that optically homogenous pleonastes occurring in titanomagnetites had been oxidised. The pleonastes had decomposed by a discontinuous mechanism to give an intergrowth of a spinel and an intermediate phase, whose structure was based on a spinel superlattice. The intermediate phase was similar to one previously found in oxidised chromites from Rhum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372261
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron petrography of shock-produced veins in the Tenham chondrite (1979)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 71 (1979), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Electron microscopy of the minerals in, and adjacent to the black veins of the Tenham meteorite reveals that the minerals have undergone varying degrees of shock. The orthopyroxenes of the bulk of the meteorite have been transformed to clinopyroxenes in areas adjacent to the veins, and to majorite in the black vein itself. The majorite, which occurs in both equant and dendritic habit, is associated with a glassy phase from which it crystallized, and with a microcrystalline clinopyroxene aggregate produced from the majorite upon the release of pressure. The olivines of the meteorite are also deformed, and some have been transformed to the high pressure spinel polymorph. The spinel has subsequently partially inverted to the β-phase polymorph.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375437
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