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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEHYDRATED CELERY: EFFECTS OF PREDRYING TREATMENTS AND REHYDRATION PROCEDURES ON RECONSTITUTION (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 37 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1972.tb02658.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PEELING AIDS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO CAUSTIC PEELING OF TOMATOES (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Tomato pulp recovered from acidified and screened caustic (sodium hydroxide) peelings obtained from rotating rubber disc peelers at a cannery in 1975 was found to be a potential food material. However, this pulp contained high levels (150-450 ppm) of peeling aids used in commercial caustic baths; these are not approved food additives. In the spring of 1976, a preliminary study evaluated 50 compounds and various procedures for their peeling aid efficiency. Compounds tested included carboxylic acids (C2-C1 8) and their esters and salts and other surfactants, emulsifiers, and proprietary mixes. The most effective and acceptable peeling aids were C2-C8 saturated fatty acids. For the processing variety, VF145B-7879, the most effective peeling was with a pretreatment of 0.5% octanoic acid at 65°C for about 1 mm, followed by the usual caustic immersion. This was at least as effective as using the octanoic acid directly in the caustic bath.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1978.tb02560.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FIELD PROCESSING OF TOMATOES 2. Product Quality and Composition (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 36 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— Mechanically harvested tomatoes were macerated, heated by steam injection to several constant temperatures from 170–240°F and held in a treatment pot from 0-4.6 min at pH levels (adjusted with cont. HCI) ranging from natural down to pH 2.0. Treated macerates were neutralized to original pH with cone NaOH, put through a finisher screen and pumped through a deaerator and chiller. The optimum processing conditions based on highest consistency (efflux-pipet flow time) in seven series of samples were 212°F breaking temperature and a macerate treatment time of 3.3 min at pH 2.75. With the optimum conditions, juice solids yield from VF-145 tomatoes was 4.3% greater and consistency 90% higher than from the natural pH juice. The neutralized acid products could contain 13% less tomato solids and still have a consistency equal to that of the products extracted at natural pH. Dry waste decreased 33% and total wet waste 47%. A 1-day delay before processing caused 9.5% loss in recovered juice solids. Ascorbic acid, reflectance and lycopene data showed no trends due to acid extraction. Water soluble color increased slightly in the acid extractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1971.tb06373.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annual cycles of water vapour and carbon dioxide fluxes in and above a boreal aspen forest (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Global change biology 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Water vapour and CO2 fluxes were measured using the eddy correlation method above and below the overstorey of a 21-m tall aspen stand in the boreal forest of central Saskatchewan as part of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). Measurements were made at the 39.5-m and 4-m heights using 3-dimensional sonic anemometers (Kaijo-Denki and Solent, respectively) and closed-path gas analysers (LI-COR 6262) with 6-m and 4.7-m long heated sampling tubing, respectively. Continuous measurements were made from early October to mid-November 1993 and from early February to late-September 1994. Soil CO2 flux (respiration) was measured using a LI-COR 6000-09 soil chamber and soil evaporation was measured using Iysimetry.The leaf area index of the aspen and hazelnut understorey reached 1.8 and 3.3, respectively. The maximum daily evapotranspiration (E) rate was 5–6 mm d−1. Following leaf-out the hazelnut and soil accounted for 22% of the forest E. The estimated total E was 403 mm for 1994. About 88% of the precipitation in 1994 was lost as evapotranspiration.During the growing season, the magnitude of half-hourly eddy fluxes of CO2 from the atmosphere into the forest reached 1.2 mg CO2 m−2 s−1 (33 μmol C m−2 s−1) during the daytime. Downward eddy fluxes at the 4-m height were observed when the hazelnut was growing rapidly in June and July. Under well-ventilated night-time conditions, the eddy fluxes of CO2 above the aspen and hazelnut, corrected for canopy storage, increased exponentially with soil temperature at the 2-cm depth. Estimates of daytime respiration rates using these relationships agreed well with soil chamber measurements. During the 1994 growing season, the cumulative net ecosystem exchange (NEE) was -3.5 t C ha−1 y−1 (a net gain by the system). For 1994, cumulative NEE, ecosystem respiration (R) and gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP = R - NEE) were estimated to be -1.3, 8.9 and 10.2 t C ha−1 y−1 respectively. Gross photosynthesis of the hazelnut was 32% of GEP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00074.x
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