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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase in soluble phosphorus transported in drainflow from a grassland catchment in response to soil phosphorus accumulation (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Because of the observed variability in soil available P (Olsen) contents, phosphorus budgets were used to predict changes in the soil P status of an intensively managed 6 ha grassland catchment in Northern Ireland. The P accumulation rate of approximately 24 kg/ha/y suggested an increase of soil available P (Olsen) of 1.0 mg P/kg/y. Soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations in drainflow measured on a daily basis for a two year period (January 1981 — December 1982) were compared with the two year period January 1990 — December 1991. The median concentration had increased by 10.0 μg P/1 in 1990/91 compared with 1981/82. This difference was only apparent in mean concentrations for the two time periods, after data associated with high flow events, which were more frequent in 1981/82, were excluded from the comparison. This rate of increase of 1.1 μg P/1/y, which was interpreted as reflecting an increase in soluble reactive phosphorus concentration in soil solution, is comparable to the increase in background soluble reactive phosphorus of 1.5 ± 0.54 μg P/1/y which was reported recently over a 17 year period from diffuse sources in the much larger (4400 km2) Northern Ireland catchment of Lough Neagh.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00957.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A soil carbon and land use database for the United Kingdom (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The compilation of a database of soil carbon and land use is described, from which models of soil carbon dioxide emissions across the United Kingdom (UK) can be run. The database gives soil organic carbon, sand, silt and clay contents and bulk densities weighted to reference layers from 0 to 30 cm and from 30 to 100 cm depths. The data are interpolated from information on soil types and land use on a 1 km grid across the UK and are used to estimate soil carbon stocks. For 1990, the baseline year for the Kyoto Protocol on carbon emissions, the estimate is 4562 Tg soil organic carbon in the top 1 m of soil across the UK, with an average density of 18 kg m−2. The data can be reported by layer (e.g. 54% in topsoils) and country (e.g. 48% in Scotland) as well as by soil and land type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/SUM2005351
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of parent material and livestock intensification on plant-available phosphorus values by the Olsen method in Northern Ireland (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Leaching of phosphorus (P) from agricultural land is the major cause of eutrophication of surface waters in Northern Ireland. However, soil testing using the Olsen method has shown that while soil P in some catchment areas of the Province is low, surface waters within these catchments are, nonetheless, every bit as eutrophic as other local catchments where soil P is high. Soil P measurements on over 6000 samples from Northern Ireland soils (A horizon only) have indicated that Olsen-P values of improved grassland on most parent materials are linearly related to animal intensification. Exceptions are soils derived from peat, marl and basalt. For each of the latter soils, the measured Olsen-P was shown to be around 10 mg L–1 lower than expected for farms with similar intensification on other parent materials. In particular, the mean Olsen-P values of samples from basaltic soils under grass with total Fe above 62 g kg–1 and total Mg above 16 g kg–1 were significantly lower than those from basaltic soils with low total Fe (〈37 g kg–1) and total Mg (〈8 g kg–1). As a result of the depressed Olsen-P value, excessive quantities of P may be applied to these soils to maintain a recommended soil P index thereby enhancing the potential for nutrient enrichment of adjacent surface waters. In such cases, coworkers have shown that acid ammonium oxalate may be a better extractant than bicarbonate as an indicator of plant-available P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00241.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal changes in the spatial distributions of some soil properties on a temperate grassland site (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Precision Agriculture seeks to match resource application and agronomic practice with soil and crop requirements as they vary in both space and time. Therefore, an understanding of both the temporal and the spatial components of variability is essential before decisions can be made about the feasibility of site-specific management. In the present study, the spatial and the temporal components of variability in certain key soil properties of a grassland field were evaluated to assess the likely feasibility of adopting a site-specific approach to grassland management. A 7.9 ha grassland field was selected for the study and soil samples were taken three times at regular 25 m intervals across the field over a two year period, and chemically analysed. Classical and geostatistical procedures were used to evaluate the spatial variability and the temporal stability of soil property distributions. Soil extractable P and K had the greatest within-field variability and soil pH the least. Soil K distributions were also highly unstable over time and it was concluded that the optimal risk aversion strategy would be to apply uniform dressings of this nutrient to the entire field. In contrast, soil pH, P, Mg and sulphate distributions were not only temporally stable, but were also spatially correlated over reasonably large ranges. It was concluded that these properties might be managed in a site-specific way based on the results of periodic soil testing in three clearly defined management sub-units within the field. Over the two year period, C and N accumulated in the soil at surprisingly high rates on certain parts of the field but not in others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00252.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased predicted losses of phosphorus to surface waters from soils with high Olsen-P concentrations (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Diffuse soluble reactive P (SRP) & total P (TP) loads from over 50 major river catchments in Northern Ireland were predicted using an export coefficient modelling approach. Phosphorus export coefficients for each CORINE land cover class, derived from satellite imagery, allowed the prediction of P loads from a breakdown of the CORINE land cover classes by catchment using a GIS. This approach was validated using observed P loads calculated from flow and concentration data. Mean measured Olsen-P concentrations in the soil A-horizon were also determined on a catchment basis. Plots of P loads to the watercourse versus Olsen-P concentrations in the soil showed a breakpoint around 22 mg Olsen- P l−1 for both SRP & TP data. Below Olsen-P concentrations of 22 mg l−1, SRP & TP losses were essentially independent of Olsen-P at 0.28 and 0.63 kg P ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Above Olsen-P concentrations of 22 mg l−1, there was considerable spread in the P loss data. Nevertheless, significant upward trends in SRP and TP losses to watercourses were detected with increasing Olsen-P at a rate of approximately 0.5 and 1.0 kg P ha−1 yr−1, for SRP and TP respectively, for each 10 mg l−1 increase in Olsen-P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00168.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of biologically available phosphorus using a radiobioassay technique (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 15 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1A kinetic approach in which the uptake rate of simultaneous additions of orthophosphate and carrier-free phosphorus- 32 by a standard culture of the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum under near neutral conditions was used to obtain an estimate of the readily available components of the total phosphorus pool in natural freshwater samples.2A comparison was made between the values of the biologically available phosphorus obtained using this radiobioassay technique and those obtained by the soluble reactive phosphorus procedure for thirty-one freshwater samples. Only about three-quarters of the phosphorus measured as soluble reactive phosphorus was readily available to algae. The results agreed with those obtained in an earlier study in which an enzymatic procedure was used to determine orthophosphate.3The results of tests carried out on the water samples used in this study were consistent with the conclusion that the presence of a hydrous ferric oxide-orthophosphale complex in the samples caused the soluble reactive phosphorus value to be greater than the corresponding biologically available phosphorus value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1985.tb00230.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric and meristic characters in salmon, Salmo salar L., trout, Salmo trutta L., and their hybrids (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., brown trout, S. trutta L. and their hybrids are normally identified in the field by empirical differences in maxilla length, thickness of the caudal peduncle, degree of forking of the tail and overall body conformation. This study quantifies these characters and analyses their variations in electrophoretically identified hatchery-reared individuals. Means and variances of the various measures are presented for salmon, trout and hybrids separately. The morphometric characters do not satisfactorily distinguish hybrids from the pure species, and even within samples of the pure species, some individuals will be misclassified as hybrids, or as members of the opposite species, if single characters are used on their own. Hybrids often resemble one or other parent species in one or more characters and are less often intermediate in phenotype. Triploidized hybrids are more like salmon than diploid hybrids are, and triploidized salmon are not different from diploid salmon. The results confirm that frequencies of hybrids of these species cannot be reliably assessed by morphological characters alone, and even for individuals of the pure parental species, independent confirmation of species status is advisable. Early reports of hybrid frequencies in wild stocks should be treated with caution, and apparently higher levels of hybridization in more recent studies compared with older, traditional surveys may simply reflect the greater precision of electrophoretic identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1994.tb00715.x
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