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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 5 (1940), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Controlled samples from the same lots of asparagus, peas, lima beans, and spinach were quick-frozen and canned by commercial methods and their vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 (G) content was compared with that of the raw vegetables. Fresh asparagus, peas, lima beans, and spinach were found to contain 65, 133, 67, and 36 International Units of vitamin B1, and 53, 70, 122, and 145 Bourquin-Sherman units of vitamin B2 (G) per 100 grams, respectively. Asparagus, peas, lima beans, and spinach retained 78, 97, 46, and 94 per cent of their vitamin Bt and 95, 100, 84, and 91 per cent of their vitamin B2 (G), respectively, when quick-frozen; and 72, 60, 28, and 71 per cent of their vitamin B1 and 98, 100, 70, and 45 per cent of their vitamin B2 (G) content, respectively, when canned.The length of the blanching period may influence the vitamin B1 and B2 (G) content of quick-frozen and canned vegetables. Because of the solubility of these vitamins in water, minimum blanching periods consistent with the requirements are recommended.In conclusion, it may be stated that both quick-frozen and canned vegetables retain nutritionally significant percentages of vitamins B1 and B2 (G) and both types of preserved foods are good sources of these two water-soluble vitamins.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 30 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A laboratory study of female G. aculeatus revealed no conclusive evidence of active female mate choice on the basis of male aggression levels. However, highly aggressive males failed in 95% of all choice tests. The less aggressive ‘chosen’ males were generally successful again in subsequent trials with the same female, and certain males were consistently successful with different females. Females exhibited an increased readiness to spawn at the end of the reproductive season, although the same males were usually selected again.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Animals breeding only once late in life should spend most of the time during their one reproductive season attempting to reproduce. Contrary to this prediction, we found that the individuals of three species of sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae) spent very short periods of time on their breeding ground. Tidal flooding of the site controlled patterns of fish immigration and emigration. Inundations early in the breeding season brought in new immigrants which replaced most resident fish. However, towards the end of the breeding season there was less immigration and a higher percentage of the residents remained in their pools. We expected to see movements among pools by surplus males searching for sites to establish a territory; instead, few fish moved among pools, and most of those that did were females. A high energetic cost of breeding in this unstable habitat may best explain these residency patterns.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 39 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We analysed a random sample of 10 three-spined stickleback nests by DNA fingerprinting. DNA from the guardian male and a random subsample of LO fry per nest were probed with pYNZ 132, a human single-locus probe for VNTR-loci (variable number of tandem repeats). On average this probe produced DNA fingerprints of 12 scoreable bands. By comparing the bands present in each individual, we calculated band sharing indices (BSIs) between the guardian male and its fry. The BSls varied between 0.40 and 0.77 with an average (± S.D.) of 0.59 ± 0.09. We therefore conclude that the guardian male was the true father of the fry in all these nests. Once the paternal bands in each fry were determined, we compared the maternal bands among the fry of each nest. Based on the BSIs obtained with these comparisons, we found that one guardian male enticed three females to spawn in its nest, six enticed two females and three enticed one female.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 34 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of abiotic factors (water level, temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity) and interspecific competition on the survival and growth of early life stages of three sympatric sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, G. wheallandi and Pungitius pungitius, were studied in salt-marsh tide pools near Isle Verte, Quebec. Significant year-to-year variation was observed in the percentage of live eggs per nest, egg incubation times, and the growth and condition of juveniles for all three species. These differences were associated with variations in temperature, oxygen and salinity in the pools. Comparisons of egg survival and juvenile growth rates were also made for G. aculeatus living in two contrasting habitats of the salt-marsh, the harsh and variable tide pools, and a less harsh, less variable freshwater site. Egg incubation times were longer, and the percentage of live eggs per nest lower, in the river than in the pools. However, river juveniles had higher growth rates and condition factors than pool juveniles. Results of experiments to study interspecific competition between juvenile G. aculaetus and juvenile G. wheatlandi were inconsistent, and it is suggested that the effects of abiotic factors on the survival and growth of early life stages in sticklebacks are more important than competition at this site.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Salinity preferences of four sympatric species of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Gasterosteus wheatlandi, Pungitius pungitius, Apelles quadracus) were studied after acclimation to different regimes of photoperiod and temperature. The results indicate that photoperiod and temperature influence salinity preferences of G. aculeatus, G. wheatlandi and A. quadracus but that they are virtually without effect in the case of P. pungitius. Moreover, the overall photoperiod effects on salinity preferences are in accordance with the migratory movements of G. aculeatus and A. quadracus. The effect of temperature was more difficult to analyse because of its unnatural timing. It is clear, however, that temperature is involved in the regulation of salinity preferences of G. aculeatus and perhaps of G. wheatlandi. The relative importance of external factors in the adjustment of salinity preferences differed for the four species. However, the results suggest that for G. aculeatus and A. quadracus salinity preferences are an important component of the orientation mechanisms used during their seasonal migrations.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Breeding male ninespine sticklebacks, Pungilius pungitius, are highly aggressive toward juvenile brook charr. Salvelinus fontinalis, in the Matamek River, Québec. Field observations revealed that such aggression was always initiated by the sticklebacks and only if the charr approached their nests or free-swimming fry. There was considerable overlap in diet in August, but not in June and July, suggesting competition for food is possible under some circumstances.In laboratory stream tanks, we compared frequency of intraspecific and interspecific aggression of single and mixed species groups over a range of densities. There was no simple relationship between aggression and density for either species, although significant differences in aggression occurred among fish in some of the different density conditions.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 25 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Food resource partitioning in a community consisting of three sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) was studied in a tidal salt-marsh near Isle Verte, Québec in the St Lawrence Estuary. From May to July 1981 stomachs of all species were analysed. In general four prey items composed greater than 70% of the diet. There were differences in the relative proportions of prey items eaten between the sexes and species and on the different sampling dates, indicating resource partitioning. However, experiments, where allopatric and sympatric populations were established in tidal pools, did not reveal and significant shift in either type of prey or size of prey consumed, suggesting that food competition was unimportant. Microhabitat partitioning was also observed between the three species which may have served to reduce interspecific competition for food.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 2 (1937), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 3 (1938), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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