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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SIMULATION AND MAPPING OF SOIL-WATER CONDITIONS IN THE GREAT PLAINS (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 29 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Soil-water conditions provide valuable insight into the hydrologic system in an area. A soil-water balance quantitatively summarizes soil-water conditions and is based on climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics that vary spatially and temporally. Soil-water balances in the Great Plains of the central United States were simulated for 1951–1980. Results of the simulations were mean annual estimates of infiltration, runoff, actual evapotranspiration, potential recharge, and consumptive water and irrigation requirements at 152 climatic data stations. A method was developed using a geographic information system to integrate and map the simulation results on the basis of spatially variable climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics. As an example, simulated mean annual potential recharge was mapped. Mean annual potential-recharge rates ranged from less than 0.5 inch in much of the north-central and southwestern Great Plains to more than 10 inches in parts of eastern Texas and southwestern Arkansas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth requirements of pyruvate-decarboxylase-negative Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 174 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pyruvate-decarboxylase (Pdc)-negative Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been reported to grow in batch cultures on glucose-containing complex media, but not on defined glucose-containing media. By a combination of batch and chemostat experiments it is demonstrated that even in complex media, Pdc−S. cerevisiae does not exhibit prolonged growth on glucose. Pdc− strains do grow in carbon-limited cultures on defined media containing glucose-acetate mixtures. The acetate requirement for glucose-limited growth, estimated experimentally by continuously decreasing the acetate feed to chemostat cultures, matched the theoretical acetyl-CoA requirement for lipid and lysine synthesis, consistent with the proposed role of pyruvate decarboxylase in the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13551.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    By-product formation during exposure of respiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures to excess glucose is not caused by a limited capacity of pyruvate carboxylase (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 179 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Upon exposure to excess glucose, respiring cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae produce substantial amounts of ethanol and acetate. A possible role of a limited anaplerotic capacity in this process was investigated by overexpressing pyruvate carboxylase and by replacing it with a heterologous enzyme (Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase). Compared to the wild-type, neither the pyruvate carboxylase (Pyc)-overexpressing nor the transgenic strain exhibited reduced by-product formation after glucose pulses to aerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures. An increased intracellular malate concentration was observed in the two engineered strains. It is concluded that by-product formation in S. cerevisiae is not caused by a limited anaplerotic capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08715.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Saccharomyces cerevisiae acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase encoded by the ACS1 gene, but not the ACS2-encoded enzyme, is subject to glucose catabolite inactivation (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 153 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the structural genes ACS1 and ACS2 each encode an isoenzyme of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS; EC 6.2.1.1). Involvement of glucose catabolite repression in regulation of the two isoenzymes was investigated by following ACS activity after glucose pulses (100 mM) to ethanol-limited chemostat cultures. In wild-type S. cerevisiae and in an isogenic strain in which ACS2 had been disrupted, ACS activity decreased after a glucose pulse. No such inactivation was observed in a strain in which ACS1 was disrupted. Western blots demonstrated that the ACS1 product, but not the ACS2 product, was degraded after a glucose pulse. Inactivation kinetics of the ACS1 product resembled those of isocitrate lyase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10466.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From self-assembly of life to present-day bacteria: a possible role for nanocells (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 25 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A proposed sequence of major events for the self-assembly of life on Earth is examined. This sequence starts with a construction kit of elements and simple compounds from which a primitive membrane and then a nanocell with a minimal genome is self-assembled. The genome and cell increase in size and complexity and become capable of cell division, similar to present-day bacteria. Another factor to understanding this self-assembly of life is identifying the energy source(s) the first self-assembling nanocells were capable of using. This will also be examined from an evolutionary perspective with hydrogen as the postulated universal energy source [Morita, R. (2000) Microb. Ecol. 38, 307–320].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00592.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl and biphenyl on cell membranes of Ralstonia eutropha H850 (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 200 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TeCB), a PCB congener, and biphenyl on the cytoplasmic membranes of Ralstonia eutropha H850 were investigated by measuring fluorescence polarization using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) as the probe, and determining the cellular fatty acid compositions. TeCB significantly affected the membrane of R. eutropha H850 cells grown on fructose by decreasing DPH fluorescence polarization. In contrast, the membrane of cells grown on biphenyl showed a considerably less significant effect of TeCB on membrane polarization than in fructose-grown cells. An increase in the ratio of total saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in cells grown on biphenyl suggested less of a fluidizing effect of TeCB on membranes in those cells. When biphenyl-grown cells were transferred back to a fructose medium, they required 25 generations for the membrane polarization and fatty acid compositions of these cells to revert back to those of the initial fructose-grown cells. The re-adaptation to a change in temperature required only five generations to return to normal. These results show that biphenyl affects cells in more ways than simply fluidizing the cytoplasmic membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10686.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired growth on glucose of a pyruvate dehydrogenase-negative mutant of Kluyveromyces lactis is due to a limitation in mitochondrial acetyl-coenzyme A uptake (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 177 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A Kluyveromyces lactis mutant with a disruption in the KlPDA1 gene, encoding the E1α subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, exhibited a four-fold reduced specific growth rate on glucose in minimal medium. Growth of the Klpda1 mutant on glucose in complex medium was not affected. Its growth on defined media could be restored by adding amino acids that require mitochondrial acetyl-CoA for their biosynthesis as nitrogen sources. This, together with the observation that low concentrations of l-carnitine also restored growth on glucose, indicates that the slow-growth phenotype of the Klpda1 mutant is due to a limited capacity of the mitochondria for import of cytosolic acetyl-CoA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13708.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoichiometry and compartmentation of NADH metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 25 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, reduction of NAD+ to NADH occurs in dissimilatory as well as in assimilatory reactions. This review discusses mechanisms for reoxidation of NADH in this yeast, with special emphasis on the metabolic compartmentation that occurs as a consequence of the impermeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane for NADH and NAD+. At least five mechanisms of NADH reoxidation exist in S. cerevisiae. These are: (1) alcoholic fermentation; (2) glycerol production; (3) respiration of cytosolic NADH via external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenases; (4) respiration of cytosolic NADH via the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle; and (5) oxidation of intramitochondrial NADH via a mitochondrial ‘internal’ NADH dehydrogenase. Furthermore, in vivo evidence indicates that NADH redox equivalents can be shuttled across the mitochondrial inner membrane by an ethanol–acetaldehyde shuttle. Several other redox-shuttle mechanisms might occur in S. cerevisiae, including a malate–oxaloacetate shuttle, a malate–aspartate shuttle and a malate–pyruvate shuttle. Although key enzymes and transporters for these shuttles are present, there is as yet no consistent evidence for their in vivo activity. Activity of several other shuttles, including the malate–citrate and fatty acid shuttles, can be ruled out based on the absence of key enzymes or transporters. Quantitative physiological analysis of defined mutants has been important in identifying several parallel pathways for reoxidation of cytosolic and intramitochondrial NADH. The major challenge that lies ahead is to elucidate the physiological function of parallel pathways for NADH oxidation in wild-type cells, both under steady-state and transient-state conditions. This requires the development of techniques for accurate measurement of intracellular metabolite concentrations in separate metabolic compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00570.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Green fluorescent protein as a visual marker in a p-nitrophenol degrading Moraxella sp. (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 164 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) was introduced into a p-nitrophenol-metabolizing strain of Moraxella sp. by chromosomal integration. The gfp-marked transformants, designated Moraxella sp. strains G21 and G25, exhibited green fluorescence under UV light. Molecular characterization by PCR and Southern hybridization showed the presence of gfp in both transformants. Both transformants and the parent strain degraded 720 μM of p-nitrophenol with nitrite release within 4 h after inoculation in minimal medium supplemented with yeast extract. Transformants degraded up to 1440 μM p-nitrophenol and mineralized about 60% of 720 μM p-nitrophenol, both in broth and in soil, to the same extent as the parent strain. Insertion of gfp did not adversely affect the expression of p-nitrophenol-degrading genes in the transformants. Survival studies indicated that individual green fluorescent colonies of transformants can be detected up to 2 weeks after inoculation in soil. These marked strains could be of value in studies on microbial survival in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13084.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overproduction of acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase isoenzymes in respiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells does not reduce acetate production after exposure to glucose excess (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 165 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To investigate whether the production of acetate which occurs after exposure of respiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to excess glucose can be reduced by overproduction of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS, EC 6.2.1.1), the ACS1 and ACS2 genes were introduced on multi-copy plasmids. For each isoenzyme, the level in glucose-limited chemostat cultures was increased by 3–6-fold, relative to an isogenic reference strain. However, ACS overproduction did not result in a reduced production of acetate after a glucose pulse (100 mmol l−1) to these cultures. This indicates that a limited capacity of ACS is not the sole cause of acetate accumulation in S. cerevisiae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13121.x
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