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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 105 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Laterally varying interfaces cause coupling between wavenumbers so that seismograms in two-dimensionally layered media can be synthesized by means of ‘supermatrices’, which include the coupled contributions of all the wavenumbers. We introduce reflection and transmission ‘supermatrices’ in order to eliminate numerical problems arising from loss of precision for evanescent waves in the seismogram synthesis. An interface is assumed to be such that the reflected and transmitted wavefields; on its two sides can be represented as purely upgoing and downgoing waves, i.e. the Rayleigh ansatz is imposed. The computational demands of this method can be kept to a minimum by exploiting propagation invariants in the coupled wavenumber domain.The superior performance of this ‘invariant embedding’ approach when compared to propagator or finite difference schemes is illustrated by application to the response of sedimentary basins to excitation by an incident plane wave or a line force. The results are in good general agreement with the other methods, but show greater numerical stability and computational efficiency. In the case of a single interface the ‘invariant embedding’ procedure for P-SV-waves takes 45 per cent less computation time and 29 per cent less memory than the propagator method of Koketsu (1987a, b). The gains are reduced in a multilayer case because of the level of computation required to calculate the addition rules for the large reflection and transmission supermatrices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 103 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: For quasi-stratified media in which the principal variation in seismic properties is with depth, propagation invariants can be constructed from certain combinations of the displacement and tractions elements of two seismic wavefields. These invariants are independent of depth and vanish for identical wavefields, and are constructed for anisotropic, laterally varying media in the spatial and wavenumber domains.These propagation invariants can be exploited to substantially simplify the construction of reflection and transmission processes in laterally varying media, including coupling between wavenumbers. The implementation of this approach is illustrated by application to the incidence of SH-waves on an irregular interface below a free surface. The results are in excellent agreement with those from other schemes but take about 20 per cent less computation time. Even greater improvements in calculation speed are possible in more complex models.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 382-383 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die hemmende Wirkung von GABA auf die synaptische Transmission wird analysiert und nachgewiesen, dass der Angriffspunkt des GABA offenbar präsynaptisch ist, indem es präsynaptisch zu deutlicher Depolarisation führt.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 57-59 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of adrenaline on the Na+-pump in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) sympathetic ganglion cells was studied by use of electrophysiological methods. The rate of removal of excess Na+ injected into a ganglion cell was increased by adrenaline. The K+-activated hyperpolarization of cell membrane, which might be produced by an electrogenic Na+-pump, was also increased by adrenaline. These results suggested that adrenaline was able to accelerate the Na+-pump, possibly the electrogenic Na+-pump.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 822-823 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die direkte Wirkung von Adrenalin auf das Aktionspotential wurde an sympathischen Ganglionzellen des OchsenfroschesRana catesbeiana studiert. Die Veränderung im Aktionspotential ist reversibel und die Zunahme der Na- und K-Leitfähigkeit wird direkt durch Adrenalin kontrolliert.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 157 (2000), S. 2047-2062 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key Words: 1995 Kobe earthquake, parallel computing, pseudospectral method, strong ground motion, 3-D simulation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A new approach to parallel pseudospectral simulation of 3-D seismic wave propagation is developed based on component decomposition of the wavefield. Field quantities and equations of motion are distributed over three processors according to their relationship to the x-, y- and z-coordinates, and computation is carried out concurrently on each processor with inter-processor communications. The efficiency of this approach is evaluated by a theoretical estimate and actual benchmark computations. We then conduct a 3-D simulation of strong ground motion for the 1995 Kobe (Hyogo-ken Nanbu) earthquake in order to show the feasibility of the parallel pseudospectral method. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the complex 3-D structures of the subsurface medium and source fault greatly affect the strong ground motion on the surface.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 1200-1201 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The muscarinic ACh receptors, which hyperpolarize the resting membrane and also depress the action potential of bullfrog atrial muscle, show desensitization to the action of ACh. This suggests that the molecular mechanism of these muscarinic ACh receptor-ionic channel (voltage-dependent) complexes is comparable to that of the nicotinic ACh receptor-ionic channel (voltage-independent) complex of the end-plate.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 1370-1372 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Membran der sympathischen Ganglienzelle des Ochsenfrosches (Rana catesbiana) wird durch 5-HT depolarisiert; 5-HT erzeugt jedoch in Gegenwart von Nicotin eine Hyperpolarisation. Es scheint, dass sowohl die Depolarisation als auch die Hyperpolarisation von 5-HT durch direkte Wirkung auf die Zell-Membran zustande kommt. Die durch 5-HT erzeugte Hyperpolarisation zeigte ähnliche Eigenschaften wie des «slow IPSP» welches jedoch während der Entwicklung der 5-HT Hyperpolarisation stark zunimmt. Es wird vermutet, dass 5-HT wahrscheinlich nicht als Überträgerstoff für das «slow IPSP» in Frage kommt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 1034-1035 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Hyperpolarisation von paravertebralen Ganglien des Ochsenfrosches (Rana catesbeiana) in vitro, die durch K+ nach vorheriger Inkubation in K+-freier Ringerlösung ausgelöst wird, war in Gegenwart von Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamin) deutlich verstärkt. Auf die K+-bedingte Hyperpolarisation von Axonen des N. splanchnicus blieb Serotonin ohne Einfluss. Es wird angenommen, dass Serotonin die elektrogene Na+-Pumpe über Rezeptorenstimulation aktiviert, die an der Membran der Zellkörper, nicht jedoch an Axonen sympathischer Neuronen vorhanden ist.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 34 (1978), S. 488-490 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrogenic Na+ pump currents during K+-activated hyperpolarizations of bullfrog atrium muscle fibres are increased by adrenaline. The log dose-response relation between these currents and activating K+ concentrations is expressed by a sigmoidal curve, which is shifted in parallel to the left by adrenaline. It is suggested that adrenaline increases the rate of Na+ extrusion without increasing the Na/K coupling ratio and the total number of pumping sites.
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