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  • HPLC  (2)
  • Oryza  (2)
  • Synchronisation  (2)
  • Springer  (6)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • Springer  (6)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Elsevier  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 155-162 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; Apanteles bignellii ; Euphydryas aurinia ; Multivoltinism ; Synchronisation ; Weather
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer Population von Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg) bei Oxford, England treten während einer Generation von E. aurinia drei Normalgenerationen von Apanteles bignellii Marshall auf. Jede Generation des Parasitoids kann charakterisiert werden durch das befallende Wirtsstadium und durch die aus einem Wirt schlüpfende Zahl Parasitoide. Parasitoide schlüpfen in Normalgenerationen aus dem 3., dem 4. und dem 6. Stadium des Wirts; in Ausnahmegenerationen schlüpfen sie aus dem 2. und 5. Stadium. Bis zu 70 Parasitoide können aus einer Altraupe (6. Stadium) schlüpfen und die Dauer dieses Stadiums kann bis auf 2 Wochen verlängert werden. Die Ausnahmegenerationen von A. bignellii aus Zweitlarven dürften aus Eiablagen in frühe Erstlarven stammen. Fünftlarven des Wirts, aus denen Parasitoide schlüpfen, sind ungewöhnlich klein und fressen nicht; sie dürften das Resultat sein eines Uebermasses von Apenteles-Eiern, die in frühe Viertlarven gelegt wurden. Die Synchronisation zwischen dem Parasitoiden und dem Wirt während der Zeit, da E. aurinia im Puppen-, Adult- oder Eistadium ist, wird aufrechterhalten durch ein verlängertes Coconstadium von Apanteles. Die Puppen des Parasitoiden entwickeln sich normal und die Adulten schlüpfen, bleiben aber bis 4 Wochen lang im Cocon, bevor sie sich eine Ausgangsöffnung machen. Das Wetter kann den Parasitierungsgrad der letzten Wirtsstadien beeinflussen. Wenn der Frühling kalt ist mit klarem Himmel, kann die Synchronisierung zwischen Parasitoiden, die aus Viertlarven des Wirts schlüpfen und potentiellen Fünft- und Sechtstlarven des Wirts schlecht werden. Die Entwicklung von Apanteles-Puppen wird durch die Umgebungstemperatur beeinflusst, während E. aurinia-Larven ihre Temperatur erhöhen, indem sie sich sonnen und deshalb rasch wachsen. Wenn die Parasitoiden unter solchen Bedingungen schlüpfen, sind die meisten potentiellen Wirte schon verpuppt und damit nicht mehr geeignet für die Parasitierung. Die Mechanismen der Synchronisation und der Wettereinfluss auf diese Vorgänge wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The gregarious endoparasite, Apanteles bignellii Marshall is specific to the nymphalid butterfly, Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg) in the British Isles. The synchronisation between host and parasitoid is described at a site near Oxford, England where both occur. Three regular generations of A. bignellii occur in one generation of the host in the studied population. Relevant features of the biology of A. bignellii and E. aurinia are described, including a method of distinguishing the number of Apanteles larval instars based upon shed cuticle remnants. Mechanisms for host-parasitoid synchronisation are outlined, especially a protracted parasitoid cocoon stage when the host is unavailable for attack during the chrysalis, adult and egg stages. Cool, but sunny weather conditions in spring can influence the degree of parasitisation experienced by final instar host caterpillars. The timing of adult A. bignellii emergence and subsequent attack on early instar hosts can lead to additional, partial, generations of parasitoids from second and fifth instar hosts.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 677-684 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words RFLPs ; Synteny ; Oryza ; Oat ; Map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We present the first genetic map of wild rice (Zizania palustris L., 2n=2x=30), a native aquatic grain of northern North America. The map is composed principally of previously mapped RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) genetic markers from rice (Oryza sativa 2n=2x=24). The map is important as a foundation for genetic and crop improvement studies, as well as a reference for genome organization comparisons among Gramineae species. A comparative mapping approach with rice is especially useful because wild rice is grouped in the same subfamily, Oryzoideae, and no other mapping comparison has yet been made within the subfamily. As rice is the reference point for mapping and gene cloning in cereals, establishing a consensus map within the subfamily identifies conserved and unique regions. The genomes of wild rice and rice differ in total DNA content (wild rice has twice that of rice) and chromosome pairs (wild rice=15 versus rice=12). The wild rice linkage map reported herein consists of 121 RFLP markers on 16 linkage groups spanning 1805 cM. Two linkage groups consist of only two markers. Colinear markers were found representing all rice linkage groups except #12. The majority of rice loci mapped to colinearly arranged arrays in wild rice (92 of 118). Features of the map include duplication of portions of three rice linkage groups and three possible translocations. The map gives basic information on the composition of the wild rice genome and provides tools to assist in the domestication of this important food source.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 793-799 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words RFLPs ; Synteny ; Oryza ; Oat ; Map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We present the first genetic map of wild rice (Zizania palustris L., 2n=2x=30), a native aquatic grain of northern North America. This map is composed principally of previously mapped RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) genetic markers from rice (Oryza sativa 2n=2x=24). The map is important as a foundation for genetic and crop improvement studies as well as a reference for genome organization comparisons among species of Gramineae. A comparative mapping approach with rice is especially useful because wild rice is grouped in the same subfamily, Oryzoideae, and no other mapping comparison has yet been made within the subfamily. As rice is the reference point for mapping and gene cloning in cereals, establishing a consensus map within the subfamily identifies conserved and unique regions. The genomes of wild rice and rice differ in total DNA content (wild rice has twice that of rice) and the number of chromosome pairs (wild rice=15 versus rice=12). The wild rice linkage map reported herein consists of 121 RFLP markers on 16 linkage groups spanning 1805 cM. Two linkage groups consist of only two markers. Colinear markers were found representing all rice linkage groups except #12. The majority of rice loci mapped to colinearly arranged arrays in wild rice (92 of 118). Features of the map include duplication of portions of three rice linkage groups and three possible translocations. The map gives basic information on the composition of the wild rice genome and provides tools to assist in the domestication of this important food source.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 383-395 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: HPLC ; retention time ; area ratio ; phenolic acids ; flavonoids ; soybean ; Glycine max
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Relative retention times and wavelength area ratios for over 50 standard compounds were calculated using reverse-phase HPLC. The standard compounds analyzed included benzoic acids, cinnamic acids, benzene carboxylic acids, acetic acids, coumarins, benzaldehydes and a variety of flavonoid compounds including flavanones, flavones, isoflavones, and their glycosides. Each standard compound was chromatographed by three different gradient elutions. Compounds were detected by UV absorption at 254 nm and 280 nm. Relative retention times with respect to two different internal references and the 254nm: 280nm wavelength area ratio was determined for each standard. Soybean root and seed extracts were analyzed for the presence of the standard compounds using the chromatographic conditions described.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1281-1292 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; roots ; soybean fingerprint ; growth stage ; HPLC ; soybeans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract HPLC was used to obtain fingerprint patterns of organic compounds extracted from roots of five soybean varieties at seven stages of growth. Fifteen major peaks were observed in all varieties at most growth stages. With increasing stage of growth, the less polar compounds accounted for a greater relative percentage of total peak area. Concentration of compounds extracted from roots increased dramatically as plants approached nodulation and flowering and then decreased to initial levels as plants matured.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 18 (1996), S. 127-133 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: Ribonucleotide reductase ; Synchronisation ; Tumour cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We describe a protocol for the synchronisation of normal and tumour cells grown in suspension cultures using 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one iron chelators. These compounds inhibit ribonucleotide reductase, one of the rate limiting enzymes in DNA synthesis, and so block the cell cycle in late G1 phase. After removal of the chelator or repletion of cellular iron, cells progress through the cycle and remain synchronised for at least one full cell cycle. Cell viability is unaffected for at least 72 hours post-incubation and chelator treatment has no effect on RNA and protein synthesis. This method of synchronisation has been successful with all cell lines tested including normal and leukaemic human cell lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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