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  • Chemistry  (10)
  • Volvariella volvacea  (2)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (10)
  • Springer  (2)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The high-resolution nmr spectrum of baker's yeast tRNACUALeu, a recently sequenced non-denaturable tRNA, has been compared with the spectra of the native and denatured conformers of the closely related species tRNAUUGLeu. Because of the presence of many common base pairs in the different tRNA's, it is possible to assign most of the low-field resonances to specific secondary-structure base pairs. A comparison of the observed positions of the various resonances with those predicted by a semiempirical ring-current shift theory shows a root-mean-square deviation of 0.14, 0.11, and 0.12 ppm for tRNAUUGLeu (native), and tRNAUUGLeu (denatured), respectively. These results support the ring-current shift theory currently used to interpret the low-field nmr spectra of the tRNA molecules. Differences between the predicted and observed positions of some resonances provide new evidence for higher order effects such as shifts from second nearest neighbors, anomalous shifts exerted by G·U base pairs, and tertiary-structure effects. A model that was previously proposed for the denatured conformer of tRNAUUGLeu is also supported.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 16 (1977), S. 1557-1566 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Yeast tRNA3Leu is one of several tRNA molecules which can adopt a stable, biologically inactive, denatured conformation. The circular dichroism of the native and denatured conformers differs, providing the basis for the present study of the mechanism for the renaturation process. Conversion of the denatured structure to the native takes place in two steps: a rapid change occurring immediately on addition of Mg++, followed by a slower, strongly temperature-dependent step which returns the molecule to its biologically active state. Optimal kinetic data for the second step could be obtained at 285 nm. Analysis of the time dependence of Δε285 by the Guggenheim method demonstrated that this step follows first-order kinetics. The temperature dependence of the rate constants over the range 32-41°C yielded the following parameters for the rate-limiting step: Ea = 69 kcal/mole, ΔH
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3127-3141 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isobutylene has been polymerized in a continuous stirred tank reactor using a catalyst system comprised of 1-bromoadamantane and diethylaluminum chloride. The polymerization was carried out in hexane solvent at -15 to -27°C and gave 100% conversion to polyisobutylene (PIB) of 1000-3000 Mw. The results of pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses are consistent with a mechanism involving the formation of the adamantyl cabocation and its addition to an isobutylene molecule to initiate polymerization. 13C-NMR analyses show that the PIB products contain R2C—CR2 and R2C—CHR olefin types. Information on the nature of these olefins and the route to their formation has been developed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1996), S. 537-542 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Cellulases ; Lentinula edodes ; ligninases ; mushrooms ; Pleurotus sajor-caju ; Volvariella volvacea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract One of the most economically-viable processes for the bioconversion of many types of lignocellulosic wastes is represented by edible mushroom cultivation. Lentinula edodes, Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus sajor-caju are three important commercially cultivated mushrooms which exhibit varying abilities to utilise different lignocellulosics as growth substrate. Examination of the lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of the three species show this diversity to be reflected in qualitative variations in the major enzymic determinants (i.e. cellulases, ligninases) required for substrate bioconversion. For example, L. edodes, which is cultivated on highly lignified substrates such as wood or sawdust, produces two extracellular enzymes which have been associated with lignin depolymerisation in other fungi, (manganese peroxidase and laccase). Conversely, V. volvacea, which prefers high cellulose-, low lignin-containing substrates produces a family of cellulolytic enzymes including at least five endoglucanases, five cellobiohydrolases and two β-glucosidases, but none of the recognised lignin-degrading enzymes.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1993), S. 503-507 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Edible mushrooms ; Lentinus edodes ; lignin-related phenols ; Pleurotus sajor-caju ; tannins ; Volvariella volvacea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pleurotus sajor-caju was generally more tolerant to lignin-related phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives than Lentinus edodes and the straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea. Several phenols, at up to 5 mM, enhanced mycelial growth of P. sajor-caju. No clear pattern was evident when the effects of phenols and tannins on the growth of V. volvacea and L. edodes were compared, but the lower concentrations of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin which were tested were markedly more toxic to the straw mushroom. The distribution of phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives in the agricultural wastes used for mushroom cultivation may be an important growth determinant. However, the differences in the growth inhibition profiles of L. edodes, P. sajor-caju and V. volvacea suggest that, alone, the effect of these compounds on fungal growth is unlikely to account for the varying abilities of the three mushroom species to grow and fruit on a particular lignocellulosic substrate.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1405-1406 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 1053-1057 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 1293-1299 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The individual, competitive, and displacement adsorption of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) in aqueous solution onto an attapulgite clay has been systematically studied. For the individual adsorption experiments, the amount of polymer adsorbed at equilibrium decreased in the order PVOH, HEC, HPMC. In the competitive adsorption experiments, the adsorption level of each polymer is diminished by the presence of a competing polymeric species. Binary mixtures of a cellulosic polymer (HEC or HPMC) with PVOH result in a substantial reduction in the amount of cellulosic polymer adsorbed. In the displacement adsorption studies, the sequential addition of HEC or HPMC is not able to displace previously adsorbed PVOH molecules to any appreciable extent. However, the addition of PVOH to previously equilibrated HEC/clay or HPMC/clay suspensions results in a large amount of the adsorbed cellulosic polymer being displaced by PVOH, especially under conditions of high surface coverage. These results indicate that PVOH is preferentially adsorbed on the clay surface and the strength of attachment to the surface is greater for PVOH than for either cellulosic polymer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 23 (1988), S. 129-134 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fragment-molecule (F+M) adduct ions of a variety of heterocyclic systems have been observed in positive methane chemical ionization spectra at relatively low sample concentrations, i.e. in the microgram range. The relative abundance of these adduct ions increases with sample concentration. Possible mechanisms of formation of F+M are discussed. Formation of such ions should be recognized as an artifact, otherwise such F+M adduct ions in chemical and electron ionization may be mistaken for impurities present in a sample.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 25 (1990), S. 409-414 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three of the main oxygen-containing fragments resulting from 3-methyl-2-butyl trifluoroacetate (11) had been identified previously as the 1-triflnoroacetoxyethyl cation (m/z 141, 12, product of simple cleavage), and the products of single (m/z 142) and double hydrogen transfer (m/z 143, protonated ethyl trifluoroacetate). Collisionally activated dissociation of m/z 142 and the isotopomers resulting from 11-2-d, 11-1-d3, 11-5,6-d6, and 11-18O2 has established that m/z 142 is the oxygen protonated 1-trifluoroacetoxyethyl free radical (17) formed by hydrogen shift irom a γ-methyl group to oxygen in the molecular ion, rather than in a complex (18) between 12 and the 2-propyl free radical, as expected based on a mechanistic model existing in the literature. The second hydrogen transferred originates in the other γ-methyl group; its migration may occur, but does not have to, in the complex between 17 and a molecule of propene, prior to dissociation of the two fragments. Collision-activated dissociation has now shown that the m/z 140 ion observed in the spectrum is the molecular ion of vinyl trifluoroacetate, possibly formed by a hydrogen transfer from 12 to the 2-propyl radical in the complex 18. The hydrogen migration to oxygen exhibits no isotope effect, whereas the transfers to carbon atoms exhibit small primary and α secondary kinetic isotope effects. Exclusive migration of the tertiary hydrogen from C(3) occurs in the formation of 2-methylbutene cation radical (m/z 70) from the molecular ion. The hydrocarbon ion fragments and the heteroatom-containing fragments are formed from 11 by disjoint pathways.
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