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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a genetic system for hyperthermophilic Archaea: expression of a moderate thermophilic bacterial alcohol dehydrogenase gene in Sulfolobus solfataricus (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 218 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Escherichia coli/Sulfolobus solfataricus shuttle vector pEXSs was used as a cloning vehicle for the gene transfer and expression of two bacterial genes in Sulfolobus solfataricus. The alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) from the moderate thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus (strain LLDR) and a mutagenised version encoding a less thermostable ADH enzyme were the selected genes. S. solfataricus adh promoter and aspartate aminotransferase terminator were used to drive the heterologous gene expression and to guarantee the correct termination of the transcripts, respectively. The constructed vectors were found to be able to carry these ‘passenger’ genes without undergoing any rearrangements. The active transcription of bacillar mRNAs was ascertained in vivo by RT-PCR. Transformed S. solfataricus expressed functional exogenous ADHs that showed unaffected kinetic and chemical–physical features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2003.tb11506.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rectified Concentrated Grape Must: HPLC Analysis of Phenolic Substances and Hydroxymethylfurfural (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 51 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The phenolic compounds extracted with ethyl acetate from 8 grape musts (5 Italian, 2 Greek, and 1 French) and from the rectified concentrated musts (RCMs) obtained from these, were analyzed. No quantifiable amount of phenolics were found by HPLC analyses of the RCMs. However, the chromatograms showed a peak that corresponded to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). By direct analysis of the RCMs, under the same analytical conditions used for phenolic compounds the HMF content of the RCMs was determined to range from 26 to 99 mg per kg of product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb13844.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL OF AN IMMOBILIZED ALLOSTERIC ENZYME SYSTEM (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 369 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb14191.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of an Enzymatic Capillary Membrane Reactor (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 434 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb29812.x
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  • 5
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    The evolution of galaxy metallicity scaling relations in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-05
    Description: The evolution of the metal content of galaxies and its relations to other global properties [such as total stellar mass ( M * ), circular velocity, star formation rate (SFR), halo mass, etc.] provides important constraints on models of galaxy formation. Here we examine the evolution of metallicity scaling relations of simulated galaxies in the Galaxies-Intergalactic Medium Interaction Calculation suite of cosmological simulations. We make comparisons to observations of the correlation of gas-phase abundances with M * (the mass–metallicity relation, MZR), as well as with both M * and SFR or gas mass fraction (the so-called 3D fundamental metallicity relations, FMRs). The simulated galaxies follow the observed local MZR and FMRs over an order of magnitude in M * , but overpredict the metallicity of massive galaxies (log M * 10.5), plausibly due to inefficient feedback in this regime. We discuss the origin of the MZR and FMRs in the context of galactic outflows and gas accretion. We examine the evolution of MZRs defined using different elements that probe the three enrichment channels [SNII, SNIa, and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars]. Relations based on elements produced mainly by SNII evolve weakly, whereas those based on elements produced preferentially in SNIa/AGB exhibit stronger evolution, due to the longer time-scales associated with these channels. Finally, we compare the relations of central and satellite galaxies, finding systematically higher metallicities for satellites, as observed. We show that this is due to the removal of the metal-poor gas reservoir that normally surrounds galaxies and acts to dilute their gas-phase metallicity (via cooling/accretion on to the disc), but is lost due to ram-pressure stripping for satellites.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Structure-function relationships governing activity and stability of a DNA alkylation damage repair thermostable protein (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-15
    Description: Alkylated DNA-protein alkyltransferases repair alkylated DNA bases, which are among the most common DNA lesions, and are evolutionary conserved, from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes. The human ortholog, hAGT, is involved in resistance to alkylating chemotherapy drugs. We report here on the alkylated DNA-protein alkyltransferase, Ss OGT, from an archaeal species living at high temperature, a condition that enhances the harmful effect of DNA alkylation. The exceptionally high stability of Ss OGT gave us the unique opportunity to perform structural and biochemical analysis of a protein of this class in its post-reaction form. This analysis, along with those performed on Ss OGT in its ligand-free and DNA-bound forms, provides insights in the structure-function relationships of the protein before, during and after DNA repair, suggesting a molecular basis for DNA recognition, catalytic activity and protein post-reaction fate, and giving hints on the mechanism of alkylation-induced inactivation of this class of proteins.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    On the mass assembly of low-mass galaxies in hydrodynamical simulations of structure formation (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-08
    Description: Cosmological hydrodynamical simulations are studied in order to analyse generic trends for the stellar, baryonic and halo mass assembly of low-mass galaxies ( M *   3 10 10 M ) as a function of their present halo mass, in the context of the cold dark matter (CDM) scenario and common subgrid physics schemes. We obtain that smaller galaxies exhibit higher specific star formation rates and higher gas fractions. Although these trends are in rough agreement with observations, the absolute values of these quantities tend to be lower than observed ones since z  ~ 2. The simulated galaxy stellar mass fraction increases with halo mass, consistently with semi-empirical inferences. However, the predicted correlation between them shows negligible variations up to high z , while these inferences seem to indicate some evolution. The hot-gas mass in z  = 0 haloes is higher than the central galaxy mass by a factor of ~1–1.5 and this factor increases up to ~5–7 at z  ~ 2 for the smallest galaxies. The stellar, baryonic and halo evolutionary tracks of simulated galaxies show that smaller galaxies tend to delay their baryonic and stellar mass assembly with respect to the halo one. The supernova feedback treatment included in this model plays a key role on this behaviour albeit the trend is still weaker than the one inferred from observations. At z  〉 2, the overall properties of simulated galaxies are not in large disagreement with those derived from observations.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Extensive investigation of the IGF2/H19 imprinting control region reveals novel OCT4/SOX2 binding site defects associated with specific methylation patterns in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: Isolated gain of methylation (GOM) at the IGF2/H19 imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) accounts for about 10% of patients with BWS. A subset of these patients have genetic defects within ICR1, but the frequency of these defects has not yet been established in a large cohort of BWS patients with isolated ICR1 GOM. Here, we carried out a genetic analysis in a large cohort of 57 BWS patients with isolated ICR1 GOM and analyzed the methylation status of the entire domain. We found a new point mutation in two unrelated families and a 21 bp deletion in another unrelated child, both of which were maternally inherited and affected the OCT4/SOX2 binding site in the A2 repeat of ICR1. Based on data from this and previous studies, we estimate that cis genetic defects account for about 20% of BWS patients with isolated ICR1 GOM. Methylation analysis at eight loci of the IGF2/H19 domain revealed that sites surrounding OCT4/SOX2 binding site mutations were fully methylated and methylation indexes declined as a function of distance from these sites. This was not the case in BWS patients without genetic defects identified. Thus, GOM does not spread uniformly across the IGF2/H19 domain, suggesting that OCT4/SOX2 protects against methylation at local sites. These findings add new insights to the mechanism of the regulation of the ICR1 domain. Our data show that mutations and deletions within ICR1 are relatively common. Systematic identification is therefore necessary to establish appropriate genetic counseling for BWS patients with isolated ICR1 GOM.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Evolution and Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter jejuni ST-677 Clonal Complex (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-25
    Description: Campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in the European Union with over 200,000 laboratory-confirmed cases reported annually. This is the first study to describe findings related to comparative genomics analyses of the sequence type (ST)-677 clonal complex (CC), a Campylobacter jejuni lineage associated with bacteremia cases in humans. We performed whole-genome sequencing, using Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology, on five related ST-677 CC isolates from two chicken farms to identify microevolution taking place at the farms. Our further aim was to identify novel putative virulence determinants from the ST-677 CC genomes. For this purpose, clinical isolates of the same CC were included in comparative genomic analyses against well-known reference strains of C. jejuni . Overall, the ST-677 CC was recognized as a highly clonal lineage with relatively small differences between the genomes. Among the farm isolates differences were identified mainly in the lengths of the homopolymeric tracts in genes related to the capsule, lipo-oligosaccharide, and flagella. We identified genomic features shared with C. jejuni subsp. doylei , which has also been shown to be associated with bacteremia in humans. These included the degradation of the cytolethal distending toxin operon and similarities between the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis loci. The phase-variable GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.47) ( wcbK , CAMP1649), associated with the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis locus, may play a central role in ST-677 CC conferring acid and serum resistance during different stages of infection. Homology-based searches revealed several additional novel features and characteristics, including two putative type Vb secretion systems and a novel restriction modification/methyltransferase gene cluster, putatively associated with pathogenesis and niche adaptation.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    In vitro biological characterization of IFN-{beta}-1a major glycoforms (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-28
    Description: Recombinant human interferon β-1a (IFN-β-1a) is extensively used as the first-line treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Its glycosylation is recognized as having a complex impact on a wide range of molecule characteristics and functions. The present study reports the enrichment of IFN-β-1a glycoforms and their physicochemical and biological characterization by means of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, sialic acid content, thermal denaturation and various in vitro bioassays (antiproliferative, antiviral, immunomodulatory and reporter gene assay). The glycoforms were fractionated by means of cation-exchange chromatography using recombinant IFN-β-1a derived from Chinese Hamster Ovary cell culture as starting material. The obtained fractions contained bi- and higher-antennarity glycans as described in the European Pharmacopoeia monograph ( Nr. 1639E, Interferon beta 1a concentrated solution ). The in vitro bioassay responses revealed a correlation mainly with the glycan antennarity. It is therefore suggested that all glycoforms have biological activity and play a role in modulating the overall IFN-β biological activity with higher-antennarity glycoforms being able to better sustain IFN-β-1a bioactivity over time. These data indicate the role of IFN-β-1a glycosylation in vivo and shed new light on the role of the glycosylation heterogeneity, in particular with regard to antennarity, on biological properties of glycoproteins.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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