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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Note: Autoignition Temperature of Selected Polymers at Elevated Oxygen Pressure and Their Heat of Combustion (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 20 (1996), S. 301-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Autoignition temperature and heat of combustion are two important parameters in determining the oxygen compatibility of materials. This study investigates the autoignition temperature of 32 polymers at an elevated oxygen pressure of 10.3 MPa and reports their heat of combustion. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of closed-cup flash points with normal boiling points for silicone and general organic compounds (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 21 (1997), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A correlation has been developed between closed-cup flash points and normal boiling points for silicone compounds. In addition, a more general correlation has been developed between these two properties for the general organic compounds, including silicone compounds. The closed-cup flash points can be predicted using empirical equations. The standard errors of estimate are 11.06 and 11.66°C for silicone compounds and general organic compounds (including silicone compounds), respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Communication: Autoignition temperatures of carbon-filled fluoroelastomers at elevated oxygen pressure (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 18 (1994), S. 389-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The autoignition temperature and composition of 15 carbon-filled fluoroelastomers have been determined. These experimental data and three sets of literature data are used to examine the relationship between autoignition temperature and rubber composition. The autoignition temperature at an elevated oxygen pressure is strongly affected by the carbon black content in rubbers. An empirical equation is derived and can be used to predict the autoignition temperature of carbon-filled fluoroelastomers based on the carbon black content.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810180607
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flammability testing of pure and flame retardant-treated cotton fabrics (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 19 (1995), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A Controlled-atomosphere cone calorimeter was used to investigate the burning of pure and flame retardant-treated cotton fabrics. The condensed-phase flame retardants used were Morguard (containing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phoisphate) and Nochar (containing ammonium sulfate and a sodium salt). The fabrics were tested at 25 kW m-2 incident heat flux in environments containing 15-30% oxygen. The flame retardants increased the time to ignition, residue yield, and CO and CO2 yields. The flame retardants decreased the peak and average mass loss rates, the peak and average heat release rates, the effective heat of combustion at peak heat release rate, and the propensity to flashover. The effect of oxygen concentration on the burning of pure and flame retardant-treated cotton fabrics has also been investigated. The flame retardants had better performance when the treated fabrics burned in the lower oxyge concentrations. The result of this study indicate that the controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter is a good tool for studying the effect of flame retardant and oxygen concentration on the burning of materials.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810190506
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study on the radiative ignition of silicones (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 22 (1998), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Silicones comprise a wide variety of materials such as fluids, elastomers, resins, and foams. This paper reports the ignitability of some typical silicones under various external radiant heat fluxes. The ignitability of silicones was studied using a cone calorimeter under radiant heat flux levels of 0.5-60 kW m-2. The time to ignition of the silicones was found to be proportional to a power of the incident heat flux that varies from -1.33 to -2.84. For silicone fluids, viscosity (or molecular size) is the key variable in controlling the ignitability. For silicone elastomers, the fillers play an important role in controlling the ignitability, especially at incident heat fluxes lower than 35 kW m-2. The ignitability of silicone resins depends on the chemical structure of the resins: the pure trifunctional resin has the lowest ignitability. The ignitability of the silicone foams having the same density depends on the foam thickness, especially at incident heat fluxes lower than 30 kW m-2. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flammability testing of flame-retarded epoxy composites and phenolic composites (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 21 (1997), S. 41-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Flame-retarded epoxy composites and phenolic composites containing fiberglass, aramid (Kevlar® 49), and graphite fiber-reinforcements were tested using the NASA upward flame propagation test, the controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter test, and the liquid oxygen (LOX) mechanical impact test. The upward flame propagation test showed that phenolic/graphite had the highest flame resistance and epoxy/graphite had the lowest flame resistance. The controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter was used to investigate the effect of oxygen concentration and fiber reinforcement on the burning behavior of composites. The LOX mechanical impact test showed that epoxy/fiberglass had the lowest ignition resistance and phenolic/aramid had the highest ignition resistance in LOX. The composites containing epoxy resin and/or aramid fiber reinforcement reacted very violently in LOX upon mechanical impact. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Characterization of (Z)-1-[2-(Triarylstannyl)vinyl]-1-Cyclohexanols and their Arylhalostannyl DerivativesDedicated to Professor Friedo Huber on his 65th Birthday (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1006-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Arylhalostannyl compounds ; syntheses ; characterization ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese und Charakterisierung von (Z)-1-[2-(Triarylstannyl)vinyl]-1-cyclohexanolen und ihren Arylhalostannyl-Derivaten1-Ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol reagiert mit Triarylzinn-Hydrid Ar3SnH (Ar = Phenyl, p-Tolyl) und bildet das entsprechende (Z)-1-[2-(Triarylstannyl)vinyl]-1-cyclohexanol. Das erhaltene Produkt reagiert mit ein oder zwei Äquivalenten Halogen (ICl oder I2) unter Bildung von (Z)-1-[2-(Diarylhalostannyl)vinyl]-1-cyclohexanol bzw. (Z)-1-[2-(Aryldihalostannyl)vinyl]-1-cyclohexanol. Alle Verbindungen wurden elementaranalytisch und durch 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR und Mössbauer Spektroskopie charakterisiert.
    Notes: 1-Ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol reacts with a triaryltin hydride Ar3SnH (Ar = phenyl, p-tolyl) and generates the corresponding (Z)-1-[2-(triarylstannyl)vinyl]-1-cyclohexanol. The product obtained reacts with one or two equivalents of halogen (ICl or I2) to form the associated (Z)-1-[2-(diarylhalostannyl)-vinyl]-1-cyclohexanol or (Z)-1-[2-(aryldihalostannyl)vinyl]-1-cyclohexanol, respectively. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19946200609
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter studies of silicones (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 21 (1997), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter was used to investigate the burning of a silicone fluid and two silicone elastomers. The silicone materials were tested at 50 kW/m2 incident heat flux in environments containing 15-30% oxygen. The test results were compared with a high molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid and an ethylene propylene rubber in terms of time to ignition, peak heat release rate and total heat released, carbon monoxide yield and carbon monoxide production rate, and smoke production and smoke production rate. The data from this study show that when materials burn in oxygen-enriched, normal, and vitiated atmospheres, silicone-based materials have a comparatively low peak heat release rate, total heat released, average CO production rate, and average smoke production rate as compared with organic-based materials. The smoke production and smoke production rate of silicone elastomers can be significantly reduced by adding appropriate smoke suppressants and additives. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shielding effects of silica-ash layer on the combustion of silicones and their possible applications on the fire retardancy of organic polymers (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 22 (1998), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This study demonstrates the shielding effects of a silica-ash layer on the combustion of silicones and their possible applications on the fire retardancy of organic materials. The deposited silica-ash layer, formed on the surface of silicone materials during combustion, has shielding effects on the combustion of silicones. It insulates the burning surface from the radiant heat of flame, as well as from the radiant heat produced from the burning of adjacent materials. It also restricts the diffusion of fuels into the combustion zone and the access of oxygen to the unburned fuels. The shielding effects provide some of the fundamentals for the development of silicone-based fire retardants. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 10
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    Genes, Vol. 10, Pages 188: Genome Sequencing Illustrates the Genetic Basis of the Pharmacological Properties of Gloeostereum incarnatum (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Genes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Gloeostereum incarnatum is a precious edible mushroom that is widely grown in Asia and known for its useful medicinal properties. Here, we present a high-quality genome of G. incarnatum using the single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing platform. The G. incarnatum genome, which is the first complete genome to be sequenced in the family Cyphellaceae, was 38.67 Mbp, with an N50 of 3.5 Mbp, encoding 15,251 proteins. Based on our phylogenetic analysis, the Cyphellaceae diverged ~174 million years ago. Several genes and gene clusters associated with lignocellulose degradation, secondary metabolites, and polysaccharide biosynthesis were identified in G. incarnatum, and compared with other medicinal mushrooms. In particular, we identified two terpenoid-associated gene clusters, each containing a gene encoding a sesterterpenoid synthase adjacent to a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme. These clusters might participate in the biosynthesis of incarnal, a known bioactive sesterterpenoid produced by G. incarnatum. Through a transcriptomic analysis comparing the G. incarnatum mycelium and fruiting body, we also demonstrated that the genes associated with terpenoid biosynthesis were generally upregulated in the mycelium, while those associated with polysaccharide biosynthesis were generally upregulated in the fruiting body. This study provides insights into the genetic basis of the medicinal properties of G. incarnatum, laying a framework for future characterization of bioactive proteins and pharmaceutical uses of this fungus.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4425
    Topics: Biology
    Published by MDPI
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