ALBERT

Beschreibung: Horizontal well (HW) was divided into several elements after acidizing. In each element, there would exist a composite zone that was made up of damage zone (DZ) and acidizing zone (AZ). Local skin factor after acidizing was used to describe the resistance in each composite zone. The models for local skin factor and productivity of HW were created using the method of equivalent filtration resistance and displacement between two similar flow modes. According to the solution of the models, type curves of skin factor and production-increasing ratio after acidizing were illustrated, and the effect of different parameters in DZ and AZ on distribution of skin factor and production-increasing ratio after acidizing were discussed. The present model has a significant guide on the practice of acidizing technology.

Beschreibung: Abstract In this report, a mixed‐metal cation‐based halide perovskite (HP) CsPb1−xTixBr3 quantum dots (QDs) were first embedded in the B–Si–Zn glasses using a traditional approach of melt quenching and heat treating. A battery of test results such as photoluminescence, X‐ray diffraction, and time‐resolved attenuation prove that Ti ions do not destroy the properties of CsPbBr3, and they are successfully doped into CsPbBr3. At the same time, the doping of Ti ions also reduces the toxicity of lead. By altering the ratio of Pb/Ti, we determined the optimum ratio of CsPb0.7Ti0.3Br3 QDs through experimental data. Due to the excellent optical properties and stability of CsPb0.7Ti0.3Br3 QDs glass, it was designed to construct the white‐light emitting diode device with tunable color coordinate, color rendering index, correlated color temperature, and a high luminous efficiency compared with CsPbBr3 QDs glass, which may be a promising candidate for the field of lighting and displays.

Beschreibung: Foggy images taken in the bad weather inevitably suffer from contrast loss and color distortion. Existing defogging methods merely resort to digging out an accurate scene transmission in ignorance of their unpleasing distortion and high complexity. Different from previous works, we propose a simple but powerful method based on histogram equalization and the physical degradation model. By revising two constraints in a variational histogram equalization framework, the intensity component of a fog-free image can be estimated in HSI color space, since the airlight is inferred through a color attenuation prior in advance. To cut down the time consumption, a general variation filter is proposed to obtain a numerical solution from the revised framework. After getting the estimated intensity component, it is easy to infer the saturation component from the physical degradation model in saturation channel. Accordingly, the fog-free image can be restored with the estimated intensity and saturation components. In the end, the proposed method is tested on several foggy images and assessed by two no-reference indexes. Experimental results reveal that our method is relatively superior to three groups of relevant and state-of-the-art defogging methods.

Beschreibung: Thermodynamic driving forces of eight possible elementary steps for Hantzsch ester and six possible elementary steps for H 2 to release two hydrogen atoms (2H • ) or ions (H − and H + ) in acetonitrile were examined using experimental method or the available related thermodynamic data for the first time, which can facilitate chemists to choose a suitable reducing agent between Hantzsch ester and H 2 to reduce a given organic unsaturated compound in acetonitrile and make a rational diagnosis on the detailed reaction mechanisms. The focus of this paper is to compare the differences between Hantzsch ester and H 2 to release two hydrogen atoms (or ions) on the thermodynamics of elementary steps in acetonitrile. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The focus of this paper is to compare differences between Hantzsch ester (HEH 2 ) and H 2 to release two hydrogen atoms (2H • ) or ions (H − and H + ) on thermodynamics of each elementary step in acetonitrile, which can make chemists to choose suitable reducer between HEH 2 and H 2 as well as diagnose reduction mechanism.

Beschreibung: Background: Haemophilus influenzae is one of the main pathogens that cause community-acquired respiratory infections in children. Our previous study showed that H. influenzae is the second most common pathogen causing pneumonia and accounts for 30?50% of bacterial meningitis among Chinese children. H. influenzae carriage in children and its resistance to commonly used antimicrobials varies widely both geographically and over time. Results: Surveys of the nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae in children younger than 5 years of age with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) were conducted in Beijing Children?s Hospital, China in 2000, 2002, 2010, and 2012. The overall annual carriage rates of H. influenzae among children younger than 5 years of age with ARI were 35.5%, 20.6%, 14.4%, and 18.7%, and the percentages of H. influenzae isolates producing ?-lactamase were 4%, 13%, 27.1%, and 31%, respectively. The percentages of susceptibility to ampicillin progressively decreased from 96% (2000) to 87% (2002) to 63% (2010) to 61% (2012). All of the ampicillin-resistant isolates were found to be beta-lactamase producers. The susceptibility to tetracycline increased from 54% (2000) to 60% (2002) to 91.5% (2010) to 94.5% (2012). No statistically significant differences were observed in the susceptibility to cefaclor, cefuroxime, sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone were the most effective antimicrobials for the isolates of H. influenzae across the 10-year period. Conclusions: This report on the H. influenzae carriage rates in children and the susceptibility of these bacteria to commonly used antibiotics showed that H. influenzae carriage decreased from 2000 to 2012. Additionally, the percentage of ?-lactamase-producing isolates increased while their susceptibility to ampicillin progressively decreased during this time. These results indicate that the appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy should be changed for pediatric patients in China.

Beschreibung: To obtain efficient estimation of parameters is a major objective in population pharmacokinetic study. In this paper, we propose an empirical likelihood-based method to analyze the population pharmacokinetic data based on the generalized linear model. A nonparametric version of the Wilk's theorem for the limiting distributions of the empirical likelihood ratio is derived. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of empirical likelihood method. An application illustrating our methods and supporting the simulation study results is presented. The results suggest that the proposed method is feasible for population pharmacokinetic data.

Beschreibung: Images captured in fog conditions often suffer from weather of poor visibility which fades the colors and reduces the contrast in the scene. This paper proposes a novel regularization method which utilizes space transformation in order to restore the hidden scene with high dynamic range and enhanced edge information. In order to efficiently improve the visualization, the proposed method is built upon contrast stretching which can obtain better estimation map as well as solve the problem. Using minimum energy constraints, the algorithm recovers scene albedo on a number of haze images. Experimental results show that the method effectively achieves accurate and true representation.

Beschreibung: Background: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the arterial wall play a critical role in the development of occlusive vascular diseases. Cysteine-rich protein 2 (CRP2) is a VSMC-expressed LIM-only protein, which functionally limits VSMC migration and protects against pathological vascular remodeling. The multifunctional cytokine TGFbeta has been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through numerous downstream signaling pathways. We showed previously that TGFbeta upregulates CRP2 expression; however, the detailed signaling mechanisms remain unclear. Results: TGFbeta treatment of VSMCs activated both Smad2/3 and ATF2 phosphorylation. Individually knocking down Smad2/3 or ATF2 pathways with siRNA impaired the TGFbeta induction of CRP2, indicating that both contribute to CRP2 expression. Inhibiting TbetaRI kinase activity by SB431542 or TbetaRI knockdown abolished Smad2/3 phosphorylation but did not alter ATF2 phosphorylation, indicating while Smad2/3 phosphorylation was TbetaRI-dependent ATF2 phosphorylation was independent of TbetaRI. Inhibiting Src kinase activity by SU6656 suppressed TGFbeta-induced RhoA and ATF2 activation but not Smad2 phosphorylation. Blocking ROCK activity, the major downstream target of RhoA, abolished ATF2 phosphorylation and CRP2 induction but not Smad2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, JNK inhibition with SP600125 reduced TGFbeta-induced ATF2 (but not Smad2) phosphorylation and CRP2 protein expression while ROCK inhibition blocked JNK activation. These results indicate that downstream of TbetaRII, Src family kinase-RhoA-ROCK-JNK signaling pathway mediates TbetaRI-independent ATF2 activation. Promoter analysis revealed that the TGFbeta induction of CRP2 was mediated through the CRE and SBE promoter elements that were located in close proximity. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that two signaling pathways downstream of TGFbeta converge on the CRE and SBE sites of the Csrp2 promoter to cooperatively control CRP2 induction in VSMCs, which represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of VSMC gene induction by TGFbeta.

Beschreibung: The single image dehazing algorithms in existence can only satisfy the demand for dehazing efficiency, not for denoising. In order to solve the problem, a Bayesian framework for single image dehazing considering noise is proposed. Firstly, the Bayesian framework is transformed to meet the dehazing algorithm. Then, the probability density function of the improved atmospheric scattering model is estimated by using the statistical prior and objective assumption of degraded image. Finally, the reflectance image is achieved by an iterative approach with feedback to reach the balance between dehazing and denoising. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can remove haze and noise simultaneously and effectively.

Beschreibung: In this work, the ligand methyl(2-pyrazinyl)ketone oxime with a pyrazinyl ring and an oxime moiety was synthesized. The two complexes [Cu 3 (μ 3 -OH)(μ-OPz) 3 (NO 3 ) 2 ] · 2H 2 O · CH 3 OH ( 1 ) and [Ag 3 (HOPz) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ](NO 3 ) ( 2 ) [HOPz = methyl(2-pyrazinyl)ketone oxime] could be isolated and structurally characterized. Complex 1 exhibits a fundamental structural unit of trinuclear Cu 3 (μ 3 -OH) clusters, whereas complex 2 has a three-core linear-shaped silver(I) structure. For complexes 1 and 2 , the pyrazinyl ring of the HOPz ligand acts as an electron-deficient heterocycle and the nitrate anion is the electron-rich unit. The structure of complex 1 is arranged by O(W) ··· O(MeOH) ··· O(NO 3 – ) hydrogen bonds into a 1D chain, which is furthermore assembled into a 2D structure by C–H ··· π i (C Pz ) interactions between pyridyl rings and methyl groups. Complex 2 has a three-core linear-shaped structure, the nitrate oxygen atoms are involved in weak Ag ··· O interactions, which are linked into 1D chains by oxime ··· O(NO 3 – ) hydrogen bonded R 2 2 (12) dimers. The O(NO 3 – ) ··· π ii (C Pz ) interactions further connect the adjacent moieties into a 3D supramolecular network. Complexes 1 and 2 present intriguing self-complementary supra-molecular architectures through combination of coordination, hydrogen bonding, C–H ··· π as well as O(NO 3 – ) ··· π weak interactions. The results also provide a prototype for the development of frameworks with anions and multiple guest-binding sites using general principles of crystal design.