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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Evolutionary Aspects of the Insect Thorax (1963)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 8 (1963), S. 59-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.08.010163.000423
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydroxylation of menthols and cineoles withm-chloroperbenzoic acid (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 201-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: 1-Menthol ; iso-menthol ; neo-menthol ; 1,4-cineole ; 1,8-cineole ; m-chloroperbenzoic acid ; hydroxylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reaction of menthols and cineoles withm-chloroperbenzoic acid afforded tertiary, secondary, and primary alcohols, some of which were natural products having potent plant growth regulatory activity or were mammlianm metabolies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952469
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information theory of optimization in chromatography: Correlation of information functions in optimization (1990)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 29 (1990), S. 446-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Chromatography, general ; Optimization ; Information theory ; Kalman filter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The quality of a chromatogram can be numerically characterized by a set of the information functions (Φ, δΦ, ΔΦ) where Φ is called FUMI, δΦ is the information loss, and ΔΦ is the information variation. A chromatogram can be expressed as a point in the space (Φ, δΦ, ΔΦ) and change in a parameter such as wavelength shift draws a curved line in the space. Optimization processes of different parameters display different patterns of lines in the space. Two types of optimization in the space are demonstrated for the analysis of an antipyretics mixture by liquid chromatography. The method used here may lead to a new aspect of optimization theory in chromatography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261392
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of precision and throughput in micellar elektrokinetic chromatography (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 37 (1993), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: General chromatography ; Optimization ; Information theory ; Optimized resolution ; MEKC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The influences of micelle concentration, applied voltage and temperature on the precision and throughput of analysis are studied. The precision is the Shannon mutual information and the throughput is the transmission speed of the information (=information divided by analysis time). The dependence of the precision and throughput on the peak shape, resolution Rs and run time is examined in various operating conditions. The most precise analysis (indicated by the maximum of the information) and the highest throughput analysis (the maximum of the transmission speed) are selected and their analytical importance is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02275852
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of precision from signal and noise measurement in liquid chromatography: Limit of detection (1995)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 41 (1995), S. 66-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Limit of detection ; Precision ; Uncertainty prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method to determine the limit of detection (LOD) in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. The power spectral density of instrumental baseline variation is fitted by the simplex least squares methods with a mixed random process of white noise and Markov process as a model. The white noise is characterized by standard deviation (SD), ∼w; the Markov process by the SD, ∼m, and auto-correlation degree, ρ. All required parameters for calculating the LOD signal are obtained by experiment without repeat measurements. No arbitrary constants are needed. The LOD signal is uniquely determined and is characterized by 33.3% relative standard deviation (RSD) of analyte measurements and 0.13% of the error of the first type. This signal also specifies that the signal-to-noise ratio=3, using the definition of noise originating from the white noise and Markov process. The theoretical conclusion is verified by the Monte Carlo simulation using real baseline and peaks. The LOD concentrations for naphthalene, acenaphthene, pyrene and perylene are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274197
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deductive prediction of measurement precision and optimization of integration time and wavelength in capillary electrophoreses (1995)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 41 (1995), S. 707-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ; Theoretical error prediction ; Optimization of experimental conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper demonstrates that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of measurements in a capillary electrophoresis system can be predicted theoretically from the baseline and the signal shape at low sample concentration. The only requirements for prediction of the uncertainty are the Fourier transform of the baseline (here 2048 data points) and the observation of signal shape. The micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) of acetaminophen and caffeine is taken as an example. The optimum is defined here as the condition of the lowest RSD or highest precision. The optimum single wavelength is selected from between 220 and 350 nm for the MEKC system equipped with a photodiode array detector. The optimum time domain of signal integration is shown to be even narrower than the entire signal region, providing an RSD value about half that for integration of the entire region. The theory is in good agreement with observed RSD values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02267809
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total chromatographic optimization (TOCO) I. Simultaneous optimization of many variables in liquid chromatography (1990)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 30 (1990), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Optimization of variables ; Information theory ; Kalman filter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The following chromatographic variables are totally optimized based on the recently developed information theory of optimization: mobile phase composition, column length, flow rate, wavelength, and the amount of internal standard. The optimal internal standard is selected from among six candidates. Two types of optimal conditions (Φ- and ϑ-optimals) are proposed: the Φ-optimal is defined as the most precise analysis (the maximal Φ) while the ϑ-optimal is the most efficient (rapid) analysis (the maximal ϑ). The observation times for the determination of an antipyretics mixture (three components) in liquid chromatography are ca. 50 s for the ϑ-optimal and ca. 8 min for the Φ-optimal. The reliability of the Φ- and ϑ-optimals is verified by experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270454
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total chromatographic optimization (TOCO) II. Precision and efficiency of analysis (1990)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 30 (1990), S. 171-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Optimization of variables ; Information theory ; Kalman filter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A chromatographic system set at an operating condition takes its own precision and efficiency which are numerically described by the information Φ called FUMI and the information flow ϑ, respectively. Optimization for a variable such as mobile phase composition draws a line in the Φ-ϑ space. This paper demonstrates that optimization of different variables displays different patterns of lines in the Φ-ϑ space. The variables examined here are mobile phase composition, column length, flow rate (velocity) and detection wavelength (or the amount of internal standard). Clear difference in the analytical roles of the variables can be known from the Φ-ϑ plots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274541
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information theory of optimization in chromatography: Analytical structure of optimization (1990)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 30 (1990), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Optimization of variables ; Information theory ; Kalman filter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The analytical roles of chromatographic variables (column length, etc.) can be soundly comprehended and compared in terms of the precision (Φ) of measurements and efficiency (ϑ) of analysis which are described as Shannon information and information flow, respectively. The φϑ plots of the optimization process and the information Φ transmitted by a single peak are useful to understand the analytical structure of optimization. Variables treated here are mobile phase composition (X), column length (L), mobile phase velocity rate (u), detection wavelength (λ) and plate number (N).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02328500
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple optimization strategy based on Rs-minimum and information theory of chromatography (1990)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 30 (1990), S. 367-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Optimization of variables ; Information theory ; Kalman filter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple optimization method based on the well-known Rs-minimum method and on the information theory of FUMI Φ is proposed. Resolution (Rs), peak area and height (or width) are the only parameters necessary for the calculation of the information Φ and information flow ϑ. The most precise analysis can be selected as the chromatogram having maximal ϑ. Mobile phase composition, column length, flow rate, detection wavelength, amount of internal standard, etc. can be optimized by this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02328499
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