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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GLYCOPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 42 (2002), S. 381-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Glycopeptide antibiotics are integral components of the current antibiotic arsenal that is under strong pressures as a result of the emergence of a variety of resistance mechanisms over the past 15 years. Resistance has manifested itself largely through the expression of genes that encode proteins that reprogram cell wall biosynthesis and thus evade the action of the antibiotic in the enterococci, though recently new mechanisms have appeared that afford resistance and tolerance in the more virulent staphylococci and streptococci. Overcoming glycopeptide resistance will require innovative approaches to generate new antibiotics or otherwise to inhibit the action of resistance elements in various bacteria. The chemical complexity of the glycopeptides, the challenges of discovering and successfully exploiting new targets, and the growing number of distinct resistance types all increase the difficulty of the current problem we face as a result of the emergence of glycopeptide resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.091601.142813
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation transfer through a model sunspot (1979)
    Springer
    Solar physics 63 (1979), S. 221-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a cylindrically symmetric model for a sunspot atmosphere using the similarity principle of Schlüter and Temesvary for the magnetic field configuration. The equations of magnetostatic equilibrium are used, augmented by a radial Evershed flow. The LTE radiative transfer equations for the Stokes vector were solved under a variety of conditions for a ray emerging from a typical penumbral point. The contribution from isolated lines to the broadband circular polarization in sunspot penumbrae is evaluated using a more realistic model sunspot atmosphere than has hitherto been considered. Results indicate that the inclusion of a velocity field along B is unable to give a net circular polarization of sufficient magnitude, although the variation with the angle between the line-of-sight and B is in qualitative agreement with observations. The corresponding results for the net linear polarization are satisfactory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174528
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence against DNA polymerase β as a candidate gene for Werner syndrome (1994)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 93 (1994), S. 507-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of humans characterized by the premature onset and accelerated rate of development of several major age-related disorders. An aberration in DNA replication or repair is suggested by the evidence of genome instability. Since the structural gene for DNA polymerase β maps within the region of the WS mutation on the short arm of chromosome 8 and is involved in both DNA repair and DNA replication, we evaluated its candidacy as the WS gene. Several independent lines of evidence did not support that hypothesis: (1) activity gels showed normal enzyme activity and electrophoretic mobility; (2) nucleotide sequence analysis of the entire coding region failed to reveal mutations (although indicated mistakes in the published sequence); (3) single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and heteroduplex analyses failed to reveal evidence of mutations in the promoter region; (4) a newly discerned polymorphism failed to reveal evidence of homozygosity by descent in a consanguineous patient; and 5) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis placed the DNA polymerase β gene centromeric to D8S135 at 8p11.2 and thus beyond the region of peak LOD scores for WS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202813
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the sensory palps ofTetranchyroderma papii (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) (1980)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 95 (1980), S. 115-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The sensory palps of the macrodasyoid gastrotrichTetranchyroderma papii contain processes from two types of cell: 22–23 bipolar primary sensory cells and two to three support cells. In the proximal region of the palp each sensory cell contains a short ciliary segment with a basal body and from this ciliary segment a longer distal segment lacking axonemal microtubules extends through the major part of the length of the palp. Each support cell process bears microvilli and contains a conspicuous bundle of microtubules running the entire length of the process. The cell bodies of both cell types are situated in the epidermis of the head region. The palps are interpreted as having a chemosensory function. They are considered to be homologous to the posterior cephalic sensory organ ofTurbanella cornuta, but not the head tentacles ofChordodasys antennatus or nematode amphids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997905
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear Codes and Their Coordinate Ordering (2000)
    Springer
    Designs, codes and cryptography 20 (2000), S. 229-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7586
    Keywords: Linear codes ; chain condition ; two-way chain condition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A necessary and sufficientcondition for a q-ary code to satisfy the two-waychain condition (TCC) is found. A known construction of q-arycodes is shown to yield codes satisfying the TCC. Some q-arycodes of dimension k ≤ 6 meeting the Griesmerbound are proved to satisfy the TCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008369924325
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antichain Codes (1999)
    Springer
    Designs, codes and cryptography 18 (1999), S. 71-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7586
    Keywords: multinomial code ; generalized distances ; chain condition ; wire-tap channel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We show that almost all codes satisfy an antichain condition. This states that the minimum length of a two dimensional subcode of a code C increases if the subcode is constrained to contain a minimum weight codeword. In particular, almost no code satisfies the chain condition. In passing, we study the typical behaviour of codes with respect to generalized distances and show that almost all lie on a generalized Varshamov-Gilbert bound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008329017752
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection as contract to teach at the student's level. Experiences from a South African mathematics and science foundation year (2000)
    Springer
    Higher education 40 (2000), S. 1-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-174X
    Keywords: critical incidents technique ; development and evaluation of selection mechanisms ; higher education ; identification of students with academic potential for mathematics and science ; incoming student specification ; predictive validity ; research into fair ; effective and efficient selection instruments ; selection ; selection cut-off scores ; test specifications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The selection of students is a critical issuecurrently facing South African higher educationinstitutions. The identification and selection ofdisadvantaged students with the potential to succeedin mathematics- and science-based study is aparticularly pressing problem. The new South Africanhigher education law requires that selection is donein a fair and transparent manner. Selection has to befollowed by adequate support for selected students tosucceed in their study programmes. Issues of accessare closely coupled to issues of retention andsuccess. The research results discussed in this paperillustrate how these issues can be successfullyaddressed and how selection fairness and effectivenessmay be optimised under the constraints of selectionefficiency. An optimal solution can be found bydeveloping test specifications and selection cut-offvalues based on the teaching programme for which theselection is done. The resulting close fit betweenselection testing and teaching after selection leadsto a reasonable expectation of success for selectedstudents in the study programme. Under suchconditions, selection can be seen as a contract toteach at the student's level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004020305088
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultural factors in the origin and remediation of alternative conceptions in physics (1995)
    Springer
    Science & education 4 (1995), S. 317-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1901
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract Over a wide range of subject areas students exhibit persistent conceptions contrary to the prevailing scientific concepts. The same alternative conceptions in physics are reported to exist across many countries, within a variety of cultural and environmental contexts. Also, many alternative conceptions show striking similarities with difficulties encountered in the historical development of physics. What is the reason for these similarities? Is intuitive science learned or triggered? And, if similar brain structures are responsible for common-sense theories, in what way then are cultural factors still important in the teaching-learning process? The influence of cultural factors will be discussed on the basis of literature available on this topic. Data collected by the authors in the Netherlands, Indonesia and countries in Africa are also taken into consideration. A distinction is proposed between alternative conceptions some of which may be universal and some dependent on culture. The same distinction is made regarding ways of reasoning and epistemology. It is suggested that the effectiveness of methods for the remediation of alternative conceptions is strongly influenced by cultural aspects of the teaching-learning process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00487756
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The processing and characterization of sintered metal-reinforced aluminium matrix composites (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 6435-6445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The current investigation involves the fabrication and characterization of an aluminium metal matrix composite reinforced with sintered metal preforms. Two types of metallic preforms were used (steel and stainless steel) and a variety of squeeze casting conditions were investigated using systematic design-of-experiments techniques to determine the effect of casting conditions on the composite microstructure and mechanical properties. It was observed that a detrimental reaction phase containing iron, aluminium and silicon formed around the metallic preform particles, with a lower volume fraction of reaction phase forming at the lower melt casting temperature. This reaction phase appears to promote premature fracture by facilitating crack initiation and propagation. The stainless steel-reinforced composites had a smaller volume fraction of reaction phase and exhibited superior properties compared to the steel-reinforced composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018686505563
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  • 10
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    Phylogenetic reconciliation reveals the natural history of glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis and resistance (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Electronic ISSN: 2058-5276
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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