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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses of Terrestrial Ecosystems to the Changing Atmosphere: A Resource-Based Approach (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 23 (1992), S. 201-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.23.110192.001221
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Ecology and Economics of Storage in Plants (1990)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 21 (1990), S. 423-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.002231
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Mineral Nutrition of Wild Plants (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 11 (1980), S. 233-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.001313
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Resource Limitation in Plants-An Economic Analogy (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 16 (1985), S. 363-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.16.110185.002051
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct and indirect effects of temperature on arctic plants (1983)
    Springer
    Polar biology 2 (1983), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Most physiological processes of arctic plants are less temperature sensitive than those of temperate counterparts and consequently are most strongly limited by factors other than temperature. Annual carbon gains is limited primarily by length of growing season and secondarily by light, temperature, and nitrogen. Nutrient absorption is limited much more strongly by nutrient availability than by temperature. Nutrient availability in turn is restricted by a variety of factors stemming indirectly from low temperature. The in situ growth rate of arctic plants is comparable to or higher than that of temperate plants despite a 15–20°C difference in average air temperature. I conclude that temperature limits in several ways the rate at which resources become available to arctic plants and thereby the rates of resource acquisition and growth that can be maintained in an arctic environment, but that temperature is not a strong direct limitation to plant growth in the Arctic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258285
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen nutrition and isotope differences among life forms at the northern treeline of Alaska (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 100 (1994), S. 406-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Boreal forest ; Nitrogen, phosphorus, and cation nutrition ; Stable isotopes ; Picea glauca Calamagrostis Vaccinium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Natural abundances of nitrogen isotopes, δ15N, indicate that, in the same habitat, Alaskan Picea glauca and P. mariana use a different soil nitrogen compartment from the evergreen shrub Vaccinium vitis-idaea or the deciduous grass Calamagrostis canadensis. The very low δ15N values (-7.7 ‰) suggest that (1) Picea mainly uses inorganic nitrogen (probably mainly ammonium) or organic N in fresh litter, (2) Vaccinium (-4.3 ‰) with its ericoid mycorrhizae uses more stable organic matter, and (3) Calamagrostis (+0.9 ‰) exploits deeper soil horizons with higher δ15N values of soil N. We conclude that species limited by the same nutrient may coexist by drawing on different pools of soil N in a nutrient-deficient environment. The differences among life-forms decrease with increasing N availability. The different levels of δ15N are associated with different nitrogen concentrations in leaves, Picea having a lower N concentration (0.62 mmol g−1) than Vaccinium (0.98 mmol g−1) or Calamagrostis (1.33 mmol g−1). An extended vector analysis by Timmer and Armstrong (1987) suggests that N is the most limiting element for Picea in this habitat, causing needle yellowing at N concentrations below 0.5 mmol g−1 or N contents below 2 mmol needle−1. Increasing N supply had an exponential effect on twig and needle growth. Phosphorus, potassium and magnesium are at marginal supply, but no interaction between ammonium supply and needle Mg concentration could be detected. Calcium is in adequate supply on both calcareous and acidic soils. The results are compared with European conditions of excessive N supply from anthropogenic N depositions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317862
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of mosses in the phosphorus cycling of an Alaskan black spruce forest (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 74 (1987), S. 310-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Mosses ; Mycorrhizae ; Phosphorus cycling ; Picea mariana
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Mosses account for 75% of the annual phosphorus accumulation in aboveground parts of an Alaskan black spruce forest, although they comprise only 17% of the phosphorus pool in aboveground vegetation. Sphagnum subsecundum and feathermosses (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) have a higher capacity to absorb phosphate than do the fine roots of black spruce (Picea mariana) that are situated beneath the moss layer. In three of the four moss species studied, phosphate absorption capacity increases with increasing age of green tissue and decreases with increasing age of brown tissue. In the two feathermosses, which acquire moisture primarily from the air, and in Sphagnum, phosphate absorption is more rapid in green than in brown tissue. In contrast, the endohydric moss Polytrichum commune, which transports water through stem tissue from soil, absorbs phosphate most rapidly from stems in mineral soil. Two treatments designed to reduce activity of mycorrhizae (cutting of roots extending beneath the moss carpet or application to the moss surface of a fungicide that kills mycorrhizal hyphae) tended to increase phosphate retention by mosses and reduce phosphate transfer out of the experimental plots. This suggests that mycorrhizae are an important avenue of phosphorus movement out of the moss carpet and a means by which the black spruce competes with the overlying mosses for nutrients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379375
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differences in carbon and nutrient fractions among arctic growth forms (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 77 (1988), S. 506-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Carbohydrate ; Growth form ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Tundra
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In a survey of 28 plant species of 6 major growth forms from Alaskan tundra, we found no consistent difference among growth forms in the chemical nature of stored reserves except for lichens and mosses (which stored C primarily as polysaccharides) and shrubs (which tended to store C more as sugars than as polysaccharides). Forbs and graminoids showed particularly great diversity in the chemical nature of stored reserves. In contrast, C, N, and P chemistry of leaves was strikingly similar among all species and growth forms. Concentrations of stored reserves of C, N, and P were highest and showed greatest seasonal fluctuations in forbs and graminoids but were relatively constant in evergreen shrubs. From this information, we draw three general conclusions: (1) the photosynthetic function of leaves strongly constrains leaf chemistry so that similar chemical composition is found in all species and growth forms: (2) the chemical nature of storage reserves is highly variable, both within and among growth forms; (3) the concentration and seasonal pattern of storage reserves are closely linked to growth-form and reflect growth-form differences in woodiness, phenology, and relative dependence upon concurrent uptake vs. storage in support of growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377266
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seasonal control over allocation to reproduction in a tussock-forming and a rhizomatous species of Eriophorum in central Alaska (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 78 (1989), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Eriophorum vaginatum ; E. scheuchzeri ; Growth ; Flowering ; Phenology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The evergreen tussock-forming Eriophorum vaginatum revealed consistently earlier (c. 1 moth) phenology and greater biomass per tiller than the summergreen rhizomatous E. scheuchzeri in all four components measured (vegetative and reproductive shoots and stems) under the same climatic regime in central Alaska over one growing season. Greatest allocation to vegetative shoot growth occurred in mid-summer in both species. The tussock growth form of E. vaginatum raised shoot meristems 25–30 cm above the soil surface, where temperatures were warmer, permitting shoot growth to begin earlier in spring and continue longer in autumn than in E. scheuchzeri. Consequently, E. vaginatum was able to allocate reserves to reproductive tillers primarily in autumn and early spring, times when minimal reserves were required for vegetative growth. By contrast, the rhizomatous E. scheuchzeri had a more constrained growing season, and allocation to reproduction coincided with allocation to vegetative growth. For this reason, reserves were drawn down more fully in mid-summer in E. scheuchzeri than in E. vaginatum. The more conservative use of nutrient stores in E. vaginatum may relate to its great longevity, reduced allocation to reproduction (including low seedling recruitment), and relatively stable habitats. The mid-seasonal pulse of allocation to reproduction in E. scheuchzeri appears viable only in relatively fertile disturbed sites, where the soil nutrient supply is sufficient to support simultaneous allocation to vegetative growth and reproduction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377194
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Environmental and physiological factors governing nutrient resorption efficiency in barley (1992)
    Springer
    Oecologia 90 (1992), S. 120-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen ; Nutrient stress ; Nutrient resorption ; Translocation ; Water stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Barley plants (Hordeum vulgare cv. stepto) were grown in a greenhouse under two nutrient and water levels and four treatments intended to alter sourcesink relationships, in a factorial experiment designed to study factors governing efficiency of nutrient resorption from senescing leaves. Plant growth was enhanced in high-nutrient treatments, leading to higher concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in leaves and ears. Water stress reduced growth, but plants in waterstressed treatments had equal or higher nutrient concentrations than watered plants. Nutrient resorption efficiency was higher at low than at high nutrient availability, and was higher in watered than in water-stressed plants. Treatments in which sink strength was increased had enhanced resorption efficiency, as well as those in which the source activity was reduced. Our data show that the amount of nutrient resorbed and the efficiency of the resorption process depend on plant nutrient and water status, and that the presence of an active sink strongly enhances nutrient resorption.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317817
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