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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunobiology of CR2, the B Lymphocyte Receptor for Epstein-Barr Virus and the C3d Complement Fragment (1988)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 6 (1988), S. 85-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.06.040188.000505
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Clinical use of Colony Stimulating Factors (1991)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 9 (1991), S. 159-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.09.040191.001111
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    James, JuppJanice, Jiggins: Sri Lanka: Third World DemocracyCaste and Family in the Politics of the Sinhalese 1947–1976 : London, Frank Cass, 1978Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979 (1981)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 15 (1981), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X0000682X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed function oxygenases and xenobiotic detoxication/toxication systems in bivalve molluscs (1980)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 33 (1980), S. 278-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Components of a xenobiotic detoxication/toxication system involving mixed function oxygenases are present inMytilus edulis. Our paper critically reviews the recent literature on this topic which reported the apparent absence of such a system in bivalve molluscs and attempts to reconcile this viewpoint with our own findings on NADPH neotetrazolium reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldrin epoxidation and other reports of the presence of mixed function oxygenases. New experimental data are presented which indicate that some elements of the detoxication/toxication system inM. edulis can be induced by aromatic hydrocarbons derived from crude oil. This includes a brief review of the results of long-term experiments in which mussels were exposed to low concentrations of the water accommodated fraction of North Sea crude oil (7.7–68 µg 1−1) in which general stress responses such as reduced physiological scope for growth, cytotoxic damage to lysosomal integrity and cellular damage are considered as characteristics of the general stress syndrome induced by the toxic action of the xenobiotics. In addition, induction in the blood cells of microsomal NADPH neotetrazolium reductase (associated with mixed function oxygenases) and the NADPH generating enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are considered to be specific biological responses to the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons. The consequences of this detoxication/toxication system forMytilus edulis are discussed in terms of the formation of toxic electrophilic intermediate metabolites which are highly reactive and can combine with DNA, RNA and proteins with subsequent damage to these cellular constituents. Implications for neoplasms associated with the blood cells are also discussed. Finally, in view of the increased use of mussel species in pollutant monitoring programmes, the induction phenomenon which is associated with microsomal enzymes in the blood cells is considered as a possible tool for the detection of the biological effects of environmental contamination by low concentrations of certain groups of organic xenobiotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02414753
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A time-dependent, ray-geometrical treatment of the interference fringes within a thermally self-defocused laser beam (1973)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 5 (1973), S. 189-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A time-dependent theoretical treatment of the intensity distribution within a thermally self-defocused laser beam is presented, based on a ray-geometrical approach. Well-modulated interference fringes are predicted extending over most of the beam. This treatment is applicable to beam propagation in media for which the heat transfer by convection can be neglected when compared with that due to conduction. Numerically determined intensity distributions are given and compared with ones obtained experimentally using a laser beam of 488 nm wavelength and an absorbing medium of glycerol doped with iodine. Good agreement is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414738
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoride fibres for optical transmission (1990)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 22 (1990), S. 259-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical fibres made from heavy metal fluorides have been under development for much of the past decade. There have been significant advances in understanding the fundamental characteristics of these materials. Progress towards achieving low optical losses and in optimizing the design of fluoride fibres for use in long transmission systems is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189431
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structures of 5-amino-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide and 5-amino-1-(2-chloroethyl)-4-cyanoimidazole (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1281-1286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: amino-imidazoles ; intramolecular hydrogen bonds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Both 5-amino-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (AHIC) and 5-amino-1-(2-chloroethyl)-4-cyanoimidazole (ACCI) have been synthesized and crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/c, Z = 4, with a = 8.420(2), b = 9.759(2), c = 10.583(2) Å, β = 111.80(2)° for AHIC and a = 6.139(1), b = 8.522(2), c = 15.156(3) Å, β = 96.71(2)° for ACCI. Differences in the molecular geometries of the two compounds are attributed to the differences in the substituents at the 1- and 4-positions of the imidazole ring. The molecular conformation of AHIC is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the 5-amino and the vicinal carboxamide moiety, resulting in an extended planar structural pattern. The presence of the cyano group in the 4-position of ACCI prevents the formation of such an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Both the crystal structures are stabilized by networks of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009561108403
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the lithium and potassium uptake of nickel hydroxide electrodes (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 15 (1985), S. 603-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The extent of lithium and potassium uptake by bothα- andβ-Ni(OH)2 electrodes has been studied by atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy. It was found that lithium ions are preferentially taken up into the bulk of the electrodes. The increase in the end-of-charge potential on constant current charging in lithiated electrolyte compared with pure potassium hydroxide is attributed to the bulk incorporation of lithium into the Ni(OH)2 electrodes. X-ray studies have indicated no change in the phases present in the lithiated electrolytes either in the charged or discharged states. Cyclic voltametric measurements to 100 cycles showed no significant benefit due to lithium ions in terms of charge retention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059302
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of Mytilus edulis on exposure to the water-accommodated fraction of North Sea oil (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 67 (1982), S. 15-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Individuals of Mytilus edulis L., collected from the Erme estuary (S.W. England) in 1978, were exposed to low concentrations (7 to 68 μg l-1) of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of North Sea crude oil. The pattern of accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the body tissues was affected by the presence of algal food cells, the period of exposure, the hydrocarbon concentration in seawater, the type of body tissue and the nature of the hydrocarbon. Many physiological responses (e.g. rates of oxygen consumption, feeding, excretion, and scope for growth), cellular responses (e.g. lysosomal latency and digestive cell size) and biochemical responses (e.g. specific activities of several enzymes) were significantly altered by short-term (4 wk) and/or long-term (5 mo) exposure to WAF. Stress indices such as scope for growth and lysosomal latency were negatively correlated with tissue aromatic hydrocarbons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397090
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallothioneins and lysosomes in metal toxicity and accumulation in marine mussels: the effect of cadmium in the presence and absence of phenanthrene (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 94 (1987), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been confirmed that metallothioneins play an important role in the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in the digestive gland cells of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.). The content of Cd in the tissue of mussels exposed for 9 d to the metal (estimated dosage of 180 μg Cd mussel-1 d-1) was 66.2 ppm. This value is about the same as the metal content found in the digestive gland of Cd-exposed mussels kept in clean water for a recovery period of 28 d. At the end of the recovery period, however, the Cd bound to thionein had increased by approximately 250%. Our data demonstrate that the stability of lysosomes, a biological parameter adopted as a cellular stress index, is extremely low in mussels exposed to Cd for 9 d, but returns to control values in the digestive gland cells of mussels allowed to recover for 28 d in uncontaminated sea water. At this point most of the Cd present in the cytosol is bound to thionein. These data demonstrate the importance of metallothionein induction in the reduction of the cytotoxic effects exerted by high levels of Cd accumulation. The results of tests designed to clarify the reasons for the long biological half-life of Cd demonstrated that, in the digestive gland of mussels, the lysosomes are not able to eliminate Cd either bound to insoluble thionein polymers or to lipid peroxidation products such as lysosomal lipofuscin, both of which are apparently involved in the elimination of copper. The absence of these two mechanisms of metal sequestration and elimination via excretion of residual bodies (tertiary lysosomes) is in agreement with the persistence of cadmium in the digestive gland of mussels. Finally, the results also demonstrate that simultaneous exposure of mussels to Cd and phenanthrene, an established lysosomal membrane destabilizer, did not significantly alter the accumulation of Cd or the kinetics of the metal in mussels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392937
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