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  • International Union of Crystallography  (28)
  • Cambridge University Press  (11)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (9)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 6 (1988), S. 85-113 
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 9 (1991), S. 159-191 
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 940-942 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 10 (1977), S. 422-425 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The average radius of platelet-like defects in crystals may be estimated by the non-destructive technique of X-ray topography of `spike' diffuse reflections, applicable to platelet radii several orders of magnitude smaller than the resolution limit of conventional X-ray topographic techniques. With the most favourable diffraction geometry, the diffuse topograph image may be regarded simply as the convolution of the platelet number density projected along the diffracted beam direction with the Airy diffraction intensity pattern appropriate to the radius of individual platelets. Different integrals of the Airy diffraction intensity profile are involved in photometric traverses of `spike' section topographs and of `spike' projection topographs. The required integrals are evaluated and discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 22 (1989), S. 410-430 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The periodicities, profiles and contrast of stacking-fault fringes observed in high-resolution synchrotron X-ray section topographs have been comprehensively studied with controlled changes of diffraction parameters such as wavelength and polarization mode, which allowed observations under diffraction conditions inaccessible with conventional sources of characteristic radiation. Comparisons with simulated patterns and computed fringe profiles are presented. The fringe patterns were generated by a single intrinsic stacking fault of area 1.3 mm2 contained in a polished parallelepiped specimen of natural diamond unusually free from lattice defects producing long-range strains. The principal X-ray wavelengths employed were 0.08, 0.10, 0.12 and 0.15 nm, providing values of μ0t0 ranging from 0.25 to 1.5 (μ0 = normal photoelectric absorption coefficient, t0 = specimen thickness). Fringe orders up to about 100 were observed at the longer wavelengths. Controlled fractional changes of Pendellösung interference order were obtained by wavelength fine-tuning (Δλ ∼ 10−3 nm). Matching of simulations with the resultant patterns is discussed in detail. Fringe patterns were recorded with pure σ, pure π and mixed polarization modes. Change of polarization mode was employed in order to vary the ratio of anomalous to normal absorption without having to change other diffraction variables. Particular attention was devoted to exploring the range of diffraction conditions under which fault vector sign could be experimentally determined from the sign of `first-fringe' contrast, and to examining how this range can be extended with the aid of comparison with pattern simulations.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 16 (1983), S. 113-125 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Diffraction contrast phenomena on X-ray topographs taken with continuous-spectrum synchrotron radiation have been studied at wavelengths of 0.057, 0.064, 0.071, 0.100, 0.154, 0.206 and 0.250 nm. The specimen was a polished plate of natural diamond with surfaces parallel to (110), ½ mm thick. Using the {\bar 1}11 reflection and a stored electron beam energy of 1.8 GeV all topographs (except that taken with λ = 0.25 nm) were harmonic free. The specimen exhibited mixed-habit growth, containing sectors of normal faceted {111} growth and sectors of non-faceted `cuboid' growth in which growth-surface orientation was variable and only approximately parallel to {100}. Prior to X-ray topography the specimen had received localized damage from implantation with fluorine ions of 17 MeV energy. Features whose variation with wavelength was studied included (1) the relative strengths of integrated reflections from {111} and `cuboid' growth sectors, (2) the intensity of `spike' disorder diffuse reflections relative to sharp Bragg reflections, (3) contrast from inclusions, polishing striae and fracture damage and (4) lattice bending and diffraction contrast at the sites of fluorine ion implantation. Theoretical predictions of the wavelength variation of the intensity of the diffuse reflection images and of contrast due to resolved defects showed good agreement with the observations.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 43 (1987), S. 244-250 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: There are four regular cylindrical solids, comprising the symmetrical intersections of three, four, six and ten cylinders of equal radius; two quasi-regular solids, six and 15; and their duals, seven and 16 cylinders respectively. There are further solids with cubic crystal symmetry formed by the intersection of six, 12 or 24 cylinders with axes along (hkl) directions; as well as combinations of forms. Their volumes are independent of π and are equal to × surface area × radius. Possible applications to the geometry of laser fusion and to crystal dissolution morphology are briefly considered.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 831-840 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Bragg-case synchrotron double-crystal images of stacking faults have been studied in a synthetic diamond. The topographs taken on the tails of the rocking curve showed well pronounced interference fringes arising from the stacking faults: the first such observation in Bragg diffraction geometry. The fringes were strongly dependent upon the angular setting, being invisible at the rocking-curve maximum but gaining in contrast and becoming more closely spaced further from the maximum. These experimental images were compared with predictions of plane-wave dynamical theory and a reasonably good correspondence was obtained when the finite beam divergence was taken into account. It was found that the theoretical fringe sequences depended upon the stacking fault and confirmed that the stacking faults observed were of intrinsic type.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In an earlier study [Smith, Davies, Dodson & Moore (1995). Biochemistry, 34, 415-425] the crystal structure of the d(TGATCA)-nogalamycin complex was determined to 1.8 Å and refined with PROLSQ to R = 19.5% against 4767 reflections with F〉 1σ(F). A low-temperature crystallographic study on this complex has now been performed. Native data collection at liquid-nitrogen temperature (120 K) improved the resolution to 1.4 Å. The structure has now been refined against these new diffraction data in the resolution range 8–1.4 Å using NUCLSQ, PROLSQ, SHELXL93 and X-PLOR, in order to determine to what extent the resulting DNA conformation and associated solvent structure would differ and to examine the suitability of these programs for the refinement of oligonucleotide structures. With the advent of more DNA-protein structure determinations, it is of interest to see how well the protein-refinement packages, PROLSQ and X-PLOR, and the small-molecule program, SHELXL93, are able to accommodate DNA. Comparisons are made between the dictionaries, weights and restraints used and the final models obtained from each program. Although the final R values, using all data in the resolution range 8.0–1.4 Å, from PROLSQ (22.8%), SHELXL93 (R1 =21.7% after isotropic refinement) and X-PLOR (24.4%) are higher than the R value from the NUCLSQ refinement (21.2%), the root-mean-square deviations between the four final models are very small. Using this high-quality 8.0–1.4 Å data set neither the dictionary nor the refinement program leave an imprint on the final fully refined complex. Likewise, the helical parameters and backbone conformation including sugar-puckering modes are not influenced by the refinement procedure used. Although a different number of water molecules is found in each refinement, varying from 62 (X-PLOR) to 86 (NUCLSQ), the first hydration sphere is well conserved in all four models.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 7-17 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structure of the catalytic core of the endoglucanase V (EGV) from Humicola insolens has been determined by the method of multiple isomorphous replacement at 1.5 Å resolution. The final model, refined with X-PLOR and PROLSQ, has a crystallographic R factor of 0.163 (Rfree = 0.240) with deviations from stereochemical target values of 0.012 Å and 0.037° for bonds and angles, respectively. The model was further refined with SHELXL, including anisotropic modelling of the protein-atom temperature factors, to give a final model with an R factor of 0.105 and an Rfree of 0.154. The initial isomorphous replacement electron-density map was poor and uninterpretable but was improved by the use of synchrotron data collected at a wavelength chosen so as to optimize the f′′ contribution of the anomalous scattering from the heavy atoms. The structure of H. insolens EGV consists of a six-stranded β-barrel domain, similar to that found in a family of plant defence proteins, linked by a number of disulfide-bonded loop regions. A long open groove runs across the surface of the enzyme either side of which lie the catalytic aspartate residues. The 9 Å separation of the catalytic carboxylate groups is consistent with the observation that EGV catalyzes the hydrolysis of the cellulose, β(1→4) links with inversion of configuration at the anomeric C1 atom. This structure is the first representative from the glycosyl hydrolase family 45.
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