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  • 1
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    In-depth analysis of the membrane and cytosolic proteome of red blood cells (2006)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-01
    Description: In addition to transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues, a range of other functions are attributed to red blood cells (RBCs) of vertebrates. Diseases compromising RBC performance in any of these functions warrant in-depth study. Furthermore, the human RBC is a vital host cell for the malaria parasite. Much has been learned from classical biochemical approaches about RBC composition and membrane organization. Here, we use mass spectrometry (MS)–based proteomics to characterize the normal RBC protein profile. The aim of this study was to obtain the most complete and informative human RBC proteome possible by combining high-accuracy, high-sensitivity protein identification technology (quadrupole time of flight and Fourier transform MS) with selected biochemical procedures for sample preparation. A total of 340 membrane proteins and 252 soluble proteins were identified, validated, and categorized in terms of subcellular localization, protein family, and function. Splice isoforms of proteins were identified, and polypeptides that migrated with anomalously high or low apparent molecular weights could be grouped into either ubiquitinylated, partially degraded, or ester-linked complexes. Our data reveal unexpected complexity of the RBC proteome, provide a wealth of data on its composition, shed light on several open issues in RBC biology, and form a departure point for comprehensive understanding of RBC functions.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 2
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    Splenectomy prolongs in vivo survival of erythrocytes differently in spectrin/ankyrin- and band 3–deficient hereditary spherocytosis (2002)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-15
    Description: Red cell (RBC) deformability and membrane-bound immunoglobulin G (IgG) were studied to better understand premature clearance of erythrocytes in hereditary spherocytosis. Averaged deformability profiles from cells having comparable cell age revealed that splenectomy was more beneficial for spectrin/ankyrin-deficient than for band 3–deficient RBCs. Splenectomy prevented an early loss of young cells in both types of deficiencies. It had an additional beneficial effect on spectrin/ankyrin-deficient but not band 3–deficient RBCs. It prolonged the survival of mature spectrin/ankyrin-deficient RBCs such that they lost their deformability more slowly than RBCs from patients who had not undergone splenectomy. Band 3–deficient RBCs lost their deformability at the same rate before and after splenectomy. In HS patients with band 3 deficiency who underwent splenectomy, RBC deformability inversely correlated with the number of RBC-bound IgG (up to 140 molecules per cell). In spectrin/ankyrin deficiency, RBC-bound IgG remained at control levels (60 IgG or less per cell). It appears that spectrin/ankyrin-deficient RBCs escaped opsonization by releasing band 3–containing vesicles because their band 3 content and deformability dropped in parallel with increasing cell age. Band 3–deficient RBCs did not lose band 3 with increasing cell age. Hence, it is possible that band 3 clusters required for bivalent binding of low-affinity–IgG, naturally occurring antibodies were retained in band 3–deficient RBCs with a relative excess of skeletal proteins but were released from spectrin/ankyrin-deficient RBCs, in which vesicle budding was facilitated by an impaired skeleton.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 3
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    Splenectomy prolongs in vivo survival of erythrocytes differently in spectrin/ankyrin- and band 3–deficient hereditary spherocytosis (2002)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-15
    Description: Red cell (RBC) deformability and membrane-bound immunoglobulin G (IgG) were studied to better understand premature clearance of erythrocytes in hereditary spherocytosis. Averaged deformability profiles from cells having comparable cell age revealed that splenectomy was more beneficial for spectrin/ankyrin-deficient than for band 3–deficient RBCs. Splenectomy prevented an early loss of young cells in both types of deficiencies. It had an additional beneficial effect on spectrin/ankyrin-deficient but not band 3–deficient RBCs. It prolonged the survival of mature spectrin/ankyrin-deficient RBCs such that they lost their deformability more slowly than RBCs from patients who had not undergone splenectomy. Band 3–deficient RBCs lost their deformability at the same rate before and after splenectomy. In HS patients with band 3 deficiency who underwent splenectomy, RBC deformability inversely correlated with the number of RBC-bound IgG (up to 140 molecules per cell). In spectrin/ankyrin deficiency, RBC-bound IgG remained at control levels (60 IgG or less per cell). It appears that spectrin/ankyrin-deficient RBCs escaped opsonization by releasing band 3–containing vesicles because their band 3 content and deformability dropped in parallel with increasing cell age. Band 3–deficient RBCs did not lose band 3 with increasing cell age. Hence, it is possible that band 3 clusters required for bivalent binding of low-affinity–IgG, naturally occurring antibodies were retained in band 3–deficient RBCs with a relative excess of skeletal proteins but were released from spectrin/ankyrin-deficient RBCs, in which vesicle budding was facilitated by an impaired skeleton.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 4
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    Intravenously applied IgG stimulates complement attenuation in a complement-dependent autoimmune disease at the amplifying C3 convertase level (2004)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-15
    Description: Intravenously applied normal human immunoglobulin G (IgG) has anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Systemic inflammation can originate from an overreacting amplification loop of the complement system. In blood, C3b2-containing complexes maintain complement amplification much better than the extremely short-lived C3b. Therefore, in patients with the complement-dependent autoimmune disease, dermatomyositis, we studied whether intravenously applied normal human IgG (IVIG) stimulated in vivo inactivation of these complexes. In the course of IVIG treatment, clinically effective in 6 of 8 patients, the concentration of C3b2-containing complexes dropped to 37% ± 14% (n = 6) of the pretreatment level when having infused 0.5 g IgG/kg body weight, increased marginally and in parallel to factor Bb thereafter until full-dose IgG was infused. By day 14 following infusion of 2 g IgG/kg body weight the concentration of C3b2-containing complexes was 66% ± 19%. The plasma concentration of C3 remained constant in myopathic or increased by 15% to 20% in amyopathic patients. In contrast to this, IVIG infusion was associated with consumption of up to 40% of plasma C4 at day 1 to 2 after completion of IVIG infusion. Thus, IVIG had an immediate and long-lasting attenuating effect on complement amplification in vivo, despite the fact that it induced classical complement pathway activation.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 5
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    Enhanced erythro-phagocytosis in polycythemic mice overexpressing erythropoietin (2007)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-15
    Description: Adaptive mechanisms to hematocrit levels of 0.9 in our erythropoietin-overexpressing mice (tg6) include increased plasma nitric oxide levels and erythrocyte flexibility. Doubled reticulocyte counts in tg6 suggest an increased erythrocyte turnover. Here we show that compared with wild-type (wt) animals, erythrocyte lifespan in tg6 is 70% lower in tg6 mice. Transgenic mice have a younger erythrocyte population as indicated by higher intercellular water and potassium content, higher flexibility, decreased density, increased surface to volume ratio, and decreased osmotic fragility. Interestingly, despite being younger, the tg6 erythrocyte population also harbors characteristics of accelerated aging such as an increased band 4.1a to 4.1b ratio, signs of oxidative stress, or decreased surface CD47 and sialic acids. In tg6, in vivo tracking of PKH26-labeled erythrocytes revealed dramatically increased erythrocyte incorporation by their liver macrophages. In vitro experiments showed that tg6 macrophages are more active than wt macrophages and that tg6 erythrocytes are more attractive for macrophages than wt ones. In conclusion, in tg6 mice erythrocyte aging is accelerated, which results, together with an increased number and activity of their macrophages, in enhanced erythrocyte clearance. Our data points toward a new mechanism down-regulating red cell mass in excessive erythrocytosis in mice.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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