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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 2′-Deoxy-2′-(3-methoxybenzamido)adenosine, a rational-designed inhibitor of trypanosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 77 (1994), S. 631-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of 2′-benzamido-2′-deoxyadenosine analogues were synthesized in an effort to find new lead structures for the treatment of sleeping sickness. The 2′-deoxy-2′-(3-methoxybenzamido)adenosine (1h) was proved to be a selective inhibitor of the parasite glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase which confirms the modeling studies. The solution-state conformation of 2′-(thiophene-2-carboxamido) analogue 1d demonstrates a 2′-endo conformation, an orientation of the thiophene ring under the ribose moiety, and the base part occupying a ‘syn’/‘anti’ equilibrium.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19940770306
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic Cleavage of N-Phenylacetyl-Protected Ethanolamine Phosphates (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 1215-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: L-glycero-α-D-manno-Heptopyranosides ; Ethanolamine phosphates ; Phenylacetyl, enzymatic cleavage of ; Carbohydrates ; Glucosylations ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Immobilized penicillin-G acylase mediated removal of the N-phenylacetyl protective group in ethanolamine phosphates 7 and 9 furnished compounds 8 and 10, respectively. Deblocking of N-phenylacetyl-protected ethanolamine phosphate heptosyl disaccharide 22, a protected spacer-containing fragment of the inner-core lipopolysaccharide region of Neisseria meningitidis, immunotype L3 was readily accomplished with penicillin-G acylase, yielding target dimer 2. Disaccharide 22 was accessible by elongation of ethyl 1-thio-L-glycero-α-D-manno-heptopyranosyl donor 13 with acceptor 14 under the influence of N-iodosuccinimide/triflic acid. Protective group manipulations, phosphorylation with the reagent 2-cyanoethyl 2-(phenylacetylamino)ethyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (5) and deprotection furnished LD-Hepp dimer 22.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719970625
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of phosphoglycerate kinase overproduction in Saccheromyces cerevisiae on the physiology and plasmid stability (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast ; plasmid stability ; phosphoglycerate kinase ; carbon flux ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this report the effects of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) overproduction on the physiology and plasmid stability in baker's yeast Saccharomyciae cerevisiae containing the PGK1 gene on an episomal plasmid are described. This examination reveals that there is a preferred intracellular level for this enzyme, amounting to 10-15% of the total soluble protein. Strains containing the plasmid and the host strain were grown in non-selective batch cultures and continuous culture, under different growth conditons. Plasmid-containing yeast strains stabilize the copy number of the episomal plasmid at a level at which the PGK concentration is about 12%. This stabilization is due to an equilibrium between normal plasmid loss and selective pressure because of advantages resulting from the increased amount of PGK under glucose-limited conditions. During respiro-fermentative growth, PGK-overproducing cells showed an increased respiration rate and decreased fermentative activity, compared to the host strain.The PGK1 gene can be applied as a direct positive selection marker to obtain a high episomal plasmid stability during growth on glucose. The results are consistent with previously reported data on the physiology and gene stability of PGK-overproducing yeast cells that contain multiple copies of the PGK1 gene integrated into the genome.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nucleotide sequence of a 2·1 kb fragment from chromosome VI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae identifies a tRNAGly gene, part of a delta element and a palindromic sequence (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1107-1110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VI ; tRNAGly ; delta element ; diacylglycerol kinase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence was determined of a 2·1 kb DNA fragment located at approximately 35 kb to the right of the centromere of chromosome VI from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis revealed the presence of a tRNAGLy gene, part of a delta element and a remarkable palindromic sequence. The longest open reading frame found encodes a putative protein of 195 amino acids. Although the fragment was isolated by hybridization to a human diacylglycerol kinase cDNA, no evidence was obtained for the presence of a gene encoding diacylglycerol kinase.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320091011
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transforming growth factor-β in the early mouse embryo: Implications for the regulation of muscle formation and implantation (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 14 (1993), S. 212-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Embryonic stem cells ; differentiation ; organogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In a search for functions of transforming growth factor-β during early embryonic development we used two different experimental approaches. In the first we made use of embryonic stem (ES) cells. ES cells in culture differentiate to derivatives of all three germ layers and mimic some aspects of organogenesis when grown as aggregates in suspension to form embryoid bodies. Differentiation procedes further when the embryold bodies attach to suitable substrates. Muscle and neuronal cells are among the most readily identified cell types then formed. We examined the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and members of the transforming growth factor-β family(TGF-βl, TGF-β2) under these conditions in an assay where single aggregates formed in hanging microdrops in medium supplemented with serum depleted of lipophilic substances which would include retinoids. Endoderm-like cells formed under all conditions tested. RA at concentrations of 108 M and 107 M induced the formation of neurons but in the absence of RA or at concentrations up to 10-9 M, neurons were not observed. Instead, beating muscle formed in about one-third of the plated aggregates; this was greatly reduced when RA concentrations increased above 10-9 M. Immunofluorescent staining for muscle specific myosin showed that two muscle cell types could be distinguished: elongated, non-contractile myoblasts and mononucleate flat cells. The mononucleate flat cells appeared to correspond with rhythmically contracting muscle. The number of non-contractile myoblasts increased 3-fold over controls in the presence of 10-9 M RA. TGF-βs increased the number of contractile and non-contractile muscle cells by a factor 3 to 7 over controls, depending on the TGF-β isoform added and the muscle cell type formed. TGF-β2 also invariably increased the rate at which contracting muscle cells were first observed in replated aggregates. The stimulatory effect of TGF-βs on the formation of mononucleate flat cells was completely abrogated by RA at 10-9 M while the number of myoblasts under similar conditions was unchanged. These data suggest that a complex interplay between retinoids and TGF-β isoforms may be involved in regulation of differentiation in early myogenesis.In the second approach, neutralizing polyclonal rabbit antibodies specific for TGF-β2 were injected into the cavity of mouse blastocysts 3.5 days post coitum (pc). After 1 day in culture, embryos were transferred to pseudopregnant females. The number of decidua, embryos and resorptions were counted at day 8.5-9.5 pc. Control antibody injected embryos implanted with high efficiency (87%) compared with anti-TGF-β2 injected embryos which implanted with an efficiency of only 43%. If empty decidua (resorptions) were included, the overall recovery was 71% and 32% for control and experimental embryos, respectively. Embryos that were recovered showed no overt macroscopic abnormalities. These results together impiy functions for TGF-βs in implantation as well as in later development of the embryo. © 1993Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020140308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-NMR. Study on Isoalloxazine and Alloxazine Derivatives (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 367-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of isoalloxazine and alloxazine derivatives have been investigated by 13C-NMR. The synthesis of selectively 13C-enriched derivatives made it possible to assign unambiguously the signals due to the quaternary carbon atoms at position 4, 4a and 10a of the isoalloxazine ring system. The assignment of the other resonances was ensured by the use of selectively deuteriated and chemically modified compounds as well as by decoupling techniques. The assignments differ in part from those published by Breitmaier & Voelter [2] on FMN and FAD. The solvent dependence of the resonances has been studied in dioxan/water mixtures. The experimental data are compared with published MO calculations and discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19770600208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Comparative Study of Platinum Di (t-butyl) (15N2)diiminet-Bu-15N=CH—CH=15N-t-Bu (3, 6-15N2)-2, 2, 7, 7-tetramethyl-3, 6-diaza-3, 5-octadiene (95% 15N-enriched). and trans-[(PtCl2(N-ligand)PBu3)] complexes by 195Pt-, 31P- and 15N-NMR (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 64 (1981), S. 1174-1182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 195Pt-, 31P- and 15N-NMR. data are presented for [PtCl2 (t-Bu 15N=CH—CH=15N (t-Bu)) (η2-styrene)] (1), trans-[{PtCl2 (PBu3)}2 (t-Bu 15N=CH—CH=15N (t-Bu))] (2), trans-[PtCl2 (t-Bu 15N=CH—CH=15N (t-Bu)) (PBu3)] (3) and various complexes of the type trans-[PtCl2 (N-ligand) (PBu3)]. In solution the gross structural features of 1 and 2 are shown to be in agreement with those found in the solid state; namely, 1 contains five-coordinate Pt and 2 is dinuclear. In 3 Pt is four-coordinate with only one N-atom of the diimine ligand being coordinated at -50° in CD2Cl2. The NMR. data for 2 and 3 are compared with those of trans-[PtCl2 (N-ligand) (PBu3)] (N-ligand = pyridine, 2, 6-dimethylpyridine, (15N)-hexylamine, (15N)-t-butylamine and (15N)-aniline) and are discussed in terms of the donor and acceptor properties of the N-ligands.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19810640423
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biscalix[4]arene Ligands for Dinuclear Lanthanide Ion Complexation (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 2587-2600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Biscalix[4]arene ; Lanthanide ions ; Energy transfer ; Luminescence ; Dinuclear complexes ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three types of lower-lower rim linked biscalix[4]arenes that contain carboxylic ester (1) and/or amide functions (2 and 3) at their remaining phenolic oxygen atoms were synthesized. The homo- and heterodinuclear lanthanide ion complexes based on these ligands were used to study the energy transfer between different lanthanide ions. Photophysical studies comparing the luminescence properties of the homodinuclear Eu3+ complex and the heterodinuclear Eu3+-Nd3+ complex of 2 indicated that energy transfer is likely to occur from Eu3+ to Nd3+ with an efficiency of 〉 50%. The luminescence properties turned out to be strongly solvent dependent, which is attributed to structural changes leading to different positions of the lanthanide ions in the cavities provided by the biscalix[4]arene.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719971226
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesen von Cholinphosphatiden, VI1) 3-Palmitoyl-glycerin-1-phosphorylcholin (D-α-Lysolecithin) und dessen Unwirksamkeit als Substrat für Acyltransferasen (Lecithin-Synthese) (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 738 (1970), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Choline Phosphatides, VI1).3-Palmitoyl-glycerol-I-phosphorylcholine (D-α-LySO-lecithin) and its Inactivity as Substrate for AcyltransferasesEnzyme reactions controlling the content of the strong lytic agent lysolecithin (monoacylglycerol-3-phosphorylcholine) in cell membranes, i. e. by degradation or by reacylation, are of great importance for the living cell. Lysolecithins, well defined with respect to configuration and structure, can be used as substrates for studying the metabolic fate of these compounds in membranes. Five of the six theoretically possible isomers of lysolecithin have been prepared by De Haas and Van Deenen (1965). - In this paper the synthesis of the hitherto unknown 3-acyl-glycerol-I-phosphorylcholine (B) is described. 3,4-lsopropylidene-D-mannitol (1) has been benzylated to give 1,2,5,6-tetrabenzyl-3,4-isopropylidene-D-mannitol (2). Acid hydrolysis
    Notes: Als Modellsubstanzen für biologische Untersuchungen sind einheitliche, konfigurativ eindeutige Lysolecithine von allgemeinem Interesse. Wir beschreiben erstmals die Synthese eines 3-Acyl-glycerin-1-phosphorsäurecholinesters (B) 3.4-Isopropyliden-D-mannit (1) wird zur Tetrabenzyl-Verbindung 2 benzyliert. Saure Hydrolyse von 2 ergibt 1.2.5.6-Tetrabenzy-D-mannit (3), der mittels Bleitetraacetat zu 1.2-Dibenzyl-glycerinaldehyd (4) Gespalten wird. Reduktion von 4 mit Lithiumalant führt zum 1.2-Dibenzyl-glycerin(5), das durch Veresterung mit Palmitinsäurechlorid das 3-Palmitoryl-Dibenzyl 6 liefert. Aus 6 erhält man bei der katalytischen Hydrogenolyse 2-Benzyl-und 1-Benzyl-3-palmitoyl-glycerin (7bzw. ),die chromatographisch getrennt werden . die Phosphorylierung von 7 mittels ß-Brom-äthyl-dichlorphosphat und die nachfolgende Behandlung mit Trimethylamin ergeben 3-Palmitoyl 2-benzyl-glycerin-1-phosphorylcholin (9), das durch katalytische Hydrogenolyse in 3-Palmitoyl-glycerin-1-phosphorylcholin (10) umgewandelt wird. - Das so dargestellte D-αLysolecithin erweist sich im Gegensatz zu 1 -Palmitoyl-glycerin-3-phosphorylcholin (L-α-Lyso-lecithin) nicht als Substrat für Acyl-CoA : Acylglycerinphosphorylcholin-Acyltransferasen,
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19707380118
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor for mitochondrial respiration in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cytochrome c peroxidase ; hydrogen peroxide ; energetics ; yeast ; anaerobic respiration ; chemostat ; mitochondria ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chemostat cultures of a catalase-negative mutant of Hansenula polymorpha CBS 4732 were able to decompose hydrogen peroxide at a high rate. This was apparent from experiments in which yeast was grown under carbon limitation in chemostat culture on mixtures of glucose and H2O2. The enzyme responsible for H2O2 degradation is probably the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP), which was present at very high activities. This enzyme was partially purified and shown to be specific for reduced cytochrome c as an electron donor; no reaction was observed with NAD(P)H. Thus, reducing equivalents for H2O2 degradation by CCP must be provided by the respiratory chain.That H2O2 can act as an electron acceptor for reducing equivalents could be confirmed with experiments in which cells were incubated with ethanol and H2O2 in the absence of oxygen. This resulted in oxidation of ethanol to equimolar amounts of acetate.Energetic aspects of mitochondrial H2O2 decomposition via CCP and the physiological function of CCP in yeasts are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070207
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