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  • low temperature  (6)
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Society of Hematology
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  • Springer  (6)
  • American Society of Hematology
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; cold ; cDNA ; EF-1α ; elongation factor 1α ; low temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone (pBLT63) encoding a protein synthesis elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) was isolated from a low-temperature winter barley shoot meristem library by differential screening. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the low-temperature-induced barley gene shows very high homology with two EF-1α plant genes from tomato and Arabidopsis. The barley genome contains an EF-1α gene family situated on the short arm of chromosome 2 and the long arm of chromosome 5. The nucleotide sequence data reported will appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession number Z23130.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cold ; low temperature ; barley ; gene expression ; cDNA ; shoot meristem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone of the previously unreported low-temperature-induced gene blt101 was isolated after a differential screen of a cDNA library prepared from low-temperature (6 °C day/2 °C night) grown barley shoot meristems. Southern blot analysis of barley ditelosomic addition lines was used to assign this single-copy gene to the long arm of chromosome 4. Analysis of steady-state levels of blt101 mRNA showed the induction of this transcript in shoot meristems upon transfer of barley (cv. Igri) plants from control (20 °C/15 °C) to low (6 °C/2 °C) temperature treatment. Further, the high level of this transcript is maintained at low temperatures but is reduced on transfer from low to control temperatures. The gene is not induced by drought or by foliar application of ABA. Analysis of segregating doubled haploid lines shows that there is no specific association of this gene with either spring/winter growth habit or frost hardiness. Examination of the spatial expression pattern revealed ubiquitous expression of blt101 in low-temperature (6 °C/2 °C) grown barley shoot meristems, mature leaves and roots.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: butterfly ; flight ; low temperature ; Pgi locus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Differences in genetic structure of samples of monarch butterflies caught at different times of day have been reported previously. This paper compares differences in allele and heterozygote frequencies at thePgi locus between animals flying early and those flying late in outdoor flight cages and between animals able and animals unable to fly at a constant low temperature. There were consistent effects across a number of tests and in comparisons with field data, especially in males. Animals with the Mallele were more likely to be able to fly at low temperatures, to become active early in outdoor flight cages, and to be caught early in the field. Also, differences were observed between males and females in the effect of allele on flight activity.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; low temperature ; frost acclimation ; glycine-rich ; RNA-binding protein ; abscisic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A low-temperature-responsive gene, blt 801, isolated from a winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cDNA library prepared from leaf meristematic tissue, was sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein (GR-RNP) which was homology to stress-responsive GR-RNPs from several other plant species. BLT 801 is a two-domain protein, the amino-terminal domain comprises a consensus RNA-binding domain similar to that found in many eukaryotic genes and the carboxy-terminal domain is extremely glycine-rich (68.5% glycine). Blt 801 mRNA also accumulates in response to the phytohormone abscisic acid. The protein encoded by blt 801 has been produced as a recombinant fusion protein using a bacterial expression vector. The fusion protein, a chimaera of glutathione S-transferase and BLT 801, has been used in studies to determine nucleic acid binding and other characteristics. Binding studies with single-stranded nucleic acids show that BLT 801 has affinity for homoribopolymers G, A and U but not C, it also binds to single-stranded DNA and selects RNA molecules containing open loop structures enriched in adenine but low in cytosine. BLT 801 has a consensus motif for phosphorylation by cAMP protein kinase (PKA) at the junction between the two domains which can be phosphorylated by PKA in vitro and which, by analogy to animal studies, may have significance for controlling enzyme function.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: butterfly ; flight ; low temperature ; Pgi locus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Differences in genetic structure of samples of monarch butterflies caught at different times of day have been reported previously. This paper compares differences in allele and heterozygote frequencies at thePgi locus between animals flying early and those flying late in outdoor flight cages and between animals able and animals unable to fly at a constant low temperature. There were consistent effects across a number of tests and in comparisons with field data, especially in males. Animals with the Mallele were more likely to be able to fly at low temperatures, to become active early in outdoor flight cages, and to be caught early in the field. Also, differences were observed between males and females in the effect of allele on flight activity.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; cold ; electrophoretic mobility shift assay ; lipid transfer protein ; low temperature ; promoter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The blt4 barley gene family encodes non-specific lipid transfer proteins and has been shown, by in situ localisation, to be expressed in the epidermal cells of leaves. The transcriptionally controlled, low-temperature-responsive member of this gene family, blt4.9, is predominantly expressed in shoot meristems. The promoter region (1938 bp) of blt4.9 contains sequence motifs which have been implicated in responses to low temperature, abscisic acid and other environmental factors. Deletion analysis showed that a 42 bp sequence proximal to, but not including, the CAAT and TATA boxes, confers enhanced low-temperature response to a reporter gene in a barley shoot explant transient expression system. Other promoter regions were shown to contain negative and positive regulatory regions. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) was used with nuclear proteins from either low-temperature- or control-temperature-treated plants to further investigate the blt4.9 promoter. Synthetic oligonucleotides were used to identify a hexanucleotide, CCGAAA, within the 42 bp, low-temperature-responsive promoter region, as the binding site of a low-mobility nuclear protein complex. This complex was present in nuclear extracts from both low-temperature-treated and control plants and was the only complex formed within this region. Mutation of the CCGAAA motif within the low-temperature-responsive 42 bp promoter sequence reduced low-temperature responsiveness to basal levels. A related upstream element, CCGAC, known to be a low-temperature-responsive element in other plants, did not bind to nuclear proteins in this study. It is proposed that the hexanucleotide CCGAAA, at -195 from the first ATG, is involved in the low-temperature response of blt4.9 in barley.
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