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Seismogeodesy Using GPS and Low-Cost MEMS Accelerometers: Perspectives for Earthquake Early Warning and Rapid Response (2016)

Saunders, J. K., Goldberg, D. E., Haase, J. S., Bock, Y., Offield, D. G., Melgar, D., Restrepo, J., Fleischman, R. B., Nema, A., Geng, J., Walls, C., Mann, D., Mattioli, G. S.

Seismological Society of America (SSA)

In: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (BSSA)

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Publication Date: 2016-12-02

Description: The seismogeodetic method computes accurate displacement and velocity waveforms by optimally extracting high-frequency information from strong-motion accelerometers and low-frequency information from collocated Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments. These broadband observations retain the permanent (static) displacement, are immune to clipping and magnitude saturation for large earthquakes, and are sensitive enough to record P -wave arrivals. These characteristics make seismogeodesy suitable for real-time applications such as earthquake early warning. The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) has developed an inexpensive microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer package to upgrade established GPS stations. We compare the performance of our MEMS accelerometer with an observatory-grade accelerometer using an experiment at the University of California San Diego Large High-Performance Outdoor Shake Table. We show that the two types of accelerometers agree in frequency ranges of seismological and engineering interest and produce equivalent seismogeodetic estimates of displacement and velocity. To date, 27 SIO MEMS packages have been installed at GPS monitoring stations in southern California and the San Francisco Bay area and have recorded four earthquakes ( M 4.2, M 4.1, and two of M 4.0). The P -wave arrivals are distinguishable in the seismogeodetic observations at distances of up to ~25 km away but not in the GPS-only displacements. There is no significant permanent deformation for these small events. This study demonstrates the lower limit of detectability and that seismogeodetic waveforms can also be a reliable early confirmation that an event is not large or hazardous. It also raises the possibility of rapid magnitude estimation through scaling relationships.

Print ISSN: 0037-1106

Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)

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Isotypic discordance of paraproteins and lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins in myeloma (1981)

Nicholls, M ; Vincent, PC ; Repka, E ; [et al.]

American Society of Hematology

In: Blood. 1981; 57(1): 192-195. Published 1981 Jan 01. doi: 10.1182/blood.v57.1.192.bloodjournal571192.

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Publication Date: 1981-01-01

Description: B lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins (Smlg) were studied in 24 patients with multiple myeloma by means of anti-isotypic antisera, and their heavy and light chain isotypes were compared in each patient with those of the paraprotein. In 21 patients, lymphocyte Smlg consisted of only one light chain type, and in 16 of only 1 heavy chain type. However, the Smlg and paraprotein heavy and light chain types were identical in only 5 patients while in 6 they differed in heavy and light chain types, in 7 in light chain type, and in 4 in heavy chain type. In 2 patients with light chain myeloma, Smlg light chains were isotypically the same as the paraprotein. Isotypic discordance between paraprotein and Smlg may signify the proliferation of a second malignant clone with failure to differentiate into secreting plasma cells. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the lymphocyte Smlg could have the same idiotypic specificity as the paraprotein despite the isotypic differences, but this will require further studies using anti-idiotypic antisera.

Print ISSN: 0006-4971

Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020

Topics: Biology , Medicine