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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In our experiments, aluminium projectiles weighing l g were accelerated to velocities of 10 km s-1 by means of a modified shaped charge technique, described in detail elsewhere5,6. The velocity was measured to within 2% in each test by measuring successive positions of the projectile before impact ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Observations were made during a series of experiments devoted primarily to the study of mechanical and magnetic effects associated with hypervelocity cratering10. The apparatus used in our tests is described elsewhere 10, and illustrated schematically in Fig. 1. Modified explosive shaped charges11 ...
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] On the basis of previous ground-based and fly-by information, we knew that Titan's atmosphere was mainly nitrogen, with some methane, but its temperature and pressure profiles were poorly constrained because of uncertainties in the detailed composition. The extent of atmospheric electricity ...
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cassini's Titan Radar Mapper imaged the surface of Saturn's moon Titan on its February 2005 fly-by (denoted T3), collecting high-resolution synthetic-aperture radar and larger-scale radiometry and scatterometry data. These data provide the first definitive identification of ...
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The surface of Saturn’s haze-shrouded moon Titan has long been proposed to have oceans or lakes, on the basis of the stability of liquid methane at the surface. Initial visible and radar imaging failed to find any evidence of an ocean, although abundant evidence was found that flowing ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1497-1508 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: General properties of superconductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo lavoro si studia, con una tecnica differenziale a microonde, la transizione superconduttiva di film di stagno in campo magnetico perpendicolare. Le misure sono state effettuate in funzione dello spessore (65 nm÷200 μm) e della temperatura (1.5 K÷T c). È stato osservato il passaggio fra lo stato intermedio e lo stato misto e sono stati determinati i valori dello spessore critico,d ⊥, a cui avviene tale passaggio; i valori ottenuti sono in accordo con le previsioni teoriche. Inoltre l'andamento del campo magnetico critico perpendicolare,H ⊥, in funzione dello spessore è in buon accordo con le previsioni teoriche perd〈d ⊥ e nel limited≪d ⊥.
    Abstract: Резюме С помощью измерений микроволнового поглощения исследуются переходы, связанные с перпендикулярным магнитным полем, для пленок чистого олова, как функция толщины образцов (65 нм÷200 мкм) и температуры (1.5 K÷T c). Наблядается переход от промежуточного к смешанному состоянию. Значения, полученные для критической толщиныd ⊥, при которой имеет место переход от поведения типа I к поведению типа II, согласуется с теоретическими предсказаниями. Критические значения перпендикулярного магнитного поляH ⊥ также согласуются с теоретическими предсказаниями дляd〈d ⊥ и в пределеd≫d ⊥.
    Notes: Summary Perpendicular magnetic-field transitions of pure Sn films, assessed by microwave absorption measurement as a function of specimen thickness (65 nm÷200 μm) and temperature (1.5 K÷T c), are presented. The passage from intermediate- to mixed-state behaviour was observed. The values obtained for the critical thicknessd ⊥ at which the passage from type-I to type-II behaviour occurs agree with theoretical predictions. Critical perpendicular magnetic-field values,H ⊥, also agree well with theoretical predictions ford〈d ⊥ and in the limitd≫d ⊥.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 20 (1994), S. 143-149 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Pyrrolizinido complexes ; dyes ; sensors ; organic solvents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bis(β-diimino-tetracyano-pyrrolizinido)-Cu(II) complex (CuL2) has been incorporated in polystyrene (0.28% w/w), by evaporating tetrahydrofuran solutions either at room temperature (a) or at 100°C (b). From IR and UV-vis measurements and optical microscopy on the resulting films (a orb, thickness 50 μm) it is concluded that CuL2 is present as a concentrated (C≈10−1 M) THF solution ina and as small solid particles (diameter 〈1 μm) inb. The difference in colour of the films (dark bluea, light blueb), due to the different physical state of CuL2 in the matrix, is expected, and has been preliminarily shown using similar films based on NiL2, to be useful for sensing organic vapours in the atmosphere.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 33 (1999), S. 377-390 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: sensors ; thin-films ; pyrrolizinato-complexes ; tetracyanoethylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bis(1,2,6,7-tetracyano-3,5-dihydro-3,5-diiminopyrrolizinido)nickel(II ) complex (NiL2, L = C11H2N7-) has been incorporated as dispersed monomer in polyvinylbutyral (PVB) at a fairly high concentration (0.021 M). NiL2/PVB spin coated thin films (thickness, ∼ 2 μm) on glass and silicon and evaporated free standing thicker films (thickness, ∼ 50 μm) have been studied by means of absorption or reflectivity visible as well as infrared spectroscopy. The light-blue NiL2/PVB film fades slightly on heating (for 7 min at 90 °C) and remains as such after cooling to room temperature. The optical spectrum of the thermally activated NiL2/PVB system, in contact with organic solvent vapors at room temperature, changes with time evolving towards the initial spectrum before the thermal treatment. The system is therefore amenable for sensing organic solvents in air. Several ordinary solvents have been tested. After 12 min exposure to air saturated with vapor a steady-state absorbance signal at the most sensitive wavelength (661 nm) is reached for any tested solvent. The system is most sensitive to alcohols. Response cycles are reported for methanol as solvent.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Tetracyanoethylene ; pyrrolizinato complexes ; optical sensors ; polyvinylformal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The metal(II) coordinating anion 2-(5-amino-3,4-dicyano-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)-1,1,2-tricyanoethanide (C11N7H 2 − , L′, λmax = 570 nm) has been incorporated by impregnation as the sodium salt in a membrane (0.1 mm thick) of crosslinked polyvinylformal (PVF) at a concentration 1.5 × 10−3 M. The L′-doped PVF membrane, soaked in a concentrated aqueous solution of Cu2+ (0.1 M), changes colour from violet to blue on formation of the corresponding pure bis-pyrrolizinato complex CuL2 (λmax = 660 nm). The CuL2-doped PVF membrane reacts in the gas phase on exposure to species (X) that are copper-coordinating ligands stronger than L, generating the reverse colour change to violet. The remarkable stability towards water of CuL2/PVF is a promising indication for prospective use of ML2 complexes, incorporated in polymeric membranes, for the detection of (X) species in the atmosphere even in the presence of moisture, or directly in aqueous solutions.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Circadian rhythms ; Locomotor activity ; Seasonality ; Lizards
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The daily pattern of locomotor activity of the ruin lizard Podarcis sicula in its natural environment changes from unimodal in spring (with only one activity peak per day) to bimodal in summer (with two well-separated activity peaks per day) and it becomes unimodal again in autumn. In order to establish whether such seasonal changes in pattern might be at least in part controlled by endogenous temporal programs, lizards were collected at different times of the year and immediately after capture their locomotor behavior was tested in the laboratory under constant temperature (29°C) and in darkness. For some individuals tested in the laboratory the locomotor pattern previously expressed in the field was known. Seasonal differences in pattern have been unequivocally found to have an endogenous component, as most lizards in constant conditions retained the locomotor pattern shown in the field during the same season. Besides, in the bimodal lizards the freerunning period of locomotor rhythms (τ) was significantly shorter and circadian activity time (a) longer than in the unimodal ones. Altogether the data are compatible with the idea that both the interdependent changes of τ and a and the changes in locomotor pattern occurring seasonally in the circadian activity rhythms of P. sicula would depend on changes in the phase relationship between mutually coupled oscillators which drive these rhythms.
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