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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic arginine aspartate supplementation in runners reduces total plasma amino acid level at rest and during a marathon run (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 38 (1999), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Ergogenics – amino acids – exercise – arginine aspartate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Athletes consume arginine and/or aspartate as potential nutritional ergogenics. Their metabolic effects are controversial and there is some evidence that ingestion of large doses of single amino acids can adversely affect the nitrogen balance or induce an amino acid imbalance. Nevertheless, the general metabolic influence of an arginine aspartate supplementation during a prolonged exercise bout has not yet been investigated. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the general metabolic impact of a chronic supplementation with arginine aspartate in endurance-trained athletes at rest and during a marathon run. Methods: Fourteen endurance-trained runners participated in this field study which was carried out according to a double-blind crossover design. 15 g of arginine aspartate or a carbohydrate-based placebo were supplemented daily for 14 days before a marathon run. Blood samples for analysis of metabolites and hormones were collected shortly before the run, after 31 km, at the end of the run, and after a recovery period of two hours. Additionally, the respiratory exchange ratio was determined during the run. Results: The plasma level of carbohydrate (glucose, lactate, pyruvate) and fat metabolites (fatty acids, glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate), cortisol, insulin, ammonia, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase as well as the respiratory exchange ratio were unaffected by the supplementation. In contrast, the plasma level of somatotropic hormone, glucagon, urea, and arginine were significantly increased, and the level of most of the remaining plasma amino acids as well as their sun was significantly reduced. Conclusions: There was no obvious metabolic benefit derived from the chronic supplementation with arginine aspartate. And since furthermore the consequences of a reduction of the total plasma amino acid level are not known, the practice of using single amino acid supplements as potential ergogenics should be critically reevaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940050076
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear electric quadrupole moment of41Ca by laser-RF spectroscopy (1983)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 314 (1983), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The nuclear electric quadrupole moment of41Ca, which contains a single neutron outside closed proton and neutron shells (N=Z=20) has been determined. For this purpose the hyperfine structure (hfs) of the metastable 4s4p 3 P 1 state was measured by a highly sensitive technique of combined radiofrequency laser saturation spectroscopy. Because of the small size of the quadrupole interaction constantB corrections for second order effects had to be included in the analysis. Based on corrected hfs constants for the 4s4p 3 P 1 state of the isotopes41, 43, 45Ca and on a recent ab initio calculation of 〈r −3〉 integrals [1] one obtains in a consistent way: $$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {Q({}^{41}Ca) = - 80( 8)mb} \\ {Q({}^{43}Ca) = - 49( 5)mb[1]} \\ {Q({}^{45}Ca) = + 46(14)mb.} \\ \end{array}$$ These values include corrections for the electronic core polarization and relativistic effects. Moreover, the hfs anomaly in the3 P 1 state was derived from the correctedA-factors and the nuclear magnetic moments of41, 43Ca. The value is41 Δ 43=−1.16(39)·10−4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412926
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Half-explicit Runge-Kutta methods for semi-explicit differential-algebraic equations of index 1 (1993)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 64 (1993), S. 409-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: 65L05
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary For the numerical solution of non-stiff semi-explicit differentialalgebraic equations (DAEs) of index 1 half-explicit Runge-Kutta methods (HERK) are considered that combine an explicit Runge-Kutta method for the differential part with a simplified Newton method for the (approximate) solution of the algebraic part of the DAE. Two principles for the choice of the initial guesses and the number of Newton steps at each stage are given that allow to construct HERK of the same order as the underlying explicit Runge-Kutta method. Numerical tests illustrate the efficiency of these methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01388697
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Good a Deal Was the Tobacco Settlement?: Assessing Payments to Massachusetts (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 21 (2000), S. 235-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: tobacco ; smoking ; Medicaid ; tobacco litigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We estimate the increment in Massachusetts Medicaid program costs attributable to smoking from December 20, 1991 to 1998. We describe how our methods improve upon earlier estimates of analogous costs at the national level. Current costs to the Massachusetts Medicaid program approximate the payments to Massachusetts under the tobacco settlement of November 1998. Whether these payments are viewed as appropriate compensation for Medicaid costs over time depends upon the rate of increase in future health care costs, the rate of decline in smoking, the proportion of smoking that should be attributed to the actions of the tobacco companies and the likelihood the state would have prevailed at trial. The costs to the Medicaid program are dwarfed by the internal costs to smokers themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007863408004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mercury Distribution in Blood, Tissues, and Feathers of Double-Crested Cormorant Nestlings from Arid-Lands Reservoirs in South Central New Mexico (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1999), S. 456-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Eggs, blood, liver, muscle, and feathers were analyzed for concentrations of total mercury in double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) nestlings from two reservoirs in south central New Mexico. Total mercury concentrations among eggs, tissues, and feathers were not significantly correlated. Concentrations of total mercury averaged 0.40 μg/g in liver and 0.18 μg/g in muscle tissues in both populations of nestlings. There were no significant changes in concentrations of total mercury in whole blood of nestlings collected 7–10 days and 17–22 days posthatch in Caballo Reservoir (0.36 μg/g and 0.39 μg/g, respectively) and in Elephant Butte Reservoir (0.36 μg/g and 0.34 μg/g, respectively). Total mercury concentrations were similar for blood, muscle, and liver in nestlings for both reservoirs. Total mercury concentrations were higher in eggs and tail, primary, and secondary feathers from nestlings at Caballo Reservoir compared to Elephant Butte Reservoir. Although there were no differences in concentrations of total mercury in fishes between the two reservoirs, bioaccumulation and biomagnification was evident in planktivorous and piscivorous fishes. The data demonstrate that feather analysis may not be a good predictor of tissue burden in nestlings from regions of low contamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006618
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial degradation of styrene in waste gases using a peat filter (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 48 (1997), S. 738-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A biofiltration process was developed for styrene-containing off-gases using peat as filter material. The average styrene reduction ratio after 190 days of operation was 70% (max. 98%) and the mean styrene elimination capacity was 12 g m−3 h−1 (max. 30 g m−3 h−1). Efficient styrene degradation required addition of nutrients to the peat, adjustment of the pH to a neutral level and efficient control of the humidity. Maintenance of the water balance was easier in a down-flow than in an up-flow process, the former consequently resulting in much better filtration efficiency. The optimum operation temperature was around 23 °C, but the styrene removal was still satisfactory at 12 °C. Seven different bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Tsukamurella, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Xanthomonas and an unidentified genus in the γ group of the Proteobacteria isolated from the microflora of active peat filter material were capable of styrene degradation. The isolates differed in their capacity to decompose styrene to carbon dioxide and assimilate it to biomass. No toxic intermediate degradation products of styrene were detected in the filter outlet gas or in growing cultures of isolated bacteria. The use of these isolates in industrial biofilters is beneficial at low styrene concentrations and is safe from both the environmental and public health points of view.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051126
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of the last deglaciation: deconvolved records of δ18O profiles, micropaleontological variations and accelerator mass spectrometric14C dating (1987)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 1 (1987), S. 101-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Bioturbation acts as a low-pass filter in displacing and reducing the amplitudes of stratigraphic signals. This often leads to a loss of high-frequency events in the stratigraphic record. In addition, when considering an isotopic signal δ18O,14C measured in stratigraphic “carriers”, such as foraminifera, bioturbation and carrier abundance changes can create artifacts which may be falsely interpreted as leads or lags in the paleoclimatic record. We presenthere a model in which bioturbationis treated as a time-invariant filter whose impulse response function (IRF) is like that of a first-order system. The method involves first deconvoluting the abundance curves of the carriers and then the isotopic signals using the restored “carrier” abundances. This analysis was initially used to artificially generate ideal curves, with the aim of qualitatively modelling the effects of bioturbation. Following this, deconvolved curves were obtained using data from the core CH73-139C using δ18O, A. M. S. C-14 ages, and abundances of two planktonic foraminifera:G. bulloides andN. pachyderma left-coiling. A comparison of the data with the unmixed curves enables separation of the bioturbation artifacts and the construction of a common deglaciation curve based on the restored signals. Importantly, the model emphasizes some severe limitations of mathematical analysis of stratigraphic signals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054479
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The heterochromatin of grasshoppers from the Caledia captiva species complex (1986)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 94 (1986), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A highly repeated family of sequences from the grasshopper Caledia captiva shows a dispersed distribution at the cytological level. Members of this 185 bp sequence family are not restricted to C-band heterochromatin, but rather are distributed in regions which appear as euchromatin in C-banded chromosomes. Sequence variation in this family is equivalent (14%–16%) at all levels of taxonomic comparison from within a population to between species. However, contiguous repeats demonstrate a much lower level of variation (9%). These, and other data, indicate that the concept of sequence “homogeneity” within a family of highly repeated sequences must be qualified with respect to the extensive variation between members of a given family. Comparison of the data for the 185 bp family with those from a study of a second highly repeated family, from the same taxon, demonstrates divergent patterns of evolution. Thus, the 185 bp repeats show much greater sequence variation, as well as a seemingly random pattern of incorporation of base pair alterations. The factors which may contribute to the observed pattern of variation include the time since the sequence family originated, its cytological distribution, the frequency of unequal crossing over and gene conversion and natural selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288492
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die quantitative Erfassungsgrenze in der Histochemie (1969)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 17 (1969), S. 293-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary On the basis of theoretical calculation it is assumed that 10-11–10-12 g/cell is the concentration needed to identify colored products microscopically in histochemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309874
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Versuche zur elektronenmikroskopischen Darstellbarkeit saurer Mucopolysaccharide mit kolloidalen Eisenlösungen (1969)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 17 (1969), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß einiger Aldehyde und Carnoyscher Flüssigkeit auf das Eindringvermögen von Lösungen verschiedener Eisenverbindungen wurde untersucht. Bei allen Fixationsmedien und Eisenlösungen reagieren nur die Randpartien der Gewebeproben. Offensichtlich werden Gewebekomponenten durch Reaktion mit dem Eisen für dieses impermeabel.
    Notes: Summary The effect of some aldehydes and of Carnoy's fluid on the penetration of solutions of different iron compounds has been investigated. Independent of the fixation medium and the iron compound used only the peripheral zone of tissue samples do react. This seems to be due to the reaction of iron with tissue components making them impermeable to iron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305455
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