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  • Articles  (61)
  • Springer  (32)
  • Wiley  (29)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Geosciences  (61)
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  • Articles  (61)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of potential microbial parasites colonizing sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 136-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Macrophomina phaseolina ; Antagonists ; Germination ; Agglutination ; Pseudomonas fluorescence ; Trichoderma harzianum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The colonization of Macrophomina phaseolina sclerotia by microbial parasites was evaluated in unsterilized field soil at different levels of soil moisture (0,-5, and-10 kPa) and temperature (20, 30, and 40°C). The maximum colonization of sclerotia was recorded in soil held at-5 or-10 kPa at 30–40°C. Trichoderma harzianum isolate 25–92 and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate 4–92 were recorded as potential sclerotial parasites, and they significantly (P=0.05) reduced the germination of sclerotia by 60–63%. Cells of P. fluorescens and buffer-washed conidia of T. harzianum were completely agglutinated at 28°C with crude agglutinin of M. phaseolina. The ability of different antagonists to parasitize the sclerotia were correlated with the agglutination ability of the antagonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384445
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of potential microbial parasites colonizing sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 136-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key wordsMacrophomina phaseolina ; Antagonists ; Germination ; Agglutination ; Pseudomonas fluorescence ; Trichoderma harzianum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The colonization of Macrophomina phaseolina sclerotia by microbial parasites was evaluated in unsterilized field soil at different levels of soil moisture (0, –5, and –10 kPa) and temperature (20, 30, and 40°C). The maximum colonization of sclerotia was recorded in soil held at –5 or –10 kPa at 30–40°C. Trichoderma harzianum isolate 25–92 and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate 4-92 were recorded as potential sclerotial parasites, and they significantly (P=0.05) reduced the germination of sclerotia by 60–63%. Cells of P. fluorescens and buffer-washed conidia of T. harzianum were completely agglutinated at 28°C with crude agglutinin of M. phaseolina. The ability of different antagonists to parasitize the sclerotia were correlated with the agglutination ability of the antagonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384445
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic character of gas hydrates on the Southeastern U.S. continental margin (1994)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 16 (1994), S. 163-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: bottom simulating reflection ; gas hydrate ; amplitude blanking ; seismic characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Gas hydrates are stable at relatively low temperature and high pressure conditions; thus large amounts of hydrates can exist in sediments within the upper several hundred meters below the sea floor. The existence of gas hydrates has been recognized and mapped mostly on the basis of high amplitude Bottom Simulating Reflections (BSRs) which indicate only that an acoustic contrast exists at the lower boundary of the region of gas hydrate stability. Other factors such as amplitude blanking and change in reflection characteristics in sediments where a BSR would be expected, which have not been investigated in detail, are also associated with hydrated sediments and potentially disclose more information about the nature of hydratecemented sediments and the amount of hydrate present. Our research effort has focused on a detailed analysis of multichannel seismic profiles in terms of reflection character, inferred distribution of free gas underneath the BSR, estimation of elastic parameters, and spatial variation of blanking. This study indicates that continuous-looking BSRs in seismic profiles are highly segmented in detail and that the free gas underneath the hydrated sediment probably occurs as patches of gas-filled sediment having variable thickness. We also present an elastic model for various types of sediments based on seismic inversion results. The BSR from sediments of high ratio of shear to compressional velocity, estimated as about 0.52, encased in sediments whose ratios are less than 0.35 is consistent with the interpretation of gasfilled sediments underneath hydrated sediments. This model contrasts with recent results in which the BSR is explained by increased concentrations of hydrate near the base of the hydrate stability field and no underlying free gas is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237512
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing and attenuation of noise in deep seismic-reflection data from the Gulf of Maine (1989)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 11 (1989), S. 51-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: deep seismic reflection ; multichannel processing ; multichannel noise suppression ; gulf of Maine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The U.S. Geological Survey deep crustal studies reflection profile across the Gulf of Maine off southeastern New England was affected by three sources of noise: side-scattered noise, multiples, and 20-Hz whale sounds. The special processing most effective in minimizing this noise consisted of a combination of frequency-wavenumber (F-K) filtering, predictive deconvolution, and spectral whitening, each applied in the shot domain (prestack). Application of the F-K filter to remove side-scatter noise in the poststack domain resulted in a much poorer quality profile. The prestack noise suppression processing techniques resulted in a reflection profile with good signal-to-noise ratios and reliable strong reflections, especially at depths equivalent to the lower crust (24–34 km). Certain geologic features, such as a buried rift basin and a crustal fault are resolved much better within the upper crust after this processing. Finite difference migration of these data using realistic velocities produced excellent results. Migration was essential to distinguish between abundant dipping and subhorizontal reflections in the lower crust as well as to show an essentially transparent upper mantle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286247
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of interstellar pickup ion distributions in the solar wind with SOHO and Cluster (1996)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1996), S. 492-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Over the last 10 years, the experimental basis for the study of the local interstellar medium has been substantially enhanced by the direct detection of interstellar pickup ions and of interstellar neutral helium within the heliosphere. Pickup ions can be studied for a wide range of interstellar species. However, currently the accuracy of the method to determine the parameters of the interstellar medium, namely neutral density, temperature and relative velocity, is hampered by two problems: (1) In most cases the crucial ionization rates are not available from simultaneous measurements and (2) the transport of the pickup ions in the interplanetary medium substantially modifies the measured spatial distribution of the ions. In this study we will discuss how the enhanced capabilities of the instrumentation on SOHO and Cluster in combination with ongoing efforts to model the pickup ion distributions will lead to a significant improvement over the coming years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0492-x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab initio total energy study of brucite, diaspore and hypothetical hydrous wadsleyite (1995)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 22 (1995), S. 461-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ab initio total energy calculations based on the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalised gradient approximation (GGA) of density functional theory have been performed for brucite, Mg(OH)2, diaspore, AlOOH and hypothetical hydrous wadsleyite, Mg7Si4O14(OH)2. The use of a general gradient approximation (GGA) is essential to obtain a good agreement (≈ 1%) of the calculated lattice parameters to diffraction data. The calculated fractional coordinates of brucite and diaspore are in good agreement (≈ 1.5%) with experimental data. The angle of the non-linear hydrogen bond in diaspore is reproduced well, and the calculated Raman active OH stretching frequency in brucite is in very good agreement with spectroscopic data. There are no significant differences between the calculated fractional coordinates and the second derivative of the energy when GGA is used instead of standard LDA. It is concluded that the description of the static and the dynamic behavior of the OH groups in these hydroxides is very good. It is therefore inferred that the parameter free model is predictive and it has been used to evaluate a hypothetical structure of hydrous wadsleyite. The model reproduces the unusual Si-O bond length of 1.7 Å, observed in β-Mg2SiO4. It predicts an O-H distance of 0.97 Å, which is significantly shorter than the distance obtained from earlier model calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200324
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microstructures of perthitic alkali feldspars revealed by hydrofluoric acid etching (1994)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 116 (1994), S. 360-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Etching of alkali feldspar cleavage fragments with hydrofluoric acid vapor, followed by study of the surfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), is a simple and rapid technique for characterizing the microtextures of crypto- and microperthites. This technique has a number of advantages over conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) including ease of sample preparation and the large areas of crystals which can be imaged. Alkali feldspars studied by the method can yield important information on the cooling history of igneous and metamorphic rocks, fluid-feldspar interactions and the morphology and microstructures of albite exsolution lamellae. Some of these applications are illustrated by examples of etched crypto- and micro-perthites from the Klokken layered syenite, south Greenland and the Shap granite, north-west England.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306504
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Au-Ag ore deposits of the South Korean Peninsula (1986)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 21 (1986), S. 234-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Pyrite and arsenopyrite are the predominant ore minerals in the Korean Au-Ag deposits of this study. The X Ni py , X Co py , X Ni apy , and X Co apy values range between 100 and 3,000 ppm, 200 and 6,000 ppm, 200 and 8,200 ppm, and 100 and 10,200 ppm, respectively. Most X Ni py /X Co py values fall in the field lower than values varying 0.16–1.30. Arsenopyrite also tends to prefer cobalt rather than nickel showing X Ni apy /X Co apy values between 0.20 and 1.40. The concentrations of minor elements in ores and gangue minerals vary 1–55 ppm Au and 1–1,120 ppm Ag for the former and 4–57 ppm Ni and 2–45 ppm Co for the latter. The Au/Ag ratio in ore has a good correlation to the Ni/Co ratio of arsenopyrite to gangue. The (Ni/Co)py-(Ni/Co)gangue and (Ni/Co)apy-(Ni/Co)gangue diagrams revealed that the values from the Korean Au-Ag deposits plot in the field lower than 900 °C which is the lowermost temperature determined by previous partitioning experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199806
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the determination of elastic material parameters of transverse isotropic rocks from a single test specimen (1995)
    Springer
    Rock mechanics and rock engineering 28 (1995), S. 17-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-453X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Summary The determination of material parameters for rocks which display anisotropic behaviour has become more important in light of the development of powerful and economical analytical modeling techniques. The study presented herein is based on a testing framework aimed at determining the material parameters required to describe the behaviour of a transverse isotropic solid under axisymmetric loading conditions. Use of thin walled hollow cylindrical specimens instrumented with tangential strain gages on both the inner and outer surfaces allows one to completely define the average strains in the cylinder wall. Testing of a single specimen under axial and radial loading conditions is sufficient to determine the variation of the material elastic “constants” as a function of the applied stresses. Results are presented for two very different rock types, and illustrate the consistency of the developed methodology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01024771
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Megathrust splay faults at the focus of the Prince William sound asperity, Alaska (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: [1]  High resolution sparker and crustal-scale airgun seismic reflection data, coupled with repeat bathymetric surveys, document a region of repeated coseismic uplift on the portion of the Alaska subduction zone that ruptured in 1964. This area defines the western limit of Prince William Sound. Differencing of vintage and modern bathymetric surveys shows that the region of greatest uplift related to the 1964 Great Alaska earthquake was focused along a series of sub-parallel faults beneath Prince William Sound and the adjacent Gulf of Alaska shelf. Bathymetric differencing indicates that 12 m of coseismic uplift occurred along two faults that reached the sea floor as submarine terraces on the Cape Cleare bank southwest of Montague Island. Sparker seismic reflection data provide cumulative Holocene slip estimates as high as 9 mm/yr along a series of splay thrust faults within both the inner wedge and transition zone of the accretionary prism. Crustal seismic data show that these megathrust splay faults root separately into the subduction zone décollement. Splay fault divergence from this megathrust correlates with changes in mid-crustal seismic velocity and magnetic susceptibility values, best explained by duplexing of the subducted Yakutat terrane rocks above Pacific plate rocks along the trailing edge of the Yakutat terrane. Although each splay fault is capable of independent motion, we conclude that the identified splay faults rupture in a similar pattern during successive megathrust earthquakes and that the region of greatest seismic coupling has remained consistent throughout the Holocene.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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