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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant tubulin genes: Structure and differential expression during development (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 435-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: tubulin genes ; microtubules ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Microtubules are important components of the cytoskeleton of plant cells and play key roles in plant growth and morphogenesis. Recent molecular studies have begun to elucidate the structure and expression of plant genes coding for the major components of microtubules, α- and β-tubulin. Tubulin amino acid sequences deduced from the DNA sequences of eight higher plant tubulin genes are 79-87% homologous with constitutively expressed mammalian tubulins. The genome of the model plant system Arabidopsis thaliana contains four dispersed α-tubulin sequences and at least seven β-tubulin sequences, only two of which appear to be linked. Of the five A. thaliana genes whose expression has been analyzed, the transcripts of one α-tubulin and one β-tubulin gene are constitutively expressed in roots, leaves, and flowers. A second α-tubulin gene is expressed predominately in flowers; the transcripts of the second and third β-tubulin genes are found predominately in leaves or in roots, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080511
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase in copy number of an integrated vector during continuous culture of Hansenula polymorpha expressing functional human haemoglobin (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 10 (1994), S. 1569-1580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Hansenula ; haemoglobin ; integration ; continuous culture ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recombinant human haemoglobin A (rHbA) was produced by a leucine-requiring strain of Hansenula polymorpha which had been transformed with an integration vector containing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LEU2 gene and cDNAs for the expression of α and β globin each driven by the H. polymorpha MOX promoter. After 40 generations in a chemostat it was found that the integrated vector had become amplified in the host strain. In some cases this led to an increase in LEU2 gene dosage, but a loss of globin expression cassettes. In other cases the globin gene dosage also increased. These changes coincided with an increase in rHbA production in the culture, which was reversed when the dilution rate was increased. Isolates from a chemostat culture producing elevated levels of rHbA were grown in fed-batch fermentations, resulting in higher productivities than when inoculated with the parent strain. The rHbA produced was purified and characterized. Oxygen binding studies and electrospray mass spectrometry showed that the rHbA had been processed and assembled correctly, and behaved as a fully functional co-operative tetramer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320101206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental protein synthesis is required for the transcription of Dictyostelium prespore genes (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 12 (1991), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum ; cyclo heximide ; emetine ; protein synthesis ; mRNA accu mulation ; transcription ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: It has been established previ- ously that the maintenance of expression of pre-spore-specific genes of Dictyostelium discoideum is prevented by the translational inhibitor cyclohex- imide. The drug had no effect upon the level of transcripts of the other genes examined, prestalk-specific or cell type-nonspecific. However, the interpretation of this result is open to question, because of possible nonspecific effects of cyclo-heximide. We have now characterized the cellular specificity and temporal profiles of mRNA accumu- lation of additional Dictyostelium cDNA clones, and have examined other inhibitors of in vivo protein synthesis. Four structurally and mechanistically distinct translational inhibitors each prevented the reaccumulation of prespore transcripts in cyclic AMP-primed, disaggregated amoebae. These results establish the importance of developmental protein synthesis in the accumulation of prespore gene transcripts. Nuclear run-on transcription assays were used to learn whether protein synthesis is required primarily for mRNA synthesis or transcript stability. A transcriptional time course first demonstrated that the abundance of these cell-specific transcripts during development mirrors their rates of synthesis. Significantly, the protein synthesis requirement of the prespore genes examined also occurs at the level of mRNA transcription, implying the existence of one or more developmentally regulated transcriptional activators.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020120119
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurochemical characterization of embryonic brain development in trisomy 19 (Ts19) mice: Implications of selective deficits observed for abnormal neural development in aneuploidy (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 267-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: mental retardation ; Down syndrome ; cholinergic neurons ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this study, we examined the neurochemical profiles of selected brain regions (cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon/brainstem) in fetal (day 14 to 18 gestation) trisomy 19 (Ts19) mice. The neurochemical characteristics we observed in Ts19 mice were quite different from those we observed previously in Ts16 mice. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was reduced significantly in the cerebral hemispheres, but not in the brainstem/diencephalon, of the fetal Ts19 mouse brain, suggesting a selective vulnerability of telencephalic cholinergic neurons. Additionally, the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) was reduced significantly in both hemispheres and diencephalon/brainstem of late gestation Ts19 fetuses, suggesting a selective vulnerability of GABAergic neurons as well. While the levels of catecholaminergic and dopaminergic markers were reduced significantly at late gestational ages, the relative rate of turnover of dopamine (DA), measured by the ratio of DOPAC/DA, was elevated significantly in Ts19 mice. Neither reduction in the thickness of various cellular zones of the cerebral cortex nor reduced cell density of the cerebral cortex accounts for the alterations in neurochemical parameters observed in Ts19 mice. These results suggest that the effects of the triplication of specific genes on the respective chromosomes, rather than a generalized disruption of developmental homeostasis resulting from extra chromosomal material, may produce selective alterations in neurochemical and neuroanatomical markers observed in these two mouse trisomies.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080409
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning, sequencing, and expressional analysis of the chick homologue of follistatin (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 17 (1995), S. 65-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Follistatin ; activin ; inhibin ; chick ; rhombomeres ; somites ; resegmentation ; neural induction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Follistatin, a secreted glycoprotein, has been shown to act as a potent neural inducer during early amphibian development. The function of this protein during embryogenesis in higher vertebrates is unclear, and to further our understanding of its role we have cloned, sequenced, and performed an in-depth expressional analysis of the chick homologue of follistatin. In addition we also describe the expression pattern of activin βA and activin β B, proteins that have previously been shown to be able to interact with follistatin. In this study we show that the expression of follistatin and the activins do not always overlap. Follistatin was first detected in Hensen's node and subsequently in the region described by Spratt [1952] as the neuralising area. In older embryos it was also expressed in a highly dynamic manner in the hind-brain as well as in the somites. We also present evidence that follistatin may have a later role in the resegmentation of the somites. We were unable to detect the expression of activin βA during early embryogenesis, whereas activin βB was first expressed in the extending primitive streak and subsequently in the neural folds. The results from this study are consistent with a role for follistatin in neural induction but suggest it has additional functions unrelated to its inhibitory actions on activins. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020170108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular mechanics assessment of the configurational statistics of polyoxyethylene (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 5 (1984), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Previous investigators have shown that statistical mechanical averages for configuration-dependent physical properties of long unperturbed polyoxyethylene chains are sensitive to the gauche-trans energy difference for rotation about C—C bonds. Agreement between theory and experiment could be obtained only by significant adjustment of this energy away from values predicted by semiempirical conformational energy computations. The present work examines the success of MM2 in evaluating conformational properties of long unperturbed polyoxyethylene chains. Calculations are performed which identify the rotational isomers, and their energies, for the indicated bonds in CH3OCH2CH2O—CH2—CH2—OCH2CH2OCH3. These energies are used to assign statistical weights utilized in the configuration partition function for a rotational isomeric state chain with symmetric threefold interdependent rotations. The customary generator matrix scheme is employed to evaluate the mean-square unperturbed end-to-end distance, mean-square unperturbed dipole moment, and their temperature coefficients. Contrary to computational schemes employed previously, MM2 is found to provide an estimate of the gauche-trans energy difference for rotation about C—C which is in harmony with the known dimensions and dipole moments of the unperturbed polymer. MM2 also provides good estimates for most of the other parameters required in the rotational isomeric state treatment. A notable exception is provided by the gauche-trans energy difference for rotation about the C—O bond. This energy difference is overestimated by MM2.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540050306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On searching neighbors in computer simulations of macromolecular systems (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 5 (1984), S. 272-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Various algorithms for evaluating nonbonded interactions in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of macromolecular systems are considered, and a combination of two techniques using a space grid for finding neighbor atoms is proposed. The application of grid search techniques to nonrectangular periodic systems is discussed. Finally, the computing time required by different algorithms is compared on a Cray-1 vector processing computer as well as on a CDC Cyber 170/760 sequential computer. Neighbor list techniques turn out to be faster than the grid search techniques for the systems considered here. However, storage requirements may exclude the use of neighbor list techniques for large systems. Finally, MD of complex macromolecular systems turned out to be about 4-14 times faster on a Cray-1 than on a Cyber 170/760.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540050311
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Locally dense basis sets for chemical shift calculations (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 648-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Calculations of chemical shifts have been carried out using “locally dense” basis sets for the resonant atom of interest, and smaller, attenuated sets on other atoms in the molecule. For carbon, calculations involving a 6-311G(d) triply split valence set with polarization on the resonant atom and 3-21G atomic bases on other heavy atoms result in good agreement with experiment, and are virtually identical to those found employing the larger basis on all atoms. For species such as nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine where standard balanced basis sets do not agree well with experiment, use of attenuated sets fail as well. The use of locally dense basis sets permits calculations previously impractical, and the successful application to carbon suggests that the chemical shift is most dependent on the local basis set, and less so on whether or not a balanced or unbalanced calculation is being carried out.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540100507
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polypentapeptide of elastin: Damping of internal chain dynamics on extension (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 850-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Molecular dynamics simulations out to 100 ps have been carried out at 300 K in vacuo on the repeating pentapeptide, (VPGVG), of the elastin fiber. The structure employed in the simulation is a β-spiral (helical structure) with 2.7 pentamers per turn and with a 9.45 Å rise per turn and 21.6 Å rise per turn in the relaxed and extended states, respectively. Large amplitude backbone torsion angle fluctuations are observed in the relaxed state, and significant damping is observed upon extension, particularly in the suspended segments of the β-spiral structure. Accordingly the entropy change an extension was computed and found to be a substantial -1.1 entropy units per residue. The various energy components are compared for relaxed and extended states and the relevance of the results to the molecular mechanism of entropic elasticity is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540100607
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implementation of the ECEPP algorithm, the Monte Carlo minimization method, and the electrostatically driven Monte Carlo method on the Kendall square research KSR1 computer (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1153-1163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: In this article the adaptation of the Empirical Conformational Energy Program for Peptides (ECEPP/3) and two conformational search methods [viz., the Monte Carlo minimization (MCM) method and the electrostatically driven Monte Carlo (EDMC) method] to the Kendall Square Research KSR1 computer is described. The MCM and EDMC methods were developed to surmount the multiple-minima problem in protein folding. Parallelization of these codes led to substantial speedups (expressed as the ratio between the mean time per energy evaluation in one processor and the mean time per energy evaluation in a set of processors) over the serial versions of these codes. A comparison of the performance of these algorithms on the KSR1 and on the IBM ES9000 computers is presented. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540160909
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