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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    END CORRECTIONS IN POTENTIAL FIELD MODELING (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 27 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A general treatment of end corrections in gravity and magnetic modeling is presented. The well-known 2-D formulae of Talwani and Talwani and Heirtzler become slightly changed to represent a 2 1/2–D body, i.e. a body of polygonal cross section with the tails In the strike direction cut off.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1979.tb00994.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of growth rate on white muscle dynamics in rainbow trout and brook trout (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 56 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In trout, fast growth stimulated white muscle fibre hypertrophy (P 0·001) and hyperplasia (P〈0·01) in outer fibres but not in deep fibres. Glycogen was most prevalent in outer fibres (P〈0·01) and in brook trout (P〈0·01) that on average had three to four times larger fibres than rainbow trout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02164.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical study of the heat transfer through a fluid layer with recirculating flow between concentric and eccentric spheres (1982)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 702-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A numerical study has been made of the heat transfer through a fluid layer with recirculating flow. The outer fluid surface was assumed to be spherical, while the inner surface consisted of a sphere concentrically or eccentrically located with respect to the outer spherical surface. The recirculating flow was assumed to be driven by a gas flow creating stress on the fluid's outer surface so that creeping (low Reynolds number) flow developed in its interior. The present study solves the Stokes equation of motion and the convective diffusion equation in bispherical coordinates and presents the streamline and isotherm patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876656
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global and regional N2O measurements (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 405-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Continuous observation ; Global data ; Lifetime ; Nitrous oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Real-time N2O measurements have been madein situ at the South Pole, Antarctica, north and south of the equator from on board the Alpha Helix and over the Pacific Ocean on several aircraft flights from the U.S. to New Zealand, Australia and 90°S. In addition, an automated EC-GC has been operated for the past year intermittently monitoring N2O in surface air at a rural site in the wheatlands of eastern Washington state. The data obtained are consistent and in agreement with the data obtained from the analyses of a large number of samples collected both from ground stations and a variety of aircraft flights made in the southern and northern hemisphere. The observed global data show no interhemispheric differences. The present concentration of N2O in the troposphere is measured to be 330±3 ppbv. Its vertical distribution in the troposphere is very uniform. A small decrease (2–3 percent) across the tropopause is characteristically observed in the high altitude Learjet flights.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636895
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in the concentrations of atmospheric trace gases in and above the tropical boundary layer (1981)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 119 (1981), S. 990-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Atmospheric trace gases ; Atmospheric chemistry ; Chemical composition of atmospheric boundary layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Weekly air samples were collected at Cape Kumakahi (0 km) and at nearby Mauna Loa Observatory (3.4 km) which is above the boundary layer. EC/GC and GC/FID techniques were used to measure CH3I, CHCl3, CO and CH4, which are largely natural in origin, and C2Cl4, CCl4, CH3, CCl3, CCl3F (F-11), CCl2F2 (F-12), CHClF2 (F-22) and C2F3Cl3 (F-113), which are due to anthropogenic activities. It was found that all these gases are significantly (α≤0.05) more abundant in the boundary layer than above it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878964
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for collection, long-term storage, and bioassay of labile volatile chemosignals (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 207-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chemosignal ; pheromone ; Asian elephant ; Elephas maximus ; temporal gland secretion ; musth ; avoiding reactions ; headspace analysis ; 2-hexanone ; 3-pentanone ; 1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure for headspace sampling and long-term storage of organic volatiles coupled with gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis was used to study the volatile chemosignals in a biological secretion prior to bioassay. The approach involved collecting the volatiles in evacuated canisters from an apparatus in which 1 ml of secretion was dispersed for headspace sampling. These canisters, stainless steel, 850 ml, and 100% internally electropolished, have been demonstrated to store volatile compounds, in chemically stable form, for several weeks. The GC-MS analyses provided the quantitation and identification of compounds from C3 through C14 at concentrations as low as 0.10 parts per billion volume. The approach was used to study chemosignals of musth temporal gland secretions (TGS) from a male Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Fresh TGS material loses its biological activity within 1 hr. TGS material stored at −20°C usually looses its activity within 30 days. The usefulness of this method for long-term storage of the volatile chemosignals was demonstrated by the retention of biologically active TGS headspace compounds, as determined through bioassays, stored in these canisters for one year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055093
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tropospheric methane in the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 1 (1984), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Methane ; troposphere ; southern hemisphere ; trend ; annual cycle ; vertical gradient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Results of more than 800 new measurements of methane (CH4) concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere troposphere (34–41° S, 130–150° E) are reported. These were obtained between September 1980 and March 1983 from the surface at Cape Grim, Tasmania, through the middle (3.5–5.5 km) to the upper troposphere (7–10 km). The concentration of CH4 increased throughout the entire troposphere over the measurement period, adding further support to the view that CH4 concentrations are currently increasing on a global scale. For data averaged vertically through the troposphere the rate of increase found was 20 ppbv/yr or 1.3%/yr at December 1981. In the surface CH4 data a seasonal cycle with a peak to peak amplitude of approximately 28 ppbv is seen, with the minimum concentration occurring in March and the maximum in September–October. A cycle with the same phase as that seen at the surface, but with a significantly decreased amplitude, is apparent in the mid troposphere but no cycle is detected in the upper tropospheric data. The phase and amplitude of the cycle are qualitatively in agreement with the concept that the major sink for methane is oxidation by hydroxyl radicals. Also presented is evidence of a positive vertical gradient in methane, with a suggestion that the magnitude of this gradient has changed over the period of measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053835
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon tetrachloride lifetimes and emissions determined from daily global measurements during 1978–1985 (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 7 (1988), S. 35-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Carbon tetrachloride ; fluorocarbons ; atmospheric releases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Seven years of daily gas chromatographic measurements of CCl4 at the five globally distributed ALE/GAGE surface sites are reported. It is determined that CCl4 has been accumulating in the atmosphere at a rate of 1.3±0.1%/yr over the period 1978–1985 and that the releases of CCl4 into the atmosphere have remained fairly constant, with the smallest releases in 1981–1982. Using an inversion scheme based on a nine box model of the atmosphere, we infer a CCl4 lifetime of approximately 40 yr, an inventory on 1 July 1978 of (2.08±0.07)×109 kg and an average rate of release over the period 1978–1985 of (0.9±0.9)×107 kg/yr. These results produce excellent agreement with a release scenario derived from global production estimates for CCl4 and the major CCl4 byproduct, the chlorofluorocarbons. However, to obtain this consistency, it is necessary that our current ALE/GAGE absolute calibration standard be reduced approximately 25% thus bringing it into agreement with measurements by Yokohata et al. (1985) and Hanst et al. (1975).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048253
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane, carbon monoxide and methylchloroform in the southern hemisphere (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 4 (1986), S. 3-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Methane ; methylchloroform ; carbon monoxide ; Southern Hemisphere ; trends ; seasonal cycles ; hydroxyl radical ; tow dimensional model ; methane source function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract New observational data on CH4, CO and CH3CCl3 in the southern hemisphere are reported. The data are analysed for long term trends and seasonal cycles. CH3CCl3 data are used to scale the OH fields incorporated in a two dimensional model, which in turn, is used to constrain the magnitude of a global CH4 source function. The possible causes of observed seasonality of CH3CCl3, CH4 and CO are identified, and several other aspects of observed CH4 variability are discussed. Possible future research directions are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053771
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Termites and global methane—another assessment (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 4 (1986), S. 295-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Methane ; termites ; global methane budget
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract New CH4 emission data from a number of Northern and Southern Hemispheric, tropical and temperate termites, are reported, which indicate that the annual global CH4 source due to termites is probably less than 15 Tg. The major uncertainties in this estimate are identified and found to be substantial. Nevertheless, our results suggest that termites probably account for less than 5% of global CH4 emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053806
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