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  • 71.90+Q  (2)
  • Massenspektrometrie  (2)
  • 13  (1)
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • Oxford University Press
  • Springer Nature
  • Springer Science + Business Media
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  • Springer  (5)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • Oxford University Press
  • Springer Nature
  • Springer Science + Business Media
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key wordsProstaglandin E1 ; Carbonyl reductase; 13 ; 14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE1 ; 13 ; 14-dihydro-PGE1 ; human ; liver ; erythrocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The therapeutic response to PGE1 is highly variable, and a contribution by variable formation of its active tertiary metabolite PGE0 is in question. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the person-to-person variation of the reduction of the inactive intermediate metabolite 15-KD PGE1 by human liver and human erythrocytes in forming the active metabolite PGE0. Methods: Source of enzyme was lysed erythrocytes from 29 donors, and a bank of 37 donor livers including specimens from 15 children. Tritium-labelled 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin E1 (15-KD PGE1) was used at low nanomolar concentrations and found to be converted almost exclusively to the more polar compound 13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin E1 (PGE0) by an NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase. The identity of the product PGE0 was established by comparison of its chromatographic and mass spectral characteristics with authentic PGE0. Results: Lysed erythrocytes had readily measurable enzymatic activity; differences between the preparations from 29 subjects were very small with only a twofold range of variation. In contrast to lysed erythrocytes, intact erythrocytes did not catalyse the reaction so that the erythrocyte activity should be medically immaterial. 15-KD PGE1 15-ketoreductase activity of liver cytosol averaged 61.1 fmol · min−1 · mg−1 protein in preparations from 37 human livers. Individual activities varied over an almost tenfold range, with indications of a non-normal distribution. Kinetic studies of selected specimens showed substantially different Vmax values but indistinguishable k M values, suggesting that the individual variation in 15-KD PGE1 15-ketoreduction is the result of differences in enzyme concentration rather than of structural enzyme variations. The activity in 15 livers from children was significantly lower than in those from adults. Inhibition data suggest that both the liver and the erythrocyte enzymes belong to the class of carbonyl reductases. Conclusions: The variations in hepatic enzyme activity may be expected to affect the transformation of 15-KD PGE1 to the active metabolite PGE0 in vivo. The clinical significance remains to be explored.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 175-177 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 67.90+Z ; 71.90+Q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excitation and decay processes of helium clusters are investigated with fluorescence methods. The results differ remarkably from that obtained for the heavier rare gas clusters. They are discussed in view of the unusual structural and electronic properties of helium.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 382-384 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 67.90+Z ; 71.90+Q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excitation and decay processes of helium clusters are investigated with fluorescence methods. The results differ remarkably from that obtained for the heavier rare gas clusters. They are discussed in view of the unusual structural and electronic properties of helium.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 302 (1980), S. 387-392 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Tritium in Steroiden ; Massenspektrometrie ; Felddesorption ; Isotopenverteilg. in Biochemikalien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The first application of field desorption mass spectrometry (FD-MS) to the determination of the label content and the statistical isotopic distribution in radiolabelled substances is reported. The total amount of tritium in steroids such as [6,7-3H]estradiol and [2,4,6,7-3H]estradiol was estimated. Data are easily derived from the field desorption mass spectra which allow the calculation of the distribution of the radioisotope in the investigated biochemicals with an accuracy below 1%. The two main advantages of the technique reported here are the small sample consumption in the nanogram range (which is particularly important for radiolabelled chemicals of high specific activity) and the highmolecular ion abundance of polar substances (the thermal and mass spectrometric fragmentation is almost completely missing) which give optimal information about the isotopic composition of the intact molecule. In addition, the short analysis time by FD-MS of approximately 30 min for the complete isotopic determination and the good precision of a few tenths of a percent underline the utility of this new method for the assay of radioisotopes in compounds of biochemical, medical and environmental interest.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die erste Anwendung der Felddesorptions-Massenspektrometrie (FD-MS) für die Bestimmung des Markierungsgrades und der statistischen Isotopenverteilung in radioaktiv markierten Verbindungen wird beschrieben. Der Gesamtgehalt von Tritium in Steroidhormonen, wie [6,7-3H]Östradiol und [2,4,6,7-3H]Östradiol, wurde mit einem Fehler unter 1% quantitativ bestimmt. Aus den Felddesorptions-Massenspektren lassen sich leicht Daten ableiten, die die Berechnung der Verteilung des Radioisotops in den untersuchten Biochemikalien ermöglichen. Zwei Hauptvorteile der beschriebenen Methode sind: 1) der geringe Probenverbrauch im Nanogrammbereich — dies ist gerade im Hinblick auf die geltenden Vorschriften für den Strahlenschutz von besonderer Bedeutung für radioaktiv markierte Verbindungen mit hoher spezifischer Aktivität — und 2) da die thermischen und massenspektrometrischen Fragmentierungen fast völlig fehlen, liefern die hohen relativen Intensitäten der Molekülionen von polaren Substanzen die optimale Information über die isotopische Zusammensetzung des intakten Moleküls. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich aus den kurzen Analysenzeiten von etwa 30min für eine komplette Isotopenbestimmung und aus der hohen Präzision von einigen Zehntel Prozent die Brauchbarkeit des beschriebenen neuen Verfahrens zur Bestimmung von Radioisotopen in Verbindungen, die für Biochemie, Medizin und Umweltforschung von Interesse sind.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 304 (1980), S. 15-22 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Metallen, Legierungen ; Massenspektrometrie ; Laser-Felddesorption, Hochtemperatur-Chemie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The first application of Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry (FD-MS) to the analysis of metals and some widely-used, industrial alloys is reported. Fine metal powders of tungsten, tantalum, antimony, iron, hafnium, palladium, zinc, copper, uranium, manganese, tin, titanium, nickel, zirconium, gold, silver, scandium and aluminium were applied to the conventionally used high-temperature carbon emitter and desorbed using direct or indirect heating. The intensities of the obtained ion currents for the cations of these elements increased in the sequence of this listing. During ion formation the sample and emitter temperature in the target area of an argon ion laser on the emitter surface was measured by means of a micropyrometer. These investigations gave clear evidence that the onset for the production of metal cations from the non-ionic samples occurs close to the melting point of the corresponding element. Intense ion currents are recorded in many cases slightly above this temperature (approx. 50° C). For alloys a fractionated desorption of the metallic components occurred in a wider temperature range and the corresponding ion intensity/temperature profiles (thermograms) for the alloys Cr80/Al20, Cu70/Zn30 and Fe71/Cr18/Ni8/Mo3 are given and interpreted. These more qualitative pilot studies demonstrate convincingly the utility and versatility of laser assisted FD-MS for the detection and identification of metals, accompanying trace metals and organic/inorganic trace impurities. The sample amount required for analysis is some micrograms, but only between 10−12 and 10−9 g are actually desorbed, depending mainly upon the laser adjustment and the kind of metal which is under investigation. While direct heating of the FD emitter leads to destruction between 1,300 and 1,400° C, the use of the laser for indirect heating extends the applicability well above 3,000° C and opens up the field of high-temperature chemistry.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die ersten Anwendungen der Felddesorptions-Massenspektrometrie zur Analyse von Metallen und einigen weitgebräuchlichen, technischen Legierungen werden beschrieben. Feine Metallpulver von Wolfram, Tantal, Antimon, Eisen, Hafnium, Palladium, Zink, Kupfer, Uran, Mangan, Zinn, Titan, Nickel, Zirkonium, Gold, Silber, Scandium und Aluminium wurden auf die herkömmlichen, hochtemperaturaktivierten Kohlenstoffemitter aufgebracht und mit direkter oder indirekter Heizung desorbiert. Die Intensitäten der erhaltenen Ionenströme für die Metallkationen stiegen in der Reihenfolge dieser Aufzählung an. Während der Ionenbildung wurden die Proben- und Emitter-Temperatur im Auftreffbereich eines Argon-Ionenlasers auf der Emitteroberfläche mit einem Mikropyrometer bestimmt. Diese Untersuchungen ergaben den klaren Hinweis, daß die Einsatztemperatur für die Bildung der Metallkationen aus den nicht-ionischen Proben nahe beim Schmelzpunkt des jeweiligen Metalls liegt. In vielen Fällen wurden intensive Ionenströme knapp oberhalb dieser Temperatur (circa 50° C) registriert. Für Legierungen wurde eine fraktionierte Desorption der metallischen Bestandteile in einem breiten Temperaturbereich beobachtet. Die entsprechenden Thermogramme aus Ionenstromintensität und Temperatur für Cr80/Al20, Cu70/Zn30 und einer Fe71/Cr18/ Ni8/Mo3-Stahlprobe werden beschrieben. Diese überwiegend qualitativen Vorversuche geben ein klares Beispiel für die Leistungsfähigkeit und Vielseitigkeit der laserunterstützten Felddesorptions-Massenspektrometrie für die Identifizierung der Hauptmetalle, von Spurenmetallen und organisch/anorganischen Spurenverunreinigungen. Die benötigte Gesamtprobenmenge liegt in der Größenordnung von einigen Mikrogramm, die tatsächlich desorbierte Analysenmenge beträgt zwischen 10−12 und 10−9 g und hängt in der Hauptsache von der Einstellung des Lasers und dem untersuchten Metall ab. Während durch direkte Emitterheizung der FD-Emitterdraht zwischen 1300° C und 1400° C zerstört wird, erweitert die indirekte Heizung den Anwendungsbereich des Verfahrens auf über 3000° C und eröffnet damit neue Möglichkeiten auf dem Gebiet der Hochtemperatur-Chemie.
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