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  • 1
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    Assessment of Quality and Reliability of Measurements with XBT Sippican T5 and T5/20 (2018)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-01
    Description: The T5 expendable bathythermographs reach the greatest depth within the current XBT family. Since the early 1970s, in several areas they have been providing a significant part of available temperature profiles below 1000 m and therefore represent an important resource for ocean climate study. In this paper we present new results from laboratory tests of Sippican T5 and T5/20 probes and analyses of more than 350 XBT–CTD matched pairs from our own field trials and the World Ocean Database (WOD), and we propose an improved fall rate equation (coefficients: A = 6.720 ± 0.025 m s−1, B = 0.001 60 ± 0.000 15 m s−2, Offset = 1.00 ± 0.65 m). Possible influences of probe physical characteristics and initial launch conditions on the probe motion have also been investigated with launching height and probe weight being identified as important factors. Analyses also confirm that fall speed and pure temperature error increase with water temperature, as previously reported for other XBT types. The uncertainties in depth and temperature measurements are then calculated. Finally, a new correction for a global T5 dataset is proposed, with an update of the currently available schemes.
    Print ISSN: 0739-0572
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0426
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 2
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    Role of Resolved and Parameterized Eddies in the Labrador Sea Balance of Heat and Buoyancy (2014)
    American Meteorological Society
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-26
    Description: Deep convection in the Labrador Sea is an important component of the global ocean ventilation. The associated loss of heat to the atmosphere from the interior of the sea is thought to be mostly supplied by mesoscale eddies, generated either remotely or as a result of convection itself—processes that are not resolved by low-resolution ocean climate models. The authors first employ a high-resolution (°) ocean model forced with high-resolution (33 km, 3 h) atmospheric fields to further elaborate on the role of mesoscale eddies in maintaining the balance of heat and buoyancy in the Labrador Sea. In general agreement with previous studies, it is found that eddies remove heat along the coast and supply it to the interior. Some of the eddies that are generated because of the barotropic instability off the west coast of Greenland are recaptured by the boundary current. In the region of deep convection, the convergence of heat and buoyancy by eddies significantly increases with the deepening of the winter mixed layer. In addition, the vertical eddy flux plays an important part in the heat budget of the upper Labrador Sea, accounting for up to half of the heat loss to the atmosphere north of 60°N. A low-resolution (1°) model with parameterized eddies is then applied to show that it does capture, qualitatively, the general structure of eddy buoyancy advection along the Labrador Current. However, the 1° model is deficient in this regard in the most eddy active region off the west coast of Greenland, although some improvements can be made by forcing it with the high-resolution atmospheric fields.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3670
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 3
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    Time scales of the Greenland freshwater anomaly in the subpolar North Atlantic (2022)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-03
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 34(22), (2021): 8971–8987, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0610.1.
    Description: The impact of increasing Greenland freshwater discharge on the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) remains unknown as there are uncertainties associated with the time scales of the Greenland freshwater anomaly (GFWA) in the SPNA. Results from numerical simulations tracking GFWA and an analytical approach are employed to estimate the response time, suggesting that a decadal time scale (13 years) is required for the SPNA to adjust for increasing GFWA. Analytical solutions obtained for a long-lasting increase of freshwater discharge show a non-steady-state response of the SPNA with increasing content of the GFWA. In contrast, solutions for a short-lived pulse of freshwater demonstrate different responses of the SPNA with a rapid increase of freshwater in the domain followed by an exponential decay after the pulse has passed. The derived theoretical relation between time scales shows that residence time scales are time dependent for a non-steady-state case and asymptote the response time scale with time. The residence time of the GFWA deduced from Lagrangian experiments is close to and smaller than the response time, in agreement with the theory. The Lagrangian analysis shows dependence of the residence time on the entrance route of the GFWA and on the depth. The fraction of the GFWA exported through Davis Strait has limited impact on the interior basins, whereas the fraction entering the SPNA from the southwest Greenland shelf spreads into the interior regions. In both cases, the residence time of the GFWA increases with depth demonstrating long persistence of the freshwater anomaly in the subsurface layers.
    Description: D. S. Dukhovskoy and E. P. Chassignet were funded by the DOE (Award DE-SC0014378) and HYCOM NOPP (Award N00014-19-1-2674). The HYCOM-CICE simulations were supported by a grant of computer time from the DoD High-Performance Computing Modernization Program at NRL SSC. G. Platov was funded by the RSF N19-17-00154. P. G. Myers was funded by an NSERC Discovery Grant (Grant RGPIN 04357). A. Proshutinsky was funded by FAMOS project (NSF Grant NSF 14-584).
    Keywords: North Atlantic Ocean ; Lagrangian circulation/transport ; Ocean circulation ; Differential equations ; Ocean models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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